Enhanced Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy through Co-Application of Synergistic Combination Partners
Published 2022 View Full Article
- Home
- Publications
- Publication Search
- Publication Details
Title
Enhanced Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy through Co-Application of Synergistic Combination Partners
Authors
Keywords
-
Journal
Biomedicines
Volume 10, Issue 2, Pages 307
Publisher
MDPI AG
Online
2022-01-29
DOI
10.3390/biomedicines10020307
References
Ask authors/readers for more resources
Related references
Note: Only part of the references are listed.- Idecabtagene Vicleucel in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma
- (2021) Nikhil C. Munshi et al. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
- BAY 60-6583 Enhances the Antitumor Function of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified T Cells Independent of the Adenosine A2b Receptor
- (2021) Jiaxing Tang et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology
- Understanding the Role of T-Cells in the Antimyeloma Effect of Immunomodulatory Drugs
- (2021) Criselle D'Souza et al. Frontiers in Immunology
- Lenalidomide enhances the efficacy of anti-BCMA CAR-T treatment in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a case report and revies of the literature
- (2021) Guoxing Zhao et al. CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
- CAR-T cell therapy: current limitations and potential strategies
- (2021) Robert C. Sterner et al. Blood Cancer Journal
- Targeting Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with Combination Therapy of EGFR CAR T Cells and CDK7 Inhibition
- (2021) Lin Xia et al. Cancer Immunology Research
- Current combinatorial CAR T cell strategies with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors
- (2021) Razan Mohty et al. BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION
- A histone deacetylase inhibitor, panobinostat, enhances chimeric receptor antigen T cell anti-tumor effect against pancreatic cancer
- (2021) Aesha I. Ali et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- Rapamycin pretreatment rescues the bone marrow AML cell elimination capacity of CAR-T cells
- (2021) Zhigang Nian et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- A phase I trial of regional mesothelin-targeted CAR T-cell therapy in patients with malignant pleural disease, in combination with the anti-PD-1 agent pembrolizumab
- (2021) Prasad S Adusumilli et al. Cancer Discovery
- Dual Effects of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors in Combination With CD19.CAR-T Cell Immunotherapy
- (2021) Mingya Yang et al. Frontiers in Immunology
- Strategies to Overcome Failures in T-Cell Immunotherapies by Targeting PI3K-δ and –γ
- (2021) Sanjay Chandrasekaran et al. Frontiers in Immunology
- Combined tumor-directed recruitment and protection from immune suppression enable CAR T cell efficacy in solid tumors
- (2021) Bruno L. Cadilha et al. Science Advances
- T cells armed with C-X-C chemokine receptor type 6 enhance adoptive cell therapy for pancreatic tumours
- (2021) Stefanie Lesch et al. Nature Biomedical Engineering
- BRD4 inhibition boosts the therapeutic effects of epidermal growth factor receptor-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T cells in glioblastoma
- (2021) Lin Xia et al. MOLECULAR THERAPY
- Targeting Wnt Signaling in the Tumor Immune Microenvironment to Enhancing EpCAM CAR T-Cell therapy
- (2021) Weizhen Li et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology
- Feasibility and efficacy of CD19-targeted CAR-T cells with concurrent ibrutinib for CLL after ibrutinib failure
- (2020) Jordan Gauthier et al. BLOOD
- Ex vivo blockade of PI3K gamma or delta signaling enhances the antitumor potency of adoptively transferred CD8 + T cells
- (2020) Connor J. Dwyer et al. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
- KTE-X19 CAR T-Cell Therapy in Relapsed or Refractory Mantle-Cell Lymphoma
- (2020) Michael Wang et al. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
- Inhibition of TGF-β-receptor signaling augments the antitumor function of ROR1-specific CAR T-cells against triple-negative breast cancer
- (2020) Tanja Stüber et al. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
- Galunisertib enhances chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cell function
- (2020) Zhixiong Wang et al. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HISTOCHEMISTRY
- Ibrutinib for improved chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell production for chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
- (2020) Fuli Fan et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
