Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Silke Matysik, Sabrina Krautbauer, Gerhard Liebisch, Hans-Frieder Schott, Louise Kjolbaek, Arne Astrup, Francois Blachier, Martin Beaumont, Max Nieuwdorp, Annick Hartstra, Simone Rampelli, Uberto Pagotto, Patricia Iozzo
Summary: This study quantified the concentrations of faecal sterol species, bile acids, and short-chain fatty acids in 165 study participants. Participants were classified as low or high converters based on their coprostanol/cholesterol ratio, with low converters excreting more straight-chain fatty acids and bile acids. Concentration ranges of 16 faecal metabolites were provided as reference values, showing significant differences in faecal metabolites between high and low sterol converter groups.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yit Tao Loo, Kate Howell, Hafiz Suleria, Pangzhen Zhang, Siyao Liu, Ken Ng
Summary: The effects of (poly)phenol-rich sugarcane extract (PRSE), sugarcane fibre (SCFiber), and their combination (PRSE + SCFiber) on gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production were investigated. In vitro digestion and pig faecal fermentation experiments showed that PRSE + SCFiber delivered more (poly)phenols to the colonic fermentation stage compared to PRSE alone. The combination of PRSE + SCFiber enhanced the relative abundances of Prevotella, Lactobacillus, and Blautia, while reducing the relative abundance of Streptococcus in the faecal microbiota. PRSE + SCFiber also mitigated the inhibitory effects of PRSE on SCFA production.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Colleen M. Pike, Casey M. Theriot
Summary: Clostridioides difficile is an urgent antimicrobial-resistant bacterium causing a range of diseases, and commensal gut microbes play a critical role in providing resistance against it, potentially serving as a non-antibiotic alternative therapy for prevention and treatment.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xue Han, Ye Wang, Peipei Zhang, Manli Zhu, Ling Li, Xinmin Mao, Xiaoting Sha, Linlin Li
Summary: Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from Kazak individuals with normal glucose tolerance (KNGT) can improve glycolipid disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus db/db mice by changing the bacterial composition responsible for producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and activating the G protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43)/glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) pathway.
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yit Tao Loo, Kate Howell, Hafiz Suleria, Pangzhen Zhang, Chunhe Gu, Ken Ng
Summary: In this study, the effects of sugarcane polyphenol and fiber (Phytolin + Fiber) on gut microbiota, SCFAs production, and phenolic metabolites production were examined using an in vitro digestion and fermentation model. The results showed that Phytolin + Fiber had synergistic effects on the pig gut microbiota, increasing the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Catenibacterium while decreasing the relative abundances of Mogibacterium, Dialister, and Escherichia-Shigella. Phytolin + Fiber also significantly increased the production of total SCFAs, particularly propionic and butyric acids. Tentative identification of phenolic metabolites related to major polyphenols in Phytolin was also achieved. These findings suggest that Phytolin + Fiber may be beneficial for human colon health, considering the similarities between pig and human intestines in terms of physiology and microbiome.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ana-Isabel Mulet-Cabero, Peter J. Wilde
Summary: This review explores the possible mechanisms of calcium in reducing cholesterol, including its interaction with fatty acids and bile acids, and provides clinical evidence. The interaction of calcium with blood lipid metabolism may depend on its multiple roles in lipid digestion in the small intestine and its influence on the solubilization and absorption of cholesterol through its interaction with fatty acids and bile.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Cheng Wang, Cheng Ma, Ke Fu, Yanfang Liu, Lihong Gong, Cheng Peng, Yunxia Li
Summary: The study shows that phillygenin in Forsythiae fructus has hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. By modulating gut microbiota and metabolites, phillygenin can mitigate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis and improve intestinal barrier function.
JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Abdullah Abdo, Chengnan Zhang, Sam Al-Dalali, Yakun Hou, Jie Gao, Mohammed Abdo Yahya, Ali Saleh, Hamzah Aleryani, Zakarya Al-Zamani, Yaxin Sang
Summary: This study evaluated the cholesterol-lowering effect of chitosan-oligosaccharide (COS) in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. COS intervention significantly reduced plasma total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, as well as decreased non-HDL cholesterol and total triacylglycerols levels. Furthermore, COS had beneficial effects on bile acids and gut microflora related to cholesterol metabolism.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Pascual Garcia-Perez, Gianluca Giuberti, Francesco Sestili, Domenico Lafiandra, Ermelinda Botticella, Luigi Lucini
Summary: This study evaluated the nutritional properties of wholegrain flours with different amylose/amylopectin ratios through in vitro starch digestion and large intestine fermentation. High-amylose flours showed higher resistant starch content and lower starch hydrolysis index. Metabolomics analysis revealed distinctive profiles between flours derived from different lines, with peptides, glycerophospholipids, polyphenols, and terpenoids identified as key markers. The high-amylose flour fermentates exhibited a rich bioactive profile, containing stilbenes, carotenoids, and saponins. These findings provide a basis for designing novel functional foods using high-amylose flours.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Mostafa Asadpoor, Georgia-Nefeli Ithakisiou, Paul A. J. Henricks, Roland Pieters, Gert Folkerts, Saskia Braber
Summary: Enterotoxin-producing bacteria disrupt gut homeostasis by secreting enterotoxins, but non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) can inhibit the pathogenicity of these bacteria and reduce the cytotoxicity of enterotoxins, potentially serving as effective agents against enterotoxins.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Zhang-Wei He, Hong-Yu Jin, Yong-Xiang Ren, Wen-Jing Yang, Cong-Cong Tang, Chun-Xue Yang, Ai-Juan Zhou, Wen-Zong Liu, Ai-Jie Wang
Summary: This study proposed a promising approach, stepwise alkaline treatment coupled with ammonia stripping, to enhance short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic digestion. The strategy not only increased SCFAs production significantly, but also achieved nitrogen and carbon recovery, offering solutions for the carbon-neutral operation of wastewater treatment plants.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Prativa Mahato, Rajinikanth Rajagopal, Bernard Goyette, Suman Adhikary
Summary: This study investigates the technical feasibility of low-temperature, closed-loop two-stage anaerobic digesters for treating chicken manure as the sole feedstock. The results show that this technology can efficiently and stably produce methane with economic benefits.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhan-Dong Yang, Yi-Shan Guo, Jun-Sheng Huang, Ya-Fei Gao, Fei Peng, Ri-Yi Xu, Hui-Hui Su, Ping-Jun Zhang
Summary: The study showed that isomaltulose has a positive impact on the composition and functionality of gut microbiota in rats, increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogens, while also enhancing the production of SCFAs and secondary bile acids.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Justin E. Silpe, Emily P. Balskus
Summary: The gut hosts a large number of microbes that significantly impact human health, but our understanding of the chemical compounds they produce and their effects on host biology is still in its early stages. Progress in decoding and manipulating this chemical language with diverse expertise could potentially be the key to combating certain human diseases.
ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Claudia Balderas, Begona de Ancos, Concepcion Sanchez-Moreno
Summary: The intake of onion and apple can increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, promote the production of short-chain fatty acids and decrease the excretion of certain bile acids. This finding is important for further research on the relationship between specific diseases and the microbiome, as well as the formation of fatty acids and bile acids.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Katarzyna Szambelan, Artur Szwengiel, Jacek Nowak, Henryk Jelen, Jakub Frankowski
Summary: This study investigated the effects of using Zymomonas mobilis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of sorghum grain, and replacing half the water with a stillage liquid fraction on ethanol yield and volatile compound synthesis. The results showed that Z. mobilis is more efficient in ethanol production with a shorter fermentation time and lower fermentation temperature. Reusing the liquid fraction of the stillage did not increase the amount of volatile compounds, and there were significant differences in the volatile compounds profile of bacterial and yeast raw distillates.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Laura Bordoni, Anna M. Malinowska, Irene Petracci, Artur Szwengiel, Rosita Gabbianelli, Agata Chmurzynska
Summary: This study explores the potential association between TMA metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics, providing a new avenue for further research.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ida J. Malesza, Joanna Bartkowiak-Wieczorek, Jakub Winkler-Galicki, Aleksandra Nowicka, Dominika Dzieciolowska, Marta Blaszczyk, Paulina Gajniak, Karolina Slowinska, Leszek Niepolski, Jaroslaw Walkowiak, Edyta Madry
Summary: Iron is essential for life, but a lack of it can lead to iron deficiency anemia, affecting around 1.2 billion people worldwide. The main treatment for iron deficiency anemia is iron supplementation, but this can have various side effects. This review explores the physiological mechanisms of iron management and investigates the relationship between iron supplementation, inflammatory status, and changes in gut microbiota.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Emilia Dybska, Jan Krzysztof Nowak, Aleksandra Banaszkiewicz, Anna Szaflarska-Poplawska, Jaroslaw Kierkus, Jaroslaw Kwiecien, Urszula Grzybowska-Chlebowczyk, Jaroslaw Walkowiak
Summary: This study analyzed the relationship between the methylation level of the RUNX3 gene promoter 2 and the characteristics of children with ulcerative colitis (UC). The results showed that the methylation level of RUNX3 promoter 2 was not associated with age, sex, nutritional status, and inflammation level of UC in children.
