EGFR Regulates the Hippo pathway by promoting the tyrosine phosphorylation of MOB1

The Hippo pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancer, leading to the unrestrained activity of its downstream targets, YAP/TAZ, and aberrant tumor growth. However, the precise mechanisms leading to YAP/TAZ activation in most cancers is still poorly understood. Analysis of large tissue collections revealed YAP activation in most head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), but only 29.8% of HNSCC cases present genetic alterations in the FAT1 tumor suppressor gene that may underlie persistent YAP signaling. EGFR is overexpressed in HNSCC and many other cancers, but whether EGFR controls YAP activation is still poorly understood. Here, we discover that EGFR activates YAP/TAZ in HNSCC cells, but independently of its typical signaling targets, including PI3K. Mechanistically, we find that EGFR promotes the phosphorylation of MOB1, a core Hippo pathway component, and the inactivation of LATS1/2 independently of MST1/2. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that erlotinib, a clinical EGFR inhibitor, inactivates YAP/TAZ. Remarkably, loss of LATS1/2, resulting in aberrant YAP/TAZ activity, confers erlotinib resistance on HNSCC and lung cancer cells. Our findings suggest that EGFR-YAP/TAZ signaling plays a growth-promoting role in cancers harboring EGFR alterations, and that inhibition of YAP/TAZ in combination with EGFR might be beneficial to prevent treatment resistance and cancer recurrence. Ando et al show in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells that EGFR activation leads to the phosphorylation of the Hippo pathway component, MOB1 to inhibit LATS1/2 function resulting in YAP/TAZ activation. Further, EGFR-targeting therapies suppress YAP/TAZ, and loss of LATS1/2-mediated YAP/TAZ activation confers therapy resistance, thus offering insights into potential drug resistance mechanisms in cancers with activated EGFR.

Automated summary

The Hippo pathway is frequently dysregulated in cancer, leading to unrestrained activity of its downstream targets, YAP/TAZ, and aberrant tumor growth. EGFR activates YAP/TAZ in HNSCC independently of its typical signaling targets, leading to potential drug resistance mechanisms in cancers with activated EGFR. Inhibition of YAP/TAZ in combination with EGFR might be beneficial to prevent treatment resistance and cancer recurrence.