- Synergistic effect of ibrutinib and CD19 CAR‐T cells on Raji cells in vivo and in vitro
- (2020) Meijing Liu et al. CANCER SCIENCE
- Itacitinib (INCB039110), a JAK1 inhibitor, Reduces Cytokines Associated with Cytokine Release Syndrome Induced by CAR T-Cell Therapy
- (2020) Eduardo Huarte et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- Lisocabtagene maraleucel for patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphomas (TRANSCEND NHL 001): a multicentre seamless design study
- (2020) Jeremy S Abramson et al. LANCET
- Clinical activity of axicabtagene ciloleucel in adult patients with Richter syndrome
- (2020) Adam S. Kittai et al. Blood Advances
- Pre-sensitization of Malignant B Cells Through Venetoclax Significantly Improves the Cytotoxic Efficacy of CD19.CAR-T Cells
- (2020) Mingya Yang et al. Frontiers in Immunology
- IL-15-mediated reduction of mTORC1 activity preserves the stem cell memory phenotype of CAR-T cells and confers superior antitumor activity
- (2019) Darya Alizadeh et al. Cancer Immunology Research
- Idelalisib for optimized CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients
- (2019) Sophia Stock et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
- Rapid disease progression following discontinuation of ibrutinib in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia treated in routine clinical practice
- (2019) Paul J. Hampel et al. LEUKEMIA & LYMPHOMA
- Anti-BCMA CAR T-Cell Therapy bb2121 in Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
- (2019) Noopur Raje et al. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
- Pharmacological inhibition of β-catenin/BCL9 interaction overcomes resistance to immune checkpoint blockades by modulating Treg cells
- (2019) M. Feng et al. Science Advances
- Limitations in the Design of Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Cancer Therapy
- (2019) Stefan Stoiber et al. Cells
- Using CRISPR/Cas9 to Knock Out GM-CSF in CAR-T Cells
- (2019) Rosalie M. Sterner et al. Jove-Journal of Visualized Experiments
- CAIX-specific CAR-T Cells and Sunitinib Show Synergistic Effects Against Metastatic Renal Cancer Models
- (2019) Huizhong Li et al. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
- Anti-B-cell maturation antigen chimeric antigen receptor T cell function against multiple myeloma is enhanced in the presence of lenalidomide
- (2019) Melissa Works et al. MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS
- CAR‑T 19 combined with reduced‑dose PD‑1 blockade therapy for treatment of refractory follicular lymphoma: A case report
- (2019) Jia Wang et al. Oncology Letters
- Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Combination With Nivolumab Are Safe and Effective Against Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Non-hodgkin Lymphoma
- (2019) Yaqing Cao et al. Frontiers in Oncology
- A Phase 2, Open-Label, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel in Combination with Either Rituximab or Lenalidomide in Patients with Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma (ZUMA-14)
- (2019) Sattva S Neelapu et al. BLOOD
- ZUMA-11: A Phase 1/2 Multicenter Study of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel (Axi-Cel) + Utomilumab Patients with Refractory Large B Cell Lymphoma
- (2019) Ran Reshef et al. BLOOD
- Combination Immunotherapy with CAR T Cells and Checkpoint Blockade for the Treatment of Solid Tumors
- (2019) Rachel Grosser et al. CANCER CELL
- Optimizing Manufacturing Protocols of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Improved Anticancer Immunotherapy
- (2019) Sophia Stock et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
- Phase I Study of Single-Agent Utomilumab (PF-05082566), a 4-1BB/CD137 Agonist, in Patients with Advanced Cancer
- (2018) Neil H. Segal et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- A guide to manufacturing CAR T cell therapies
- (2018) Philipp Vormittag et al. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
- PI3K orchestration of the in vivo persistence of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells
- (2018) Wenting Zheng et al. LEUKEMIA
- Monocyte-derived IL-1 and IL-6 are differentially required for cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity due to CAR T cells
- (2018) Margherita Norelli et al. NATURE MEDICINE
- CAR T cell–induced cytokine release syndrome is mediated by macrophages and abated by IL-1 blockade
- (2018) Theodoros Giavridis et al. NATURE MEDICINE
- Tisagenlecleucel in Children and Young Adults with B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia
- (2018) Shannon L. Maude et al. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
- CAR-T cells and combination therapies: What’s next in the immunotherapy revolution?
