“Ecology of fear” in ungulates: Opportunities for improving conservation

Prey tells, large herbivores fear the human ‘super predator’

(2022) Daniel A. Crawford et al.   OECOLOGIA

Broadening the ecology of fear: non-lethal effects arise from diverse responses to predation and parasitism

(2021) D. R. Daversa et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Mismatch Between Risk and Response May Amplify Lethal and Non-lethal Effects of Humans on Wild Animal Populations

(2021) Justine A. Smith et al.   Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

Sampling bias exaggerates a textbook example of a trophic cascade

(2021) Elaine M. Brice et al.   ECOLOGY LETTERS

An applied ecology of fear framework: linking theory to conservation practice

(2020) Kaitlyn M. Gaynor et al.   ANIMAL CONSERVATION

Disassembled Food Webs and Messy Projections: Modern Ungulate Communities in the Face of Unabating Human Population Growth

(2020) Joel Berger et al.   Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

Relative reproductive phenology and synchrony affect neonate survival in a nonprecocial ungulate

(2020) Eric S. Michel et al.   FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY

A tendency to simplify complex systems

(2019) Robert A. Montgomery et al.   BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION

Designing studies of predation risk for improved inference in carnivore-ungulate systems

(2019) Laura R. Prugh et al.   BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION

Reciprocity in restoration ecology: When might large carnivore reintroduction restore ecosystems?

(2019) J.M. Alston et al.   BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION

Non-consumptive effects of predation in large terrestrial mammals: Mapping our knowledge and revealing the tip of the iceberg

(2019) Elise Say-Sallaz et al.   BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION

On how risk and group size interact to influence vigilance

(2019) Guy Beauchamp   BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Evidence for nonconsumptive effects from a large predator in an ungulate prey?

(2018) Benedikt Gehr et al.   BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY

Community consequences of foraging under fear

(2018) Lisa Teckentrup et al.   ECOLOGICAL MODELLING

Quantifying fear effects on prey demography in nature

(2018) Michael J. L. Peers et al.   ECOLOGY

Covariance between predation risk and nutritional preferences confounds interpretations of giving-up density experiments

(2018) Jordan D. McMahon et al.   ECOLOGY

The control of risk hypothesis: reactive vs. proactive antipredator responses and stress-mediated vs. food-mediated costs of response

(2018) Scott Creel   ECOLOGY LETTERS

Predator occurrence and perceived predation risk determine grouping behavior in guanaco (Lama guanicoe )

(2018) Esperanza C. Iranzo et al.   ETHOLOGY

Global trends on reef fishes’ ecology of fear: Flight initiation distance for conservation

(2018) José Anchieta C.C. Nunes et al.   MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH

Mapping the expansion of coyotes (Canis latrans) across North and Central America

(2018) James W. Hody et al.   ZooKeys

Age, seasonality, and correlates of aggression in female Apennine chamois

(2018) Niccolò Fattorini et al.   BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY

Effects of lions on behaviour and endocrine stress in plains zebras

(2017) Stéphanie Périquet et al.   ETHOLOGY

The many faces of fear: a synthesis of the methodological variation in characterizing predation risk

(2017) Remington J. Moll et al.   JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY

Setting an evolutionary trap: could the hider strategy be maladaptive for white-tailed deer?

(2017) M. Colter Chitwood et al.   JOURNAL OF ETHOLOGY

Lions influence the decline and habitat shift of hartebeest in a semiarid savanna

(2017) Caroline C Ng’weno et al.   JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY

Experimentally manipulating the landscape of fear to manage problem animals

(2017) Alex Atkins et al.   JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

Learning from the mistakes of others: How female elk (Cervus elaphus) adjust behaviour with age to avoid hunters

(2017) Henrik Thurfjell et al.   PLoS One

Fear of the human ‘super predator’ reduces feeding time in large carnivores

(2017) Justine A. Smith et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Energy Landscapes and the Landscape of Fear

(2017) Austin J. Gallagher et al.   TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION

Hunting-mediated predator facilitation and superadditive mortality in a European ungulate

(2017) Benedikt Gehr et al.   Ecology and Evolution

The landscape of fear conceptual framework: definition and review of current applications and misuses

(2017) Sonny S. Bleicher   PeerJ

Risky times and risky places interact to affect prey behaviour

(2017) Egil Dröge et al.   Nature Ecology & Evolution

Vigilance adjustments in relation to long- and short term risk in wild fallow deer ( Dama dama )

(2016) Ulrika A. Bergvall et al.   BEHAVIOURAL PROCESSES

Do coyotesCanis latransinfluence occupancy of prey in suburban forest fragments?

