Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Loredana Leggio, Greta Paternao, Silvia Vivarelli, Giovanna G. Falzone, Carmela Giachino, Bianca Marchetti, Nunzio Iraci
Summary: The elderly population is expected to increase significantly in the next decade, leading to a rise in age-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease which severely impacts patients' quality of life. Despite 150 years of research, there are still no effective therapies available for PD. Research aims to identify novel biomarkers for early diagnosis and monitoring of therapy efficacy for PD.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Chi-An Cheng, Kuan-Chu Hou, Chen-Wei Hsu, Li-Chiao Chiang
Summary: Proteins localized on the surface or within the lumen of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) play distinct roles in cancer progression. This study introduces an innovative framework for decoding the spatial distribution of EV protein biomarkers, offering unparalleled sensitivity and specificity. This innovation allows for precise quantification of EV protein concentrations in plasma, revolutionizing EV research and showcasing its clinical diagnostic potential.
Review
Immunology
Ke Lv, Yizhuo Wang, Peng Lou, Shuyun Liu, Pingya Zhou, Li Yang, Yanrong Lu, Jingqiu Cheng, Jingping Liu
Summary: Organ fibrosis is a global health challenge and current clinical treatments are inadequate. Native extracellular vesicles (EVs) have shown potential in alleviating fibrosis through various mechanisms, and their therapeutic potency can be enhanced through engineering strategies. This review provides insights into the development and translation of EV-based nanotherapies for clinical applications in the future.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica Valencia, Marta Ferreira, J. Francisco Merino-Torres, Antonio Marcilla, Jose M. Soriano
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein into Lewy bodies. The search for early diagnosis biomarkers is important due to the late manifestation of clinical symptoms. This systematic review explores the potential role of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers for Parkinson's disease, discussing their biochemistry, cargo proteins, and RNA molecules.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Romain Perbet, Valentin Zufferey, Elodie Leroux, Enea Parietti, Jeanne Espourteille, Lucas Culebras, Sylvain Perriot, Renaud Du Pasquier, Severine Begard, Vincent Deramecourt, Nicole Deglon, Nicolas Toni, Luc Buee, Morvane Colin, Kevin Richetin
Summary: Tau protein accumulation in astrocytes is involved in neurodegenerative disorders. The origins of 3R and 4R isoforms of tau in astrocytes remain unclear. This study demonstrates that neurons with accumulated 3R or 4R tau have the ability to transfer tau to astrocytes through extracellular vesicles (EVs). Tau-containing EVs disrupt the mitochondrial system of astrocytes and the damage is more severe with 3R tau-containing EVs. EVs from the brain fluid of tauopathy patients also affect mitochondrial function in astrocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kandarp M. Dave, Donna B. Stolz, Devika S. Manickam
Summary: Mitochondria-containing MVs have shown therapeutic benefits in ischemic stroke and other diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Delivering MV mitochrondia to the BBB has the potential to protect the BBB and neurovascular unit after stroke. However, there are still several milestones that need to be achieved before the clinical use of MV mitochondria delivery.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Eisuke Kanao, Shuntaro Wada, Hiroshi Nishida, Takuya Kubo, Tetsuya Tanigawa, Koshi Imami, Asako Shimoda, Kaori Umezaki, Yoshihiro Sasaki, Kazunari Akiyoshi, Jun Adachi, Koji Otsuka, Yasushi Ishihama
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer vesicles enclosing various biomolecules, showing potential as sensitive biomarkers for disease detection. A novel lectin-based affinity chromatography method is demonstrated to classify EVs based on their glycan structures, utilizing a spongy-like monolithic polymer that allows efficient in situ protein reaction. This approach helps to overcome the obstacle of differing molecular compositions of EVs from same donor cells, showing promise for elucidating their biological functions objectively.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matteo Giovarelli, Anais Serati, Silvia Zecchini, Fabiola Guelfi, Emilio Clementi, Chiara Mando
Summary: High-resolution respirometry (HRR) can provide valuable insights for clinical research and comparative medical studies. Long-term storage protocols for biopsies are needed to preserve mitochondrial activity. This study optimized a cryopreservation protocol for human placenta biopsies, which showed comparable oxygen consumption rate measurements between fresh and cryopreserved specimens.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Margarida Vaz, Tania Soares Martins, Ana Gabriela Henriques
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important in both fundamental and clinical research, serving as key players in disease mechanisms and as diagnostic tools. This article provides an overview of EVs isolation methodologies from different neuronal models and body fluids, with a focus on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chi-Jing Choong, Hideki Mochizuki, Cesar Borlongan