- (2018) Maria C. Ramello et al. PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
- Combination Therapy With Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACi) for the Treatment of Cancer: Achieving the Full Therapeutic Potential of HDACi
- (2018) Amila Suraweera et al. Frontiers in Oncology
- Celecoxib in Cancer Therapy and Prevention – Review
- (2018) Natalia Tolloczko - Iwaniuk et al. CURRENT DRUG TARGETS
- B cell adaptor for PI3-kinase (BCAP) modulates CD8+ effector and memory T cell differentiation
- (2018) Mark D. Singh et al. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE
- Targeted delivery of a PD-1-blocking scFv by CAR-T cells enhances anti-tumor efficacy in vivo
- (2018) Sarwish Rafiq et al. NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
- Tumor Antigen Escape from CAR T-cell Therapy
- (2018) Robbie G. Majzner et al. Cancer Discovery
- GM-CSF inhibition reduces cytokine release syndrome and neuroinflammation but enhances CAR-T cell function in xenografts
- (2018) Rosalie M. Sterner et al. BLOOD
- Tisagenlecleucel in Adult Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
- (2018) Stephen J. Schuster et al. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
- Modulation of PI3K signaling to improve CAR T cell function
- (2018) Wenting Zheng et al. Oncotarget
- Effective Targeting of TAG72+ Peritoneal Ovarian Tumors via Regional Delivery of CAR-Engineered T Cells
- (2018) John P. Murad et al. Frontiers in Immunology
- Targeting the adenosine 2A receptor enhances chimeric antigen receptor T cell efficacy
- (2017) Paul A. Beavis et al. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
- Ibrutinib treatment improves T cell number and function in CLL patients
- (2017) Meixiao Long et al. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
- Durable Molecular Remissions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treated With CD19-Specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Modified T Cells After Failure of Ibrutinib
- (2017) Cameron J. Turtle et al. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
- Incorporation of a hinge domain improves the expansion of chimeric antigen receptor T cells
- (2017) Le Qin et al. Journal of Hematology & Oncology
- CAR T Cells Administered in Combination with Lymphodepletion and PD-1 Inhibition to Patients with Neuroblastoma
- (2017) Andras Heczey et al. MOLECULAR THERAPY
- T-cell invigoration to tumour burden ratio associated with anti-PD-1 response
- (2017) Alexander C. Huang et al. NATURE
- Axicabtagene Ciloleucel CAR T-Cell Therapy in Refractory Large B-Cell Lymphoma
- (2017) Sattva S. Neelapu et al. NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
- PI3Kδ Inhibition Enhances the Antitumor Fitness of Adoptively Transferred CD8+ T Cells
- (2017) Jacob S. Bowers et al. Frontiers in Immunology
- Ex vivo Akt inhibition promotes the generation of potent CD19CAR T cells for adoptive immunotherapy
- (2017) Ryan Urak et al. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
- PD-1 blockade modulates chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified T cells: refueling the CAR
- (2016) Elise A. Chong et al. BLOOD
- Ibrutinib enhances chimeric antigen receptor T-cell engraftment and efficacy in leukemia
- (2016) Joseph A. Fraietta et al. BLOOD
- The Addition of the BTK Inhibitor Ibrutinib to Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (CART19) Improves Responses against Mantle Cell Lymphoma
- (2016) M. Ruella et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- A Pilot Trial of the Combination of Vemurafenib with Adoptive Cell Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
- (2016) Drew C. Deniger et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy Targeting CD19-Positive Leukemia and Lymphoma in the Context of Stem Cell Transplantation
- (2016) Maria-Luisa Schubert et al. HUMAN GENE THERAPY
- Coinhibitory Pathways in the B7-CD28 Ligand-Receptor Family
- (2016) Frank A. Schildberg et al. IMMUNITY
- Human CAR T cells with cell-intrinsic PD-1 checkpoint blockade resist tumor-mediated inhibition
- (2016) Leonid Cherkassky et al. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
- BET bromodomain inhibition enhances T cell persistence and function in adoptive immunotherapy models
- (2016) Yuki Kagoya et al. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
- CD19 CAR–T cells of defined CD4+:CD8+ composition in adult B cell ALL patients
- (2016) Cameron J. Turtle et al. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
