Review
Neurosciences
Maude Bordeleau, Lourdes Fernandez de Cossio, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Marie-Eve Tremblay
Summary: Providing appropriate quantity and quality of food during pregnancy is crucial for maternal well-being and offspring development. Unhealthy maternal diet has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, particularly those associated with maternal immune activation during gestation. Studies reveal that diet-induced maternal immune activation can lead to neuroinflammation in offspring, impacting their brain development and potentially contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Konstantina Kitsou, Anastasia Kotanidou, Dimitrios Paraskevis, Timokratis Karamitros, Aris Katzourakis, Richard Tedder, Tara Hurst, Spyros Sapounas, Athanassios Kotsinas, Vassilis Gorgoulis, Vana Spoulou, Sotirios Tsiodras, Pagona Lagiou, Gkikas Magiorkinis
Summary: Severe COVID-19 pneumonia is associated with intense inflammatory responses, and research has shown dysregulation of HERVs in BALF samples of COVID-19 patients. Specifically, upregulation of HERV-FRD was observed in the BALF samples, highlighting a potential pathophysiological role in inflammatory pathways in the lungs affected by SARS-CoV-2.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Velda X. Han, Shrujna Patel, Hannah F. Jones, Russell C. Dale
Summary: Maternal inflammation during pregnancy can impact fetal neurodevelopment, increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. In addition to inflammation, epigenetic factors are also recognized to play a role in NDD pathogenesis.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandra Carta, Maria Antonietta Manca, Chiara Scoppola, Elena Rita Simula, Marta Noli, Stefano Ruberto, Marta Conti, Ignazio Roberto Zarbo, Roberto Antonucci, Leonardo A. Sechi, Stefano Sotgiu
Summary: This study investigates the immune profiles of anti-HERV-W, -K and -H-env in children with ASD and their correlation with ASD severity and loss of adaptive abilities. The results show that an upregulation of anti-HERV-W response is associated with impaired social and adaptive competences in ASD children.
Review
Immunology
Velda X. Han, Hannah F. Jones, Shrujna Patel, Shekeeb S. Mohammad, Markus J. Hofer, Sarah Alshammery, Emma Maple-Brown, Wendy Gold, Fabienne Brilot, Russell C. Dale
Summary: Inflammation plays a significant role in neuro-developmental disorders by affecting neuroimmune signaling in the brain, with maternal and child immune responses to environmental stimuli contributing to aberrations. Toll-like receptors are key innate immune sensors activated by inflammatory factors such as maternal gestational infection, obesity, and stress, potentially leading to offspring neurobehavioral abnormalities.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chiara Cipriani, Anna Maria Tartaglione, Martina Giudice, Erica D'Avorio, Vita Petrone, Nicola Toschi, Flavia Chiarotti, Martino Tony Miele, Gemma Calamandrei, Enrico Garaci, Claudia Matteucci, Paola Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Laura Ricceri, Emanuela Balestrieri
Summary: Maternal infections during pregnancy and the consequent maternal immune activation (MIA) are major risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Preclinical models have shown that MIA can lead to ASD-like behavioral abnormalities and altered neuroinflammatory profiles. Abnormal expression of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) has also been identified in neurodevelopmental disorders and is correlated with disease severity. This study aimed to evaluate the transcriptional profile of ERVs and inflammatory mediators in mouse offspring prenatally exposed to Poly I:C, a synthetic double-stranded RNA molecule that mimics viral maternal infection. The findings support the tissue specificity of ERV and ERV-related transcriptional profiles in MIA mice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emilia Carbone, Valeria Buzzelli, Antonia Manduca, Stefano Leone, Alessandro Rava, Viviana Trezza
Summary: Several studies have shown that maternal immune activation (MIA) during certain gestational periods may increase the risk of offspring developing autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders. In this study, rats were exposed to Lipopolysaccharide to mimic MIA, and the offspring were tested for behavioral deficits and inflammatory markers. The results demonstrate that MIA has a negative impact on neurobehavioral development, leading to deficits in communication, social interaction, cognition, and altered inflammatory response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Elisa Guma, Pedro do Couto Bordignon, Gabriel A. Devenyi, Daniel Gallino, Chloe Anastassiadis, Vedrana Cvetkovska, Amadou D. Barry, Emily Snook, Jurgen Germann, Celia M. T. Greenwood, Bratislav Misic, Rosemary C. Bagot, M. Mallar Chakravarty
Summary: This study revealed the differential effects of MIA exposure timing during pregnancy on offspring development. Early exposure resulted in accelerated brain volume increases and behavioral changes, while late exposure had less impact on anatomical and behavioral profiles.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yujie Liang, Hong Yu, Xiaoyin Ke, Darryl Eyles, Ruoyu Sun, Zichen Wang, Saijun Huang, Ling Lin, John J. McGrath, Jianping Lu, Xiaoling Guo, Paul Yao
Summary: This study suggests that vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate autism-related phenotypes induced by maternal diabetes, primarily through epigenetic mechanisms.
ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Janna McLellan, Danielle H. J. Kim, Matthew Bruce, Alexandra Ramirez-Celis, Judy van de Water
Summary: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with multiple etiologies. Maternal immune system dysregulation is a prominent risk factor, and there is emerging evidence for its role as a potential biomarker and pathologically relevant mechanism for ASD development.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Flavia S. Mueller, Joseph Scarborough, Sina M. Schalbetter, Juliet Richetto, Eugene Kim, Amalie Couch, Yohan Yee, Jason P. Lerch, Anthony C. Vernon, Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer, Urs Meyer
Summary: Research has shown that offspring exposed to the same MIA can be divided into different subgroups with significant differences in behavior, transcription, brain networks, and immune spectra. Offspring with a high innate inflammatory cytokine status displayed impairments in social approach and sensorimotor gating in adulthood.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Monojit Debnath, Michael Berk
Summary: The neurodevelopmental origin of schizophrenia is influenced by parental exposure to environmental adversities and alterations in immune and stress-regulatory pathways. Maternal immune activation, induced by maternal infections, has been identified as a key pathway in the development of schizophrenia. However, the role of paternal immune activation and the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. This article highlights the potential mechanisms linking paternal immune activation and the risk of schizophrenia and proposes the possibility of bi-parental immune priming as a risk mechanism. Understanding these mechanisms will have important implications for the etiology and prevention of schizophrenia.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dmitrii Pavlov, Anna Gorlova, Abrar Haque, Carlos Cavalcante, Evgeniy Svirin, Alisa Burova, Elizaveta Grigorieva, Elizaveta Sheveleva, Dmitry Malin, Sofia Efimochkina, Andrey Proshin, Aleksei Umriukhin, Sergey Morozov, Tatyana Strekalova
Summary: Maternal immune activation can have significant effects on a child's life, and the scarcity of valid animal models for studying these disorders has been a major limitation in pre-clinical studies. In this study, the researchers investigated whether a model of 'emotional stress', involving ultrasound exposure, could be a suitable paradigm for maternal stress and promote neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the offspring. The results showed that both the ultrasound-exposed adult females and their female offspring displayed depressive-like behavior and cognitive deficits, comparable to those induced by administration of lipopolysaccharide.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Arafat Hussein Al-Dujaili, Rana Fadhil Mousa, Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Michael Maes
Summary: The study found significantly higher levels of HMGB1, DKK1, IL-6, and CCL11 in SCZ patients. NRTT patients had significantly higher levels of IL-6 and DDKI compared to PRTT and controls, with IL-10 being higher in NRTT than in controls. HMGB1, IL-6, and CCL11 explained a large part of the variance in PHEMN symptoms and formal thought disorders, while most neurocognitive functions were predicted by HMGB1, DDKI, and CCL11.
SCHIZOPHRENIA BULLETIN
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Mary Beth Hall, Daria E. Willis, Elina L. Rodriguez, Jaclyn M. Schwarz
Summary: Epidemiological evidence suggests that maternal infection during early pregnancy increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring, such as autism, ADHD, or schizophrenia. Rodent models of maternal immune activation have been helpful in understanding the neural mechanisms disrupted by such infections. This review summarizes the epidemiological data in humans, discusses rodent models, and emphasizes the importance of considering various factors when studying the impact of maternal immune activation.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Sina M. Schalbetter, Flavia S. Mueller, Joseph Scarborough, Juliet Richetto, Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer, Urs Meyer, Tina Notter
Summary: The study evaluated a new non-invasive drug administration technique, MDA, for oral administration of CNO to activate DREADDs, showing that MDA administration method effectively controlled the dose and timing of CNO activation of DREADDs.