Summary: Mitochondrial dysregulation is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), with mutated genes affecting mitochondrial features. Disruption of mitochondrial quality control and abnormal secretion of mitochondrial contents play a role in PD, and circulating mitochondrial DNAs can elicit inflammatory response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Huiling Xiang, Chun Zhang, Jing Xiong
Summary: Renal diseases have become a significant burden on healthcare systems in many countries, but effective treatments are still lacking. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication and have potential applications in understanding and treating kidney diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shizhen Shen, Zhangjin Shen, Conghui Wang, Xiaodong Wu, Lingfang Wang, Lele Ye, Songfa Zhang, Xiaodong Cheng
Summary: In this study, a method for extracting extracellular vesicles (EVs) from epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) tissues was optimized to investigate the effect of cryopreservation on the phenotypes, contents, and biological functions of the extracted EVs. The results showed that cryopreservation affected the yield and distribution of EVs, but not their morphology or particle mass ratio. The storage of tissues at -80°C increased both small and large EV yields, while the storage of lysates at -80°C decreased large EV yield and increased small EV yield. The cryopreserved EOC tissue retained a high percentage of proteins and miRNAs, and the extracted EVs could promote angiogenesis and invasive migration ability in human endothelial cells. This suggests that cryopreserved EOC tissue has clinical value for studying tissue-derived EVs, especially those related to EV proteins.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lee Ohayon, Xinyi Zhang, Partha Dutta
Summary: Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes and micro-vesicles, play a significant role in cardiovascular diseases by transporting bioactive molecules and impacting target cells and tissues through autocrine and paracrine signaling. They can have both beneficial and detrimental effects on inflammation processes in cardiovascular diseases.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Ke-Lu Li, Hong-Yan Huang, Hui Ren, Xing-Long Yang
Summary: Inflammatory responses involving glial cell activation and immune cell infiltration play a role in Parkinson's disease. Exosomes, as extracellular vesicles, are closely related to these responses. This review focuses on the roles of exosomes in PD-associated inflammation, highlighting their ability to transport toxic alpha-synuclein and trigger neuron-glia communication.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Jiayi Tan, Yu Wen, Ming Li
Summary: Exosomes, a class of extracellular vesicles secreted by cells, have been identified as promising diagnostic biomarkers for various diseases. Current research focuses on developing biosensors for exosomes with improved performance, aiming at practical applications in clinical and point-of-care diagnostics.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Toxicology
Silvia Vivarelli, Chiara Costa, Michele Teodoro, Federica Giambo, Aristidis Michael Tsatsakis, Concettina Fenga
Summary: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major global causes of mortality and morbidity. Unhealthy lifestyle habits are closely associated with NCDs, and improving these habits may help alleviate symptoms and prolong the life expectancy of affected individuals. Polyphenols (PPLs) derived from plants have shown positive results in preventing and treating NCDs and are considered safe.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Magri, Salvatore Antonio Maria Cubisino, Giuseppe Battiato, Cristiana Lucia Rita Lipari, Stefano Conti Nibali, Miriam Wissam Saab, Alessandra Pittala, Angela Maria Amorini, Vito De Pinto, Angela Messina
Summary: Voltage-Dependent Anion-selective Channel isoform 1 (VDAC1) is the most abundant isoform of outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) porins and has various functions, including regulating apoptosis. Despite its lack of direct involvement in mitochondrial respiration, deletion of VDAC1 significantly impacts cell metabolism. In this study, VDAC1 knockout in human cell line HAP1 led to impaired oxygen consumption and reorganization of electron transport chain enzymes, indicating the key role of VDAC1 in regulating mitochondrial metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rossella Salemi, Silvia Vivarelli, Daria Ricci, Marina Scillato, Maria Santagati, Giuseppe Gattuso, Luca Falzone, Massimo Libra
Summary: This study found that LGG-SN has anti-proliferative activity against colon cancer and metastatic melanoma cells and enhances the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. This suggests that LGG could be a new therapeutic approach in oncology to reduce chemotherapy-related side effects and overcome resistance issues, improving the treatment response in cancer patients.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Federica De Gaetano, Angela Scala, Consuelo Celesti, Kim Lambertsen Larsen, Fabio Genovese, Corrado Bongiorno, Loredana Leggio, Nunzio Iraci, Nunzio Iraci, Antonino Mazzaglia, Cinzia Anna Ventura
Summary: In this study, nanoparticles based on ACyD8 were developed for potential intranasal delivery of IDE to treat neurological disorders. The nanoparticles effectively loaded IDE and showed sustained release. In vitro studies demonstrated the lack of toxicity and antioxidant effect of the IDE/ACyD8-NPs on neuronal cells.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gian Marco Leone, Saverio Candido, Alessandro Lavoro, Silvia Vivarelli, Giuseppe Gattuso, Daniela Calina, Massimo Libra, Luca Falzone