- Kinase inhibitor ibrutinib to prevent cytokine-release syndrome after anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells for B-cell neoplasms
- (2016) M Ruella et al. LEUKEMIA
- GD2-specific CAR T Cells Undergo Potent Activation and Deletion Following Antigen Encounter but can be Protected From Activation-induced Cell Death by PD-1 Blockade
- (2016) Tessa Gargett et al. MOLECULAR THERAPY
- PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-1 pathway blockade for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, response biomarkers, and combinations
- (2016) Weiping Zou et al. Science Translational Medicine
- Role of memory T cell subsets for adoptive immunotherapy
- (2016) Dirk H. Busch et al. SEMINARS IN IMMUNOLOGY
- Adaptive resistance to therapeutic PD-1 blockade is associated with upregulation of alternative immune checkpoints
- (2016) Shohei Koyama et al. Nature Communications
- Chimeric antigen receptor T cells secreting anti-PD-L1 antibodies more effectively regress renal cell carcinoma in a humanized mouse model
- (2016) Eloah Rabello Suarez et al. Oncotarget
- Fine-tuning the CAR spacer improves T-cell potency
- (2016) Norihiro Watanabe et al. OncoImmunology
- Lenalidomide enhances myeloma-specific T-cell responsesin vivoandin vitro
- (2016) Isabelle Krämer et al. OncoImmunology
- Catch me if you can: Leukemia Escape after CD19-Directed T Cell Immunotherapies
- (2016) Marco Ruella et al. Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
- Lenalidomide enhances the function of chimeric antigen receptor T cells against the epidermal growth factor receptor variant III by enhancing immune synapses
- (2015) S Kuramitsu et al. CANCER GENE THERAPY
- The BRAF and MEK Inhibitors Dabrafenib and Trametinib: Effects on Immune Function and in Combination with Immunomodulatory Antibodies Targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4
- (2015) L. Liu et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- CAR therapy: the CD19 paradigm
- (2015) Michel Sadelain JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
- BRAF and MEK Inhibition Variably Affect GD2-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-Cell Function In Vitro
- (2015) Tessa Gargett et al. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
- Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells derived from defined CD8+ and CD4+ subsets confer superior antitumor reactivity in vivo
- (2015) D Sommermeyer et al. LEUKEMIA
- Heparanase promotes tumor infiltration and antitumor activity of CAR-redirected T lymphocytes
- (2015) Ignazio Caruana et al. NATURE MEDICINE
- 4-1BB costimulation ameliorates T cell exhaustion induced by tonic signaling of chimeric antigen receptors
- (2015) Adrienne H Long et al. NATURE MEDICINE
- Chimeric antigen receptor T cells persist and induce sustained remissions in relapsed refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- (2015) David L. Porter et al. Science Translational Medicine
- Enhancement of adoptive T cell transfer with single low dose pretreatment of doxorubicin or paclitaxel in mice
- (2015) Fei-Ting Hsu et al. Oncotarget
- Lenalidomide enhances antitumor functions of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells
- (2015) Pavel Otáhal et al. OncoImmunology
- Akt Inhibition Enhances Expansion of Potent Tumor-Specific Lymphocytes with Memory Cell Characteristics
- (2014) J. G. Crompton et al. CANCER RESEARCH
- Multifactorial T-cell Hypofunction That Is Reversible Can Limit the Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Transduced Human T cells in Solid Tumors
- (2014) E. K. Moon et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- The Nonsignaling Extracellular Spacer Domain of Chimeric Antigen Receptors Is Decisive for In Vivo Antitumor Activity
- (2014) M. Hudecek et al. Cancer Immunology Research
- The histone deacetylase inhibitor, LBH589, promotes the systemic cytokine and effector responses of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells
- (2014) Dominique N Lisiero et al. Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
- Ibrutinib is an irreversible molecular inhibitor of ITK driving a Th1-selective pressure in T lymphocytes
- (2013) J. A. Dubovsky et al. BLOOD
- Combining CAR T cells and the Bcl-2 family apoptosis inhibitor ABT-737 for treating B-cell malignancy
- (2013) S C H Karlsson et al. CANCER GENE THERAPY
- Enhanced Effector Responses in Activated CD8+ T Cells Deficient in Diacylglycerol Kinases
- (2013) M. J. Riese et al. CANCER RESEARCH
