Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Aviv Sharon, Hadas Erez, Micha E. Spira
Summary: Microglia play pivotal roles in the central nervous system, and sex differences should be carefully considered.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Assraa Hassan Jassim, Nana Yaa Nsiah, Denise M. Inman
Summary: This study induced ocular hypertension in mice using a novel method and examined the hypoxic conditions in the visual pathway. The research found that hypoxia primarily occurred in different types of cells after OHT, and continued hypoxia may have a negative impact on the progression of glaucoma.
Article
Ophthalmology
Ru Zhao, Tao He, Yiqiao Xing, Jinyuan Luo
Summary: This study finds that COG1410 regulates the state of microglia and protects retinal ganglion cells in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, showing promising potential for the treatment of eye diseases.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Jose Gonzalez-Riquelme, Fernando Lucas-Ruiz, Caridad Galindo-Romero, Raquel Boia, Antonio Francisco Ambrosio, Manuel Vidal-Sanz, Ana Raquel Santiago, Marta Agudo-Barriuso
Summary: This study compares retinal organotypic cultures (ROCs) with in vivo models to study retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and glial activation. The results show that there are significant differences in glial activation between ROCs and in vivo models, with earlier and different morphological activation in ROCs. Additionally, microglial cell density in ROCs is consistently lower than in vivo. ROCs can be used for proof-of-concept studies on neuroprotection, but long-term experiments should be performed in vivo.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Woutje M. Berdowski, Herma C. van der Linde, Marjolein Breur, Nynke Oosterhof, Shanice Beerepoot, Leslie Sanderson, Lieve I. Wijnands, Patrick de Jong, Elisa Tsai-Meu-Chong, Walter de Valk, Moniek de Witte, Wilfred F. J. van IJcken, Jeroen Demmers, Marjo S. van der Knaap, Marianna Bugiani, Nicole I. Wolf, Tjakko J. van Ham
Summary: Tissue-resident macrophages, including microglia, in the brain are involved in the pathogenesis of CNS disorders and can be potential therapeutic targets. Heterozygous variants in CSF1R gene may lead to microglial depletion and adult-onset leukoencephalopathy. Through zebrafish models, it was found that these variants negatively affect the number of microglia in brain development.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Margarete M. Karg, May Moorefield, Emma Hoffmann, Hannah Philipose, Drenushe Krasniqi, Cindy Hoppe, Daisy Y. Shu, Shintaro Shirahama, Bruce R. Ksander, Magali Saint-Geniez
Summary: This study found that as age increases, changes occur in the retina, including the migration of microglia from the inner to outer retina. The study used a drug to deplete microglia in aged mice and discovered that microglia play an important role in preserving visual function and supporting RPE cell function.
Article
Ophthalmology
Jie Fan, Jiali Liu, Jian Liu, Chunhe Chen, Yiannis Koutalos, Craig E. Crosson
Summary: Ceramides can induce RGC cell death directly or indirectly through the release of TNF-alpha from optic nerve head astrocytes. The activity of ASMase in generating ceramides is crucial in ocular hypertensive injury.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Paul F. Cullen, Arpan G. Mazumder, Daniel Sun, John G. Flanagan
Summary: This study presents a novel method for isolating and enriching retinal astrocytes' RNA using enzyme-assisted microdissection and selective ribosome immunoprecipitation. The method is rapid, preserves cell morphology, and minimizes RNA loss.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Elodie Reboussin, Juliette Buffault, Francoise Brignole-Baudouin, Annabelle Reaux-Le Goazigo, Luisa Riancho, Celine Olmiere, Jose-Alain Sahel, Stephane Melik Parsadaniantz, Christophe Baudouin