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Urs Meyer
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Joseph Scarborough, Daniele Mattei, Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek, Michael Sand, Roberto Arban, Holger Rosenbrock, Juliet Richetto, Urs Meyer
Summary: BI 409306, a potential treatment for schizophrenia and APS, shows promising effects in mitigating social interaction deficits and amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in a MIA mouse model. Additionally, treatment with BI 409306 during adolescence exhibits preventive effects on adult social interaction deficits.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kateryna Murlanova, Dilorom Begmatova, Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer, Urs Meyer, Mikhail Pletnikov, Albert Pinhasov
Summary: Viral infections during pregnancy may increase the incidence of psychiatric disorders in offspring, possibly due to deleterious effects of maternal immune response on fetal development. Inherited stress sensitivity may lead to immune reactivity heterogeneity, impacting the pathological consequences of maternal immune activation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sina M. Schalbetter, Anina S. von Arx, Natalia Cruz-Ochoa, Kara Dawson, Andranik Ivanov, Flavia S. Mueller, Han-Yu Lin, Rene Amport, Wiebke Mildenberger, Daniele Mattei, Dieter Beule, Csaba Foeldy, Melanie Greter, Tina Notter, Urs Meyer
Summary: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a crucial brain region responsible for cognitive functions. Microglia, the immune cells in the brain, play an important role in the maturation of the PFC during adolescence. Deficiency of prefrontal microglia in adolescence can lead to impairments in cognitive functions associated with the PFC in adulthood.
Article
Neurosciences
Stephanie Raymann, Sina M. Schalbetter, Ron Schaer, Alexandra C. Bernhardt, Flavia S. Mueller, Urs Meyer, Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer
Summary: Prenatal immune activation can have transgenerational effects on brain and behavior, affecting cognitive functions and gene expression patterns across multiple generations. These effects are found to be transmitted through both maternal and paternal lineages and are accompanied by changes in maternal care behavior.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andranik Ivanov, Daniele Mattei, Kathrin Radscheit, Anne-Claire Compagnion, Jan Patrick Pett, Hanspeter Herzel, Rosa Chiara Paolicelli, Monika Piwecka, Urs Meyer, Dieter Beule
Summary: This study quantified the daily expression changes of circRNA in healthy adult animals and found that Cdr1as is highly expressed in the brain and shows dynamic expression changes throughout the LD cycle. The researchers hypothesize that the expression changes of Cdr1as in the SCN are associated with light-induced phase shifts.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Joel Gruchot, Felisa Herrero, Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer, Urs Meyer, Patrick Kuery
Summary: Human endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are retroviral elements integrated into our genome through germline infections and insertions, and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of various disorders, particularly those affecting the central nervous system. Increasing evidence suggests that the induction and expression of ERVs are associated with neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, and a common factor in these disorders is the presence of chronic inflammation. This review discusses the bidirectional relationship between ERV expression and inflammation, and identifies several pathways that contribute to this relationship.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Anina S. von Arx, Kara Dawson, Han-Yu Lin, Daniele Mattei, Tina Notter, Urs Meyer, Sina M. Schalbetter
Summary: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the brain plays an important role in cognitive processes and matures throughout adolescence to early adulthood. Recent research using a mouse model shows that microglia, a type of brain cell, contribute to the maturation of the PFC in males. This study aimed to investigate whether microglia have a similar role in the maturation of the female PFC. The findings demonstrate that transient depletion of microglia during a specific window of adolescence disrupts cognitive functions and synaptic structures in the female PFC.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joel Gruchot, Isabel Lewen, Michael Dietrich, Laura Reiche, Mustafa Sindi, Christina Hecker, Felisa Herrero, Benjamin Charvet, Ulrike Weber-Stadlbauer, Hans-Peter Hartung, Philipp Albrecht, Herve Perron, Urs Meyer, Patrick Kuery
Summary: The encoded envelope protein of human endogenous retrovirus type W (HERV-W) interferes with myelin repair and contributes to cell damage in multiple sclerosis (MS), according to recent research.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Ryad Tamouza, Urs Meyer, Alexandre Lucas, Jean Romain Richard, Irene Nkam, Armand Pinot, Ndilyam Djonouma, Wahid Boukouaci, Benjamin Charvet, Justine Pierquin, Joanna Brunel, Slim Fourati, Christophe Rodriguez, Caroline Barau, Philippe Le Corvoisier, Kawtar El Abdellati, Livia De Picker, Herve Perron, Marion Leboyer
Summary: Epidemiological studies have shown a link between certain infections and an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders. These infections can activate retro-transposable genetic elements (HERV), which in turn impact immune receptors and synaptic plasticity. Recent research has found an association between the HERV-W ENV protein and pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. The COVID-19 pandemic's influence on patients with psychosis spectrum disorders (PSD) was investigated, revealing a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in PSD patients, with HERV-W ENV detected only in seropositive individuals. SARS-CoV-2 infection and HERV-W ENV positivity were found to co-cluster with high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in psychotic patients. These findings suggest a dominant influence of the virus on HERV-W ENV and cytokine expression, and the need for further investigation into the interplay between viral infection and the clinical evolution of PSD patients.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)