Editorial Material
Physiology
Karolina Wielgus, Mikolaj Danielewski, Jaroslaw Walkowiak
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dominika Radzikowska-Kujawska, Zuzanna Sawinska, Monika Grzanka, Przemyslaw Lukasz Kowalczewski, Lukasz Sobiech, Stanislaw Switek, Grzegorz Skrzypczak, Agnieszka Drozdzynska, Mariusz Slachcinski, Marcin Nowicki
Summary: New strategies are needed to address the growing human population and its impact on the ecosystem. Organic fertilizers have boosted agricultural production but also increased the ecological burden. One possible solution is the use of environmentally neutral biofertilizers. This study compared the effectiveness of Hermetia illucens frass with commercial cattle manure in cultivating basil under drought conditions. The results showed that biofertilizers improved plant yield and physiological condition, while the use of cattle manure resulted in lower yield and a stronger response to drought. Therefore, using HI frass is a superior strategy to boost output and reduce the effects of drought on basil production.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Agnieszka Drozdzynska, Jolanta Wawrzyniak, Piotr Kubiak, Martyna Przybylak, Wojciech Bialas, Katarzyna Czaczyk
Summary: In this study, the medium composition for the biosynthesis of 1,3-propanediol by Citrobacter freundii AD119 was optimized using the one-factor-at-a-time method and a two-step statistical experimental design. The impact of eleven mineral components was tested, and it was found that MgSO4 and CoCl2 had the most pronounced effect. Carbon and nitrogen sources were also optimized, and it was determined that partial glycerol substitution with other carbon sources did not improve the bioconversion process. Furthermore, a predictive neural network model of C. freundii growth and 1,3-propanediol production was developed to support the design and control of the bioprocess.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anna Lehmann, Kacper Nijakowski, Agnieszka Drozdzynska, Martyna Przybylak, Patryk Wos, Anna Surdacka
Summary: The study focuses on the problem of lowering the pH around a composite filling concerning the polymerization modes and methacrylic acid release. The research found that regardless of the curing mode, all materials showed an increase in methacrylic acid concentration, and only Filtek Bulk Fill material had a close association between increased methacrylic acid release and lower pH. However, further research on composite light-curing is necessary to reduce complications associated with composite fillings.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Mikolaj Danielewski, Joanna Zuraszek, Aleksandra Zielinska, Karl-Heinz Herzig, Ryszard Slomski, Jaroslaw Walkowiak, Karolina Wielgus
Summary: Paleogenetics has undergone significant changes since its inception. Initially, limited molecular techniques hindered ancient DNA analysis. However, advancements in scientific tools, as well as the popularity of this field, have led to remarkable achievements. Breakthroughs in next-generation sequencing technologies and DNA isolation protocols have enabled the sequencing of whole genomes even from highly fragmented aDNA samples.
Article
Pediatrics
Jan Brylak, Jan K. K. Nowak, Mariusz Szczepanik, Magdalena Holubiec, Pawel Kurzawa, Jaroslaw Walkowiak
Summary: In children, there is a positive correlation between blood eosinophil count and colonic eosinophil mucosal density. This association is more pronounced in patients with systemic inflammation and older than 12.4 years.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Urszula Daniluk, Paulina Krawiec, Elzbieta Pac-Kozuchowska, Lukasz Dembinski, Jan Stanislaw Bukowski, Aleksandra Banaszkiewicz, Anna Wozniuk-Kazmierczak, Elzbieta Czkwianianc, Jan Brylak, Jaroslaw Walkowiak, Agnieszka Borys-Iwanicka, Anna Kofla-Dlubacz, Tomasz Pytrus, Katarzyna Zdanowicz, Dariusz Marek Lebensztejn
Summary: The coexistence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with pancreatic pathology is rare in children. A retrospective analysis of data from 1538 children diagnosed with IBD in 2014-2021 found that 11.4% of them had pancreatic involvement (PI), with acute pancreatitis (AP) diagnosed in 43.8% and asymptomatic hyperlipasemia (HL) or hyperamylasemia (HA) observed in 50.0%. Routine monitoring of pancreatic enzymes should be performed in patients with IBD, especially after the initiation of azathioprine (AZA) treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emilia Dybska, Jan Krzysztof Nowak, Jaroslaw Walkowiak
Summary: The study investigates the transcriptomic context of RUNX3 expression in blood monocytes and reveals its strong associations with genes involved in cell growth, signal transduction, and chromosome organization. The findings suggest that RUNX3 plays a role in regulating cell function and immune response.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Gosciniak, Piotr Szulc, Waldemar Zielewicz, Jaroslaw Walkowiak, Judyta Cielecka-Piontek
Summary: Red clover, a raw material with isoflavone content, was studied to evaluate the properties of its leaves and flowers. The study found that the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase, lipase, collagenase and antioxidant activity was not correlated with isoflavone content.
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Kamila Bokayeva, Malgorzata Jamka, Michalina Banaszak, Aleksandra Makarewicz-Bukowska, Ada Adamczak, Maria Chrobot, Adrianna Janicka, Natalia Jaworska, Jaroslaw Walkowiak
Summary: Folic acid may have a positive effect on endothelial function but may not affect arterial stiffness. Further studies are needed to confirm these results.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Malgorzata Jamka, Agata Czochralska-Duszynska, Edyta Madry, Aleksandra Lisowska, Katarzyna Jonczyk-Potoczna, Judyta Cielecka-Piontek, Pawel Bogdanski, Jaroslaw Walkowiak
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CLA supplementation on bone mineral density and content in overweight or obese women. The results showed that three-month CLA supplementation did not improve bone health in this population. However, long-term intervention studies are needed to further investigate the potential benefits of CLA on bone health.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)