Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Iman F. Hassan, Thuy Bui
Summary: This article introduces a framework for structural analysis, aiming to help doctors better understand and address the impact of structural and social factors on health in clinical practice. The authors provide four key steps to assist doctors in identifying and addressing structural barriers and social needs faced by patients.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Randall C. Burson, Olivia O. Familusi, Justin T. Clapp
Summary: This study examines the impact of a emerging framework, structural competency, on medical students' and physicians' understanding of societal problems affecting patient health. The findings suggest that while structural competency can improve patient-physician communication and address social needs, it may fall short in shifting physicians' perspectives and addressing the emotional and personal impacts of societal challenges.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael Harvey, Joshua Neff, Kelly R. Knight, Joia S. Mukherjee, Sriram Shamasunder, Phuoc V. Le, Robin Tittle, Yogesh Jain, Hector Carrasco, Daniel Bernal-Serrano, Tinashe Goronga, Seth M. Holmes
Summary: Structural competency is a new framework for training health professionals to recognize and address disease and its unequal distribution as a result of social structures. This paper fills the gap in literature by describing five sub-competencies for structurally competent global health instruction. It draws on relevant literature and the authors' experiences in developing curricula.
GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Danbi Lee, Samantha W. Pollack, Tracy Mroz, Bianca K. Frogner, Susan M. Skillman
Summary: This study aimed to explore the extent to which the Core Competencies on Disability are addressed in medical education programs, as well as the facilitators and barriers to expanding curricular integration. The findings revealed that while many medical schools reported covering most of the Core Competencies, there were limited opportunities for in-depth understanding of disability. Most schools had some engagement with individuals with disabilities, although it was limited. The study highlights the need for better integration of disability competency training within medical school curricula. Rating: 8/10.
MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Peter S. Cahn
Summary: Structural competency is a concept that focuses on developing analytical skills to understand the societal context beyond patient-clinician interactions. This paper argues for the restoration of individual agency in promoting health, highlighting the mutually constituting relationship between structure and agency. It suggests that health professionals can intervene in local sites of power to challenge harmful structures and rewrite norms within health professions education and clinical practice.
ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION
(2023)
Review
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Angela R. Schneider, Tejeswin Sharma, Anindita Bhattacharya, Allison Brown
Summary: This narrative review investigated the relationship between social accountability (SA) and competency-based medical education (CBME). Three main descriptions of the relationship were identified: CBME as a driver for SA, CBME as a mechanism for enhancing medical training to meet SA standards, and CBME as a tool to measure SA through measurable outcomes data.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Luis Carlos Lopes-Junior, Emiliana Bomfim, Milena Floria-Santos
Summary: This study investigated the teaching of genetics and genomics in undergraduate nursing programs in Brazil. Most courses covered genetics, taught mainly by biologists with a focus on molecular biology. Results showed differences in agreement with specific nursing competency standards between instructors and coordinators, with those holding master's and Ph.D. degrees more likely to agree with the standards.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Karen Anderson, Maria Eugenia Calvin Perez, Sonia Covarrubias Kindermann, Susana Jiles Castillo, Julia Paley
Summary: Structural competency is a training approach for health professionals that addresses how social, political, and economic factors affect population health. EPES, developed in Chile during the military dictatorship, pioneered the use of this approach to train community health promoters to tackle common illnesses and analyze underlying causes of poor health. Evaluations show that the training transforms professionals' mindsets but doesn't address the underlying structural issues.
GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mary Alice Scott, John Andazola, Tracy Smith, Alex Castillo Smith, Ivan de la Rosa, Jamie Michael
Summary: In 2019, the Dona Ana Wellness Institute sponsored two trainings in structural competency. Representatives from the institute and the New Mexico Human Services Department attended the trainings and found the structural competency model useful for their health equity work. Based on the trainings, the institute and department developed additional programs and curricula to support health equity work. The article describes how the organizations used the framework to strengthen their existing work and adapt the model to fit their needs, including language changes and incorporating lived experiences.
GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Francisco Ortega, Manuela Rodrigues Mueller
Summary: Brazilian mental health focuses on the social determination model and considers cultural and structural factors in addressing mental and social suffering. This article examines the role of culture and interculturality in mental health practices, as well as the practice of structural competency in mental health training. Interviews with health professionals provide insights into the importance of territorialisation in shaping healthcare training and interventions.
GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Kiriko Maekawa, Sayaka Kotera, Hiroyuki Ohsaki
Summary: This study clarified the competencies of novice medical laboratory scientists based on various expert opinions in Japan. The survey results revealed that novice medical laboratory scientists were expected to have relatively higher main laboratory skill competencies in the 'Preparation and analysis' category than in other categories. Further research is warranted to explore assessment tools by developing a competency scale, thereby helping clarify the differences between ability and correlated factors.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Jane McKenzie-White, Aloysius G. Mubuuke, Sara Westergaard, Ian G. Munabi, Robert C. Bollinger, Robert Opoka, Scovia N. Mbalinda, David Katete, Yukari C. Manabe, Sarah Kiguli
Summary: This study evaluated whether the assessment methods within the MBChB curriculum at Makerere University College of Health Sciences addressed the stated competencies. The study found that CBME was successfully implemented, with almost all established competencies being assessed. Faculty members acknowledged the importance of CBME but expressed the need for further training to improve the implementation of competency-based assessments.
BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jared A. Danielson
Summary: This perspective explores six key assumptions of a competency-based approach to medical-sciences education, as they relate to veterinary medical education. While available research does not unequivocally support all six assumptions, overall the potential benefits of adopting a competency-based approach seem promising for veterinary medical education.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Navdeep S. Sidhu, Kara J. Allen, Nina Civil, Charlotte S. H. Johnstone, Maggie Wong, Jennifer A. Taylor, Katherine Gough, Maurice Hennessy
Summary: This study identified distinct competency domains for educators in healthcare, providing guidance for the development and evaluation of competency frameworks.
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Kristin P. Chaney, Jennifer L. Hodgson
Summary: In recent years, veterinary education has been transitioning to competency-based models, inspired by medical education. Implementing competency-based veterinary education is important but challenging, and maintaining educational quality is crucial during the implementation process.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel W. Belsky, Benjamin W. Domingue, Robbee Wedow, Louise Arseneault, Jason D. Boardman, Avshalom Caspi, Dalton Conley, Jason M. Fletcher, Jeremy Freese, Pamela Herd, Terrie E. Moffitt, Richie Poulton, Kamil Sicinski, Jasmin Wertz, Kathleen Mullan Harris
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benjamin W. Domingue, Daniel W. Belsky, Jason M. Fletcher, Dalton Conley, Jason D. Boardman, Kathleen Mullan Harris
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2018)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dalton Conley, Simone Zhang
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ofer Tchernichovski, Lucas C. Parra, Daniel Fimiarz, Arnon Lotem, Dalton Conley
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2019)
Correction
Genetics & Heredity
Dalton Conley, Mark L. Siegal, Benjamin W. Domingue, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Matthew B. McQueen, Jason D. Boardman
JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ramina Sotoudeh, Kathleen Mullan Harris, Dalton Conley
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tim Johnson, Dalton Conley
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2019)
Article
Biology
Hakhamanesh Mostafavi, Arbel Harpak, Ipsita Agarwal, Dalton Conley, Jonathan K. Pritchard, Molly Przeworski
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dalton Conley, Tim Johnson
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Demography
Zachary Van Winkle, Dalton Conley
Summary: Genetic factors play a role in the complexity of family life trajectories and various family demographic behaviors, with 11% of the total variation in differentiated family sequence complexity attributable to genetic influences. The heritability of certain family demographic indicators, such as age at first birth and first marriage, suggests a potential genetic influence on these outcomes. The study also explores the relationship between genetic contributions and changing social environments over time, finding that while the complexity of fertility and differentiated family trajectories decreased across birth cohorts, the heritability of partnership trajectories remained consistent.
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tim Johnson, Dalton Conley
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Demography
Rebecca Johnson, Ramina Sotoudeh, Dalton Conley
Summary: Genes x environment (GxE) research investigates the outcomes of fertility, health, education, and other factors of interest to demographers, which are influenced by an individual's genetic makeup and social environment. This study introduces a genetic summary measure, variance polygenic scores (vPGSs), as a better tool for studying the gene-environment interplay and plasticity in outcomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martin A. Isungset, Dalton Conley, Henrik D. Zachrisson, Eivind Ystrom, Alexandra Havdahl, Pal R. Njolstad, Torkild Hovde Lyngstad
Summary: Recent research suggests that the influence of genetics on educational outcomes is relatively constant across Western developed societies, while the importance of family environment varies. This study directly measures the impact of child genotype, parental genetic nurture, and parental realized education on educational achievement in Norway, a social democratic country. The findings indicate that in this context, both genetic and environmental associations are similar to those in societies with less robust efforts to mitigate the influence of family background.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Sociology
Asta Breinholt, Dalton Conley
Summary: A growing literature suggests that children have an influence on parents' behavior, including their investments in the children. This study examines the impact of children's genetic propensity for educational success on parenting behavior during early childhood. The results indicate that parents respond differently to their children's genetic disposition towards education, with non-college-educated parents engaging in more reading activities and college-educated parents being less responsive to their children's genetic predisposition.
Article
Demography
Dalton Conley, Ramina Sotoudeh, Thomas Laidley
POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW
(2019)