(2016) Brandon M. Jones et al.   Current Zoology

Extending the “Ecology of Fear” Beyond Prey: Reciprocal Nonconsumptive Effects Among Competing Aphid Predators

(2016) J. P. Michaud et al.   ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY

Fear, fire, and behaviorally mediated trophic cascades in a frequently burned savanna

(2016) Michael J. Cherry et al.   FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Veterans with PTSD report more weight loss barriers than Veterans with no mental health disorders

(2016) Elizabeth A. Klingaman et al.   GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY

Deer on the lookout: how hunting, hiking and coyotes affect white-tailed deer vigilance

(2016) S. G. Schuttler et al.   JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Between-gender differences in vigilance do not necessarily lead to differences in foraging-vigilance tradeoffs

(2016) Florian Barnier et al.   OECOLOGIA

What is a Trophic Cascade?

(2016) William J. Ripple et al.   TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION

Effects of culling on vigilance behaviour and endogenous stress response of female fallow deer

(2016) I. Pecorella et al.   WILDLIFE RESEARCH

Fear of large carnivores causes a trophic cascade

(2016) Justin P. Suraci et al.   Nature Communications

Do coyotesCanis latransinfluence occupancy of prey in suburban forest fragments?

(2016) Brandon M. Jones et al.   Current Zoology

Can coyote predation risk induce reproduction suppression in white-tailed deer?

(2016) Michael J. Cherry et al.   Ecosphere

Levels of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites do not reflect environmental contrasts across islands in black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis) populations

(2016) Soizic Le Saout et al.   Mammal Research

The Body Size Dependence of Trophic Cascades

(2015) John P. DeLong et al.   AMERICAN NATURALIST

Behavioural responses of ungulates to indirect cues of an ambush predator

(2015) Camilla Wikenros et al.   BEHAVIOUR

Recovery of African wild dogs suppresses prey but does not trigger a trophic cascade

(2015) Adam T. Ford et al.   ECOLOGY

Spatial patterns of African ungulate aggregation reveal complex but limited risk effects from reintroduced carnivores

(2015) Remington J. Moll et al.   ECOLOGY

Plastic response of fearful prey to the spatiotemporal dynamics of predator distribution

(2015) Mathieu Basille et al.   ECOLOGY

Seeing a Ghost? Vigilance and Its Drivers in a Predator-free World

(2015) Soizic Le Saout et al.   ETHOLOGY

Landscape of risk to roe deer imposed by lynx and different human hunting tactics

(2015) Jørgen Kvernhaugen Norum et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH

Trophic cascades from wolves to alders in Yellowstone

(2015) William J. Ripple et al.   FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Prescribed fire affects female white-tailed deer habitat use during summer lactation

(2015) Marcus A. Lashley et al.   FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

White-tailed deer population dynamics and adult female survival in the presence of a novel predator

(2015) Michael C. Chitwood et al.   JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

Natural and experimental tests of trophic cascades: gray wolves and white-tailed deer in a Great Lakes forest

(2015) D. G. Flagel et al.   OECOLOGIA

Impact of DSM-5 PTSD and gender on impaired eating behaviors in 512 Italian earthquake survivors

(2015) Claudia Carmassi et al.   PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH

Trophic Cascades by Large Carnivores: A Case for Strong Inference and Mechanism

(2015) Adam T. Ford et al.   TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION

Variability in Fire Prescriptions to Promote Wildlife Foods in the Longleaf Pine Ecosystem

(2015) Marcus A. Lashley et al.   Fire Ecology

Do Biological and Bedsite Characteristics Influence Survival of Neonatal White-Tailed Deer?