Summary: Lung cancer is the second most diagnosed tumor with the highest mortality rate. Recent progress in the treatment of lung cancer includes targeted therapies and immunotherapy, which have been approved in clinical practice. This review discusses the current and ongoing clinical studies on targeted therapies and immune-checkpoint inhibitors for lung cancer, as well as the advantages and limitations of these new therapeutic approaches. Furthermore, the importance of human microbiota as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancer is analyzed. The future research milestones in personalized treatment for lung cancer are expected to consider the genetic landscape, immune background, and individual variables such as patient-specific gut microbial composition.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Raquel Baviera-Munoz, Lidon Carretero-Vilarroig, Nuria Muelas, Rafael Sivera, Pablo Sopena-Novales, Begona Martinez-Sanchis, Isabel Sastre-Bataller, Marina Campins-Romeu, Irene Martinez-Torres, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Jose M. Millan, Teresa Jaijo, Elena Aller, Luis Bataller
Summary: SCA36 is a common cause of hereditary ataxia in Eastern Spain, with a strong founder effect. Its clinical features include hypoacusis, pyramidal signs, lingual fasciculations/atrophy, dystonia, and parkinsonism. SCA36 analysis should be considered as a priority in the study of hereditary ataxia, especially in patients with late onset.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Laura Martinez-Ruiz, Javier Florido, Cesar Rodriguez-Santana, Alba Lopez-Rodrigueza, Ana Guerra-Librero, Beatriz I. Fernandez-Gild, Patricia Garcia-Tarraga, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Felix Oppel, Holger Sudhoff, David Sanchez-Porras, Amadeo Ten-Steve, Jose Fernandez-Martinez, Pilar Gonzalez-Garcia, Iryna Rusanova, Dario Acuna-Castroviejoa, Victor Carriel, Germaine Escames
Summary: The study investigates the mechanisms for increasing melatonin bioavailability in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its potential as an adjuvant to improve cisplatin therapeutic efficacy. The results demonstrate that intratumoral injection of melatonin significantly inhibits tumor progression and enhances the effects of cisplatin.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alejandra Suarez-Carrillo, Monica Alvarez-Cordoba, Ana Romero-Gonzalez, Marta Talaveron-Rey, Suleva Povea-Cabello, Paula Cilleros-Holgado, Rocio Pinero-Perez, Diana Reche-Lopez, David Gomez-Fernandez, Jose Manuel Romero-Dominguez, Manuel Munuera-Cabeza, Antonio Diaz, Susana Gonzalez-Granero, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Jose A. Sanchez-Alcazar
Summary: In this study, autophagic defects and secondary pathological consequences were demonstrated in cellular models derived from patients with WDR45 mutations in beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (BPAN). The study showed that WDR45 mutations impaired autophagy, iron metabolism, and cell bioenergetics. While antioxidants partially improved cellular physiopathology, autophagy and cell bioenergetics remained affected.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Li Wang, Kaifang Pang, Li Zhou, Arantxa Cebrian-Silla, Susana Gonzalez-Granero, Shaohui Wang, Qiuli Bi, Matthew L. White, Brandon Ho, Jiani Li, Tao Li, Yonatan Perez, Eric J. Huang, Ethan A. Winkler, Mercedes F. Paredes, Rothem Kovner, Nenad Sestan, Alex A. Pollen, Pengyuan Liu, Jingjing Li, Xianhua Piao, Jose Manuel Garcia-Verdugo, Arturo Alvarez-Buylla, Zhandong Liu, Arnold R. Kriegstein
Summary: This study generates a cross-species proteomic map of synapse development in the neocortex of human, macaque and mouse. The results show that human PSDs mature slower than other species and contain higher levels of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors in the perinatal period. In addition, PSD proteins can be divided into four modules that exert stage- and cell-type-specific functions. The findings provide insights into the molecular basis and evolutionary changes of synapse maturation.
Article
Cell Biology
Kimberly K. Hoi, Wenlong Xia, Ming Ming Wei, Maria Jose Ulloa Navas, Jose-Manuel Garcia Verdugo, Maxence Nachury, Jeremy F. Reiter, Stephen P. J. Fancy
Summary: Remyelination after white matter injury (WMI) often fails in diseases like multiple sclerosis due to improper recruitment and repopulation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) in lesions. Primary cilia play a crucial role in the OPC response to WMI through the GPCR/cAMP/CREB signaling axis.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Loredana Leggio, Greta Paterno, Silvia Vivarelli, Aurelio Bonasera, Bruno Pignataro, Nunzio Iraci, Giuseppe Arrabito
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in cell-to-cell communication and have potential applications in biomarker discovery and nanotherapeutics. However, current technical limitations hinder their use in clinics. This review explores state-of-the-art analytical technologies that are overcoming these limitations.
Review
Cell Biology
Salvatore Maugeri, Jay Sibbitts, Anna Privitera, Vincenzo Cardaci, Lucia Di Pietro, Loredana Leggio, Nunzio Iraci, Susan M. Lunte, Giuseppe Caruso
Summary: Carnosine, an endogenous dipeptide composed of beta-alanine and L-histidine, possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and other pharmacological activities. It has shown potential as an anti-cancer agent, particularly against breast cancer. However, more studies are needed to fully understand its anti-tumor activity in the context of breast cancer.