Summary: This study demonstrated the neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects of MSCs on RGCs in an ex vivo neuroretina explant model. However, co-culture with MSCs led to explant edema and the formation of an epiretinal membrane-like phenotype. The use of MSC secretome may offer the beneficial effects of MSCs without their potential adverse effects through paracrine signaling.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Aviv Sharon, Maciej M. Jankowski, Nava Shmoel, Hadas Erez, Micha E. Spira
Summary: The study showed that microglia might have a redundant role in inflammatory encapsulation, and they do not serve a protective function in the process of microelectrode implantation and neuron degeneration. The prevention of both astrocytes and microglia adhesion to the electrodes is necessary to improve field potential recording quality and yield.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jiwei Jiang, Wenyi Li, Xiaohong Wang, Zhongli Du, Jinlong Chen, Yaou Liu, Wei Li, Zhonghua Lu, Yanli Wang, Jun Xu
Summary: This study describes two novel heterozygous splicing variants of the CSF1R gene in two unrelated Han Chinese families with CSF1R-microglial encephalopathy. The findings highlight the value of pCASL for early detection of this disease.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuan Yin, Shuai Wu, Lingzhi Niu, Shiwei Huang
Summary: This study investigated the molecular mechanism of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage in glaucoma and identified the ZFP42/MARK2 axis as a key regulatory pathway. In vitro cell experiments confirmed that down-regulation of ZFP42 and MARK2 contributed to RGC damage in glaucoma, while overexpression of ZFP42 increased RGC cell viability and reduced cell apoptosis and ROS levels. This research provides insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma and potential therapeutic targets.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna S. Warden, Todd A. Triplett, Aram Lyu, Emily K. Grantham, Moatasem M. Azzam, Adriana DaCosta, Sonia Mason, Yuri A. Blednov, Lauren Ir Ehrlich, R. Dayne Mayfield, R. Adron Harris
Summary: The depletion of microglia does not affect the sedative or hypnotic effects of acute intoxication, nor does it change the escalation or maintenance of chronic voluntary alcohol consumption, indicating that microglia are not the primary effector cell responsible for regulating alcohol behaviors. Instead, the upregulation of alcohol-responsive, reactive astrocyte genes suggests that astrocytes may play a role in regulating these alcohol behaviors. Activation of microglia through repeated immune stimulation blocks escalations in alcohol intake, indicating that microglia regulate drinking behaviors with sufficient immune activation. This study provides insight into the causal and consequential roles of microglia in the transition from alcohol use to dependence.
Article
Cell Biology
James R. Tribble, Elizabeth Kastanaki, A. Bersan Uslular, Carola Rutigliani, Tim J. Enz, Pete A. Williams
Summary: This study demonstrates the potential of valproic acid in reducing retinal neuroinflammation and protecting retinal neurons. Valproic acid effectively reduces microglia and astrocyte inflammatory responses, and prevents the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in injured retina.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Yanying Miao, Guo-Li Zhao, Shuo Cheng, Zhongfeng Wang, Xiong-Li Yang
Summary: Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for neurodegeneration in glaucoma. Glial cells play a crucial role in the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in glaucoma animal models with elevated IOP. Elevated IOP activates Muller cells and leads to gliosis, characterized by proliferation, release of inflammatory and growth factors. Activated Muller cells contribute to RGC degeneration through excitotoxicity, cytotoxic factor release, and microglia activation. Glial cell activation and response in the optic nerve head further aggravate RGC loss through inflammatory factors and changes in the extracellular matrix.
PROGRESS IN RETINAL AND EYE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Hee Joo Choi, Daniel Sun, Tatjana C. Jakobs
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2015)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan H. Berry, Juan Qu, Simon W. M. John, Gareth R. Howell, Tatjana C. Jakobs
Article
Pathology
Shan Gao, Tatjana C. Jakobs
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2016)
Review
Ophthalmology
Cheri Stowell, Claude F. Burgoyne, Ernst R. Tamm, C. Ross Ethier
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2017)
Review
Ophthalmology
Ernst R. Tamm, C. Ross Ethier
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2017)
Article
Immunology
Daniel Sun, Sara Moore, Tatjana C. Jakobs
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
(2017)
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel Sun, Juan Qu, Tatjana C. Jakobs
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juan Qu, Tatjana C. Jakobs
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tatjana C. Jakobs
COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE
(2014)
Article
Ophthalmology
Susannah Waxman, Bryn L. Brazile, Bin Yang, Po-Yi Lee, Yi Hua, Alexandra L. Gogola, Po Lam, Andrew P. Voorhees, Joseph F. Rizzo, Tatjana C. Jakobs, Ian A. Sigal
Summary: The spatial interrelation between vascular and collagen networks in the lamina cribrosa was analyzed. The percentage of collagen beams with/without vessels and the percentage of vessels inside/outside of collagen beams were quantified in 3D. The results showed that the vascular and collagenous networks were clearly distinct in the lamina cribrosa, challenging the traditional notion that each beam contains a vessel and all vessels are within beams.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ying Zhu, Anthony C. Pappas, Rui Wang, Philip Seifert, Daniel Sun, Tatjana C. Jakobs
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2018)
Article
Ophthalmology
Rui Wang, Philip Seifert, Tatjana C. Jakobs
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2017)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hee Joo Choi, Daniel Sun, Tatjana C. Jakobs
Article
Ophthalmology
Ming Lye-Barthel, Daniel Sun, Tatjana C. Jakobs
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2013)
Article
Ophthalmology
He-Yan Li, Li Dong, Xu-Han Shi, Rui-Heng Zhang, Wen-Da Zhou, Hao-Tian Wu, Chu-Yao Yu, Yi-Tong Li, Yi-Fan Li, Jost B. Jonas, Wen-Bin Wei, Yue-Ming Liu
Summary: This study aimed to examine the intraocular tolerability of cetuximab when applied intravitreally, and its effect on axial elongation. The results showed that intravitreal injections of cetuximab could reduce axial elongation in a dose-dependent and number of treatment-dependent manner, without causing intraocular toxic effects.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
James D. Cole, John A. McDaniel, Joelle Nilak, Ashley Ban, Carlos Rodriguez, Zuhaad Hameed, Marta Grannonico, Peter A. Netland, Hu Yang, Ignacio Provencio, Xiaorong Liu
Summary: Aniridia is a panocular condition characterized by the loss of iris, caused mainly by mutations in the PAX6 gene. This study assessed the effects of Pax6-haploinsufficiency on retinal morphology and vision in Pax6Sey mice. The results showed elevated intraocular pressure and declining visual acuity in Pax6Sey mice, along with local retinal damage and a possible neuroinflammatory response.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Subao Jiang, Ning Xia, Francesco Buonfiglio, Elsa W. Boehm, Qi Tang, Norbert Pfeiffer, Dominik Olinger, Huige Li, Adrian Gericke
Summary: This study found that a high-fat diet induces endothelial dysfunction in the ophthalmic artery, leading to impaired vascular function in the eye. The high-fat diet triggers oxidative stress and involves RAGE and NOX2.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Ophthalmology
Mala Upadhyay, Vera L. Bonilha
Summary: The sodium iodate (NaIO3) model is a valuable tool in studying dry AMD and evaluating the retinal structure. Through extensive research, it has been found that the death of RPE cells caused by NaIO3 injection is closely related to vision loss in patients with dry AMD. Therefore, studying NaIO3 can provide insights into the mechanisms of RPE and photoreceptor cell death and contribute to understanding RPE degeneration in AMD.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Vicki Chrysostomou, Katharina C. Bell, Sze Woei Ng, Samyuktha Suresh, Gayathri Karthik, Marion Millet, Yingying Chung, Jonathan G. Crowston
Summary: We present a new experimental model for inducing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and degeneration in mice. This model allows for the reliable induction of RGC dysfunction and loss, with the resilience of the optic nerve being dependent on the age of the animal. The time-defined nature of the functional and structural changes observed in this model will facilitate the study of glial responses and the evaluation of neuroprotective treatments after intraocular pressure (IOP) injury.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)