(2015) M. Colter Chitwood et al.   PLoS One

Effects of predation risk on group size, vigilance, and foraging behavior in an African ungulate community

(2014) S. Creel et al.   BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY

Landscape and anthropogenic features influence the use of auditory vigilance by mule deer

(2014) Emma Lynch et al.   BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY

Short-term effects of hunting on naïve black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis): behavioural response and consequences on vegetation growth

(2014) Soizic Le Saout et al.   CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Effects of abundant white-tailed deer on vegetation, animals, mycorrhizal fungi, and soils

(2014) Angela L. Shelton et al.   FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Climate and the landscape of fear in an African savanna

(2014) Corinna Riginos   JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY

The effect of fire on habitat selection of mammalian herbivores: the role of body size and vegetation characteristics

(2014) Stephanie L. Eby et al.   JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY

Coyotes, deer, and wildflowers: diverse evidence points to a trophic cascade

(2014) Nickolas M. Waser et al.   NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN

Testing the risk of predation hypothesis: the influence of recolonizing wolves on habitat use by moose

(2014) Kerry L. Nicholson et al.   OECOLOGIA

The dilemma of foraging herbivores: dealing with food and fear

(2014) Clare McArthur et al.   OECOLOGIA

Living and dying in a multi-predator landscape of fear: roe deer are squeezed by contrasting pattern of predation risk imposed by lynx and humans

(2014) Karen Lone et al.   OIKOS

What Cues Do Ungulates Use to Assess Predation Risk in Dense Temperate Forests?

(2014) Dries P. J. Kuijper et al.   PLoS One

White-Tailed Deer Vigilance: The Influence of Social and Environmental Factors

(2014) Marcus A Lashley et al.   PLoS One

Behavioral Responses Associated with a Human-Mediated Predator Shelter

(2014) Graeme Shannon et al.   PLoS One

Diet quality in a wild grazer declines under the threat of an ambush predator

(2014) F. Barnier et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Confirmation of Coyote Predation on Adult Female White-Tailed Deer in the Southeastern United States

(2014) M. Colter Chitwood et al.   SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST

Landscape of fear in Europe: wolves affect spatial patterns of ungulate browsing in Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland

(2013) D. P. J. Kuijper et al.   ECOGRAPHY

Linking anti-predator behaviour to prey demography reveals limited risk effects of an actively hunting large carnivore

(2013) Arthur D. Middleton et al.   ECOLOGY LETTERS

Trophic cascades from wolves to grizzly bears in Yellowstone

(2013) William J. Ripple et al.   JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY

Hunting for fear: innovating management of human-wildlife conflicts

(2013) Joris P.G.M. Cromsigt et al.   JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY

Activity patterns and temporal avoidance by prey in response to Sunda clouded leopard predation risk

(2013) J. Ross et al.   JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Innate threat-sensitive foraging: black-tailed deer remain more fearful of wolf than of the less dangerous black bear even after 100 years of wolf absence

(2013) Simon Chamaillé-Jammes et al.   OECOLOGIA

Habitat Selection and Risk of Predation: Re-colonization by Lynx had Limited Impact on Habitat Selection by Roe Deer

(2013) Gustaf Samelius et al.   PLoS One

Human Disturbances, Habitat Characteristics and Social Environment Generate Sex-Specific Responses in Vigilance of Mediterranean Mouflon

(2013) Stéphanie Benoist et al.   PLoS One

Concentration of fecal cortisol metabolites in chamois in relation to tourist pressure in Tatra National Park (South Poland)

(2012) Tomasz Zwijacz-Kozica et al.   ACTA THERIOLOGICA

Influence of immediate predation risk by lions on the vigilance of prey of different body size

(2012) S. Périquet et al.   BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY

Large predators limit herbivore densities in northern forest ecosystems

(2012) William J. Ripple et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE RESEARCH

Predator-induced stress and the ecology of fear

(2012) Michael Clinchy et al.   FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY

Reality as the leading cause of stress: rethinking the impact of chronic stress in nature

(2012) Rudy Boonstra   FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY

A framework for managing airport grasslands and birds amidst conflicting priorities

(2012) Bradley F. Blackwell et al.   IBIS

Predation by coyotes on white-tailed deer neonates in South Carolina

(2012) John C. Kilgo et al.   JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT

Effects of Reproductive Status, Social Rank, Sex and Group Size on Vigilance Patterns in Przewalski's Gazelle

(2012) Chunlin Li et al.   PLoS One

Effects of Humans on Behaviour of Wildlife Exceed Those of Natural Predators in a Landscape of Fear

(2012) Simone Ciuti et al.   PLoS One

Fear of Predation Slows Plant-Litter Decomposition

(2012) D. Hawlena et al.   SCIENCE

Ecosystem restoration with teeth: what role for predators?