- Anti-PD-1 Antibody Therapy Potently Enhances the Eradication of Established Tumors By Gene-Modified T Cells
- (2013) L. B. John et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- Of CARs and TRUCKs: chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered with an inducible cytokine to modulate the tumor stroma
- (2013) Markus Chmielewski et al. IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
- HDAC gene expression in pancreatic tumor cell lines following treatment with the HDAC inhibitors panobinostat (LBH589) and trichostatine (TSA)
- (2013) Ouaïssi Mehdi et al. PANCREATOLOGY
- Targeting Fibroblast Activation Protein in Tumor Stroma with Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Can Inhibit Tumor Growth and Augment Host Immunity without Severe Toxicity
- (2013) L.-C. S. Wang et al. Cancer Immunology Research
- Role of PI3K/Akt signaling in memory CD8 T cell differentiation
- (2013) Eui Ho Kim et al. Frontiers in Immunology
- Enhancing immunotherapy using chemotherapy and radiation to modify the tumor microenvironment
- (2013) Michael H Kershaw et al. OncoImmunology
- Targeting of 4-1BB by monoclonal antibody PF-05082566 enhances T-cell function and promotes anti-tumor activity
- (2012) Timothy S. Fisher et al. CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
- BRAF Inhibitor Vemurafenib Improves the Antitumor Activity of Adoptive Cell Immunotherapy
- (2012) Richard C. Koya et al. CANCER RESEARCH
- Inhibition of TGF-β signaling in genetically engineered tumor antigen-reactive T cells significantly enhances tumor treatment efficacy
- (2012) L Zhang et al. GENE THERAPY
- MAP kinase signaling and inhibition in melanoma
- (2012) R J Sullivan et al. ONCOGENE
- A review of the history, properties, and use of the immunomodulatory compound lenalidomide
- (2011) Jerome B. Zeldis et al. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- BET Bromodomain Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy to Target c-Myc
- (2011) Jake E. Delmore et al. CELL
- Expression of a Functional CCR2 Receptor Enhances Tumor Localization and Tumor Eradication by Retargeted Human T cells Expressing a Mesothelin-Specific Chimeric Antibody Receptor
- (2011) E. K. Moon et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- Small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors and their effects on the immune system: implications for cancer treatment
- (2011) Patrick A Ott et al. Immunotherapy
- Reversal of T-cell tolerance in myelodysplastic syndrome through lenalidomide immune modulation
- (2011) J M McDaniel et al. LEUKEMIA
- Combining mTor Inhibitors With Rapamycin-resistant T Cells: A Two-pronged Approach to Tumor Elimination
- (2011) Leslie E Huye et al. MOLECULAR THERAPY
- Selective BRAFV600E Inhibition Enhances T-Cell Recognition of Melanoma without Affecting Lymphocyte Function
- (2010) A. Boni et al. CANCER RESEARCH
- Sorafenib reduces the percentage of tumour infiltrating regulatory T cells in renal cell carcinoma patients
- (2010) Ingrid M.E. Desar et al. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
- The Optimal Antigen Response of Chimeric Antigen Receptors Harboring the CD3 Transmembrane Domain Is Dependent upon Incorporation of the Receptor into the Endogenous TCR/CD3 Complex
- (2010) J. S. Bridgeman et al. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
- Enhanced Tumor Trafficking of GD2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells by Expression of the Chemokine Receptor CCR2b
- (2010) John A. Craddock et al. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
- T Cells Expressing Constitutively Active Akt Resist Multiple Tumor-associated Inhibitory Mechanisms
- (2010) Jiali Sun et al. MOLECULAR THERAPY
- mTOR regulates memory CD8 T-cell differentiation
- (2009) Koichi Araki et al. NATURE
- Pharmacologic Induction of CD8+ T Cell Memory: Better Living Through Chemistry
- (2009) L. Gattinoni et al. Science Translational Medicine
- CS1, a Potential New Therapeutic Antibody Target for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
- (2008) E. D. Hsi et al. CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
- Antitumor Activity of EBV-specific T Lymphocytes Transduced With a Dominant Negative TGF-?? Receptor
- (2008) Aaron E. Foster et al. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY
Discover Peeref hubs
Discuss science. Find collaborators. Network.
Join a conversationAsk a Question. Answer a Question.
Quickly pose questions to the entire community. Debate answers and get clarity on the most important issues facing researchers.
Get Started