☆ 4.7 Article

Role of heavy metals (copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe) and lithium (Li)) induced neurotoxicity

CHEMOSPHERE (2022)

Journal

CHEMOSPHERE

Volume 301, Issue -, Pages -

Publisher

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD

DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134625

Keywords

Parkinson ?s disease; Heavy metals; Neurodegeneration; Alpha synuclein; Apoptosis; Autophagy

Funding

Indian Council of Medical Research DHR-GIA [GIA/2019/000276/PRCGIA]
Government of India

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Abstract

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Environmental factors, particularly exposure to heavy metals, play a significant role in the development of the disease. The imbalance of heavy metals can impact neuronal function and contribute to neurodegeneration.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the dopamine (DA) neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. PD impairs motor controls symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the dopamine (DA) neuronal loss in the substantia nigra. PD impairs motor controls symptoms such as tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia and postural imbalance gradually along with non-motor problems such as olfactory dysfunction, constipation, sleeping disorder. Though surplus of factors and mechanisms have been recognized, the precise PD etiopathogenesis is not yet implied. Reports suggest that various environmental factors play a crucial role in the causality of the PD cases. Epidemiological studies have reported that heavy metals has a role in causing defects in substantia nigra region of brain in PD. Though the reason is unknown, exposure to heavy metals is reported to be an underlying factor in PD development. Metals are classified as either essential or non-essential, and they have a role in physiological processes such protein modification, electron transport, oxygen transport, redox reactions, and cell adhesion. Excessive metal levels cause oxidative stress, protein misfolding, mitochondrial malfunction, autophagy dysregulation, and apoptosis, among other things. In this review, we check out the link between heavy metals like copper (Cu), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), and lithium (Li) in neurodegeneration, and how it impacts the pathological conditions of PD. In conclusion, increase or decrease in heavy metals involve in regulation of neuronal functions that have an impact on neurodegeneration process. Through this review, we suggest that more research is needed in this stream to bring more novel approaches for either disease modelling

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Controlled Activation of TRPV1 Channels on Microglia to Boost Their Autophagy for Clearance of Alpha-Synuclein and Enhance Therapy of Parkinson's Disease

Jiaxin Yuan, Hanghang Liu, Hao Zhang, Tingting Wang, Qing Zheng, Zhen Li

Summary: This study reports the enhancement of microglial autophagy through the phagocytosis and degradation of alpha-synuclein, leading to improved therapeutic efficacy in Parkinson's disease. By using a rationally designed photothermal nanoagent, the surface TRPV1 channels of microglia are controlled, resulting in the activation of autophagy and clearance of alpha-synuclein. In mouse models, this treatment significantly improves motor ability and restores biomarker levels to those of healthy mice.

ADVANCED MATERIALS (2022)