(2012) Euan G. Ritchie et al.   TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION

Foraging patterns of habitat use reveal landscape of fear of Nubian ibexCapra nubiana

(2012) Cecilia Iribarren et al.   WILDLIFE BIOLOGY

A survey of the effects of wolf predation risk on pregnancy rates and calf recruitment in elk

(2011) Scott Creel et al.   ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

The role of large predators in maintaining riparian plant communities and river morphology

(2011) Robert L. Beschta et al.   GEOMORPHOLOGY

Fear of Parasites: Lone Star Ticks Increase Giving-up Densities in White-Tailed Deer

(2011) Brian F. Allan et al.   Israel Journal of Ecology & Evolution

Detecting predators and locating competitors while foraging: an experimental study of a medium-sized herbivore in an African savanna

(2011) Olivier Pays et al.   OECOLOGIA

Trophic Downgrading of Planet Earth

(2011) James A. Estes et al.   SCIENCE

Legacy of top-down herbivore pressure ricochets back up multiple trophic levels in forest canopies over 30 years

(2011) Tim Nuttle et al.   Ecosphere

Physiological Stress as a Fundamental Mechanism Linking Predation to Ecosystem Functioning

(2010) Dror Hawlena et al.   AMERICAN NATURALIST

Behavioral response races, predator–prey shell games, ecology of fear, and patch use of pumas and their ungulate prey

(2010) John W. Laundré   ECOLOGY

A nutritionally mediated risk effect of wolves on elk

(2010) David Christianson et al.   ECOLOGY

Climate warming and predation risk during herbivore ontogeny

(2010) Brandon T. Barton   ECOLOGY

The ghosts of predators past: population cycles and the role of maternal programming under fluctuating predation risk

(2010) Michael J. Sheriff et al.   ECOLOGY

Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade

(2010) Matthew J. Kauffman et al.   ECOLOGY

Minimizing predation risk in a landscape of multiple predators: effects on the spatial distribution of African ungulates

(2010) Maria Thaker et al.   ECOLOGY

Predator control promotes invasive dominated ecological states

(2010) Arian D. Wallach et al.   ECOLOGY LETTERS

Predator control of ecosystem nutrient dynamics

(2010) Oswald J. Schmitz et al.   ECOLOGY LETTERS

Mexican wolves, elk, and aspen in Arizona: Is there a trophic cascade?

(2010) Robert L. Beschta et al.   FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

Evidence for top predator control of a grazing ecosystem

(2010) Douglas A. Frank   OIKOS

Herbivore physiological response to predation risk and implications for ecosystem nutrient dynamics

(2010) D. Hawlena et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Group-size-dependent association between food profitability, predation risk and distribution of free-ranging bison

(2009) Daniel Fortin et al.   ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

Large predators and trophic cascades in terrestrial ecosystems of the western United States

(2009) Robert L. Beschta et al.   BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION

Wolf presence and increased willow consumption by Yellowstone elk: implications for trophic cascades

(2009) Scott Creel et al.   ECOLOGY

Predator interactions, mesopredator release and biodiversity conservation

(2009) Euan G. Ritchie et al.   ECOLOGY LETTERS

Glucocorticoid stress hormones and the effect of predation risk on elk reproduction

(2009) S. Creel et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Time and space in general models of antipredator response: tests with wolves and elk

(2008) Scott Creel et al.   ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR

SAVANNA TREE DENSITY, HERBIVORES, AND THE HERBACEOUS COMMUNITY: BOTTOM-UP VS. TOP-DOWN EFFECTS

(2008) Corinna Riginos et al.   ECOLOGY

REVISITING THE CLASSICS: CONSIDERING NONCONSUMPTIVE EFFECTS IN TEXTBOOK EXAMPLES OF PREDATOR–PREY INTERACTIONS

(2008) Barbara L. Peckarsky et al.   ECOLOGY

Trophic consequences of postfire logging in a wolf–ungulate system

(2008) M. Hebblewhite et al.   FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT