Boost Precision Agriculture with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing and Edge Intelligence: A Survey

Semantic segmentation of citrus-orchard using deep neural networks and multispectral UAV-based imagery

(2021) Lucas Prado Osco et al.   PRECISION AGRICULTURE

A Field Weed Density Evaluation Method Based on UAV Imaging and Modified U-Net

(2021) Kunlin Zou et al.   Remote Sensing

Real-Time Detection and Spatial Localization of Insulators for UAV Inspection Based on Binocular Stereo Vision

(2021) Yunpeng Ma et al.   Remote Sensing

Wheat Yellow Rust Detection Using UAV-Based Hyperspectral Technology

(2021) Anting Guo et al.   Remote Sensing

UAV-Based Heating Requirement Determination for Frost Management in Apple Orchard

(2021) Wenan Yuan et al.   Remote Sensing

Growing status observation for oil palm trees using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images

(2021) Juepeng Zheng et al.   ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING

MultEYE: Monitoring System for Real-Time Vehicle Detection, Tracking and Speed Estimation from UAV Imagery on Edge-Computing Platforms

(2021) Navaneeth Balamuralidhar et al.   Remote Sensing

Real-Time Hyperspectral Data Transmission for UAV-Based Acquisition Platforms

(2021) José M. Melián et al.   Remote Sensing

Knowledge Distillation: A Survey

(2021) Jianping Gou et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION

A CNN approach to simultaneously count plants and detect plantation-rows from UAV imagery

(2021) Lucas Prado Osco et al.   ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING

Real-time recognition of spraying area for UAV sprayers using a deep learning approach

(2021) Shahbaz Khan et al.   PLoS One

A real-time deep learning forest fire monitoring algorithm based on an improved Pruned + KD model

(2021) Shengying Wang et al.   Journal of Real-Time Image Processing

A Review of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Low-Altitude Remote Sensing (UAV-LARS) Use in Agricultural Monitoring in China

(2021) Haidong Zhang et al.   Remote Sensing

A UAV Open Dataset of Rice Paddies for Deep Learning Practice

(2021) Ming-Der Yang et al.   Remote Sensing

A Technical Study on UAV Characteristics for Precision Agriculture Applications and Associated Practical Challenges

(2021) Nadia Delavarpour et al.   Remote Sensing

Optimized Deep Learning Model as a Basis for Fast UAV Mapping of Weed Species in Winter Wheat Crops

(2021) Tibor de Camargo et al.   Remote Sensing

VAGADRONE: Intelligent and Fully Automatic Drone Based on Raspberry Pi and Android

(2021) Saifeddine Benhadhria et al.   Applied Sciences-Basel

Real-Time On-Board Deep Learning Fault Detection for Autonomous UAV Inspections

(2021) Naeem Ayoub et al.   Electronics

Drone and sensor technology for sustainable weed management: a review

(2021) Marco Esposito et al.   Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture

Crop type mapping by using transfer learning

(2021) Artur Nowakowski et al.   International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation

Light-weight UAV object tracking network based on strategy gradient and attention mechanism

(2021) Xia Hua et al.   KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS

Development of a Light-Weight Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Precision Agriculture

(2021) Uchechi F. Ukaegbu et al.   SENSORS

Detection of Banana Plants Using Multi-Temporal Multispectral UAV Imagery

(2021) Aaron Aeberli et al.   Remote Sensing

A Low-Cost, Low-Power and Real-Time Image Detector for Grape Leaf Esca Disease Based on a Compressed CNN

(2021) Laura Falaschetti et al.   IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems

A comprehensive survey on model compression and acceleration

(2020) Tejalal Choudhary et al.   ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REVIEW

Deep learning versus Object-based Image Analysis (OBIA) in weed mapping of UAV imagery

(2020) Huasheng Huang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING

A robust spectral-spatial approach to identifying heterogeneous crops using remote sensing imagery with high spectral and spatial resolutions

(2020) Ji Zhao et al.   REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT

Advanced UAV–WSN System for Intelligent Monitoring in Precision Agriculture

(2020) Dan Popescu et al.   SENSORS

UAV Landing Using Computer Vision Techniques for Human Detection

(2020) David Safadinho et al.   SENSORS

Real-Time Detection of Ground Objects Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing with Deep Learning: Application in Excavator Detection for Pipeline Safety

(2020) Lingxuan Meng et al.   Remote Sensing

Detection of Maize Tassels from UAV RGB Imagery with Faster R-CNN

(2020) Yunling Liu et al.   Remote Sensing

Wheat Growth Monitoring and Yield Estimation based on Multi-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

(2020) Zhaopeng Fu et al.   Remote Sensing

A compilation of UAV applications for precision agriculture

(2020) Panagiotis Radoglou-Grammatikis et al.   Computer Networks

Deep learning techniques for estimation of the yield and size of citrus fruits using a UAV

(2020) O.E. Apolo-Apolo et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF AGRONOMY

Above-ground biomass estimation and yield prediction in potato by using UAV-based RGB and hyperspectral imaging

(2020) Bo Li et al.   ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING

Applications of Deep Learning for Dense Scenes Analysis in Agriculture: A Review

(2020) Qian Zhang et al.   SENSORS

Segmenting Purple Rapeseed Leaves in the Field from UAV RGB Imagery Using Deep Learning as an Auxiliary Means for Nitrogen Stress Detection

(2020) Jian Zhang et al.   Remote Sensing

Applications of UAV Thermal Imagery in Precision Agriculture: State of the Art and Future Research Outlook

(2020) Gaetano Messina et al.   Remote Sensing

Review: Cost-Effective Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Platform for Field Plant Breeding Application

(2020) GyuJin Jang et al.   Remote Sensing

Multi-Temporal Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing for Vegetable Mapping Using an Attention-Based Recurrent Convolutional Neural Network

(2020) Quanlong Feng et al.   Remote Sensing

Recognition of diseased Pinus trees in UAV images using deep learning and AdaBoost classifier

(2020) Gensheng Hu et al.   BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

Agroview: Cloud-based application to process, analyze and visualize UAV-collected data for precision agriculture applications utilizing artificial intelligence

(2020) Yiannis Ampatzidis et al.   COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE

Vine disease detection in UAV multispectral images using optimized image registration and deep learning segmentation approach

(2020) Mohamed Kerkech et al.   COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE

Comparison of Object Detection and Patch-Based Classification Deep Learning Models on Mid- to Late-Season Weed Detection in UAV Imagery

(2020) Arun Narenthiran Veeranampalayam Sivakumar et al.   Remote Sensing

Wheat Lodging Detection from UAS Imagery Using Machine Learning Algorithms

(2020) Zhao Zhang et al.   Remote Sensing

A Cloud-Based Environment for Generating Yield Estimation Maps From Apple Orchards Using UAV Imagery and a Deep Learning Technique

(2020) Orly Enrique Apolo-Apolo et al.   Frontiers in Plant Science

Dynamic Topology Reconstruction Protocol for UAV Swarm Networking

(2020) Minsoo Park et al.   Symmetry-Basel

Instance segmentation for the fine detection of crop and weed plants by precision agricultural robots

(2020) Julien Champ et al.   Applications in Plant Sciences

Edge Intelligence: The Confluence of Edge Computing and Artificial Intelligence

(2020) Shuiguang Deng et al.   IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Training instance segmentation neural network with synthetic datasets for crop seed phenotyping

(2020) Yosuke Toda et al.   Communications Biology

Analysis of Plant Height Changes of Lodged Maize Using UAV-LiDAR Data

(2020) Longfei Zhou et al.   Agriculture-Basel

Crop yield prediction using machine learning: A systematic literature review

(2020) Thomas van Klompenburg et al.   COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE

Fine-scale prediction of biomass and leaf nitrogen content in sugarcane using UAV LiDAR and multispectral imaging

(2020) Yuri Shendryk et al.   International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation

Mapping Crop Types in Southeast India with Smartphone Crowdsourcing and Deep Learning

(2020) Sherrie Wang et al.   Remote Sensing

VddNet: Vine Disease Detection Network Based on Multispectral Images and Depth Map

(2020) Mohamed Kerkech et al.   Remote Sensing

Automatic Detection of Maize Tassels from UAV Images by Combining Random Forest Classifier and VGG16

(2020) Xuli Zan et al.   Remote Sensing

UAV Framework for Autonomous Onboard Navigation and People/Object Detection in Cluttered Indoor Environments

(2020) Juan Sandino et al.   Remote Sensing

Meta-Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Imagery for Agro-Environmental Monitoring Using Machine Learning and Statistical Models

(2020) Roghieh Eskandari et al.   Remote Sensing

Deep Learning Models Compression for Agricultural Plants

(2020) Arnauld Nzegha Fountsop et al.   Applied Sciences-Basel

Lightweight Semantic Segmentation Network for Real-Time Weed Mapping Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

(2020) Jizhong Deng et al.   Applied Sciences-Basel

Review of the State of the Art of Deep Learning for Plant Diseases: A Broad Analysis and Discussion

(2020) Reem Ibrahim Hasan et al.   Plants-Basel

Detection and classification of soybean pests using deep learning with UAV images

(2020) Everton Castelão Tetila et al.   COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE

Adaptive autonomous UAV scouting for rice lodging assessment using edge computing with deep learning EDANet

(2020) Ming-Der Yang et al.   COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE

Establishing a model to predict the single boll weight of cotton in northern Xinjiang by using high resolution UAV remote sensing data

(2020) Weicheng Xu et al.   COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE

WHU-Hi: UAV-borne hyperspectral with high spatial resolution (H2) benchmark datasets and classifier for precise crop identification based on deep convolutional neural network with CRF

(2020) Yanfei Zhong et al.   REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT

CNN-Based Tree Species Classification Using High Resolution RGB Image Data from Automated UAV Observations

(2020) Sebastian Egli et al.   Remote Sensing

Augmenting Crop Detection for Precision Agriculture with Deep Visual Transfer Learning—A Case Study of Bale Detection

(2020) Wei Zhao et al.   Remote Sensing

Identification and Grading of Maize Drought on RGB Images of UAV Based on Improved U-Net

(2020) Chang Liu et al.   IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

Collaborative Cloud-Edge-End Task Offloading in Mobile-Edge Computing Networks With Limited Communication Capability

(2020) Caihong Kai et al.   IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking

Learning Geometric Features for Improving the Automatic Detection of Citrus Plantation Rows in UAV Images

(2020) Laura Elena Cue La Rosa et al.   IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

Automatic Counting of in situ Rice Seedlings from UAV Images Based on a Deep Fully Convolutional Neural Network

(2019) Jintao Wu et al.   Remote Sensing

UAV-Based High Throughput Phenotyping in Citrus Utilizing Multispectral Imaging and Artificial Intelligence

(2019) Yiannis Ampatzidis et al.   Remote Sensing

Research advances of SAR remote sensing for agriculture applications: A review

(2019) Chang-an LIU et al.   Journal of Integrative Agriculture

DeepWeeds: A Multiclass Weed Species Image Dataset for Deep Learning

(2019) Alex Olsen et al.   Scientific Reports

Estimating the nitrogen nutrition index in grass seed crops using a UAV-mounted multispectral camera

(2019) Hui Wang et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING

Deep convolutional neural networks for rice grain yield estimation at the ripening stage using UAV-based remotely sensed images

(2019) Qi Yang et al.   FIELD CROPS RESEARCH

A Novel Spatio-Temporal FCN-LSTM Network for Recognizing Various Crop Types Using Multi-Temporal Radar Images

(2019) Nima Teimouri et al.   Remote Sensing

A Real-Time Tree Crown Detection Approach for Large-Scale Remote Sensing Images on FPGAs

(2019) Weijia Li et al.   Remote Sensing

Rapid Mosaicking of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Images for Crop Growth Monitoring Using the SIFT Algorithm

(2019) Jianqing Zhao et al.   Remote Sensing

Combining UAV-based hyperspectral imagery and machine learning algorithms for soil moisture content monitoring

(2019) Xiangyu Ge et al.   PeerJ

Detection of Helminthosporium Leaf Blotch Disease Based on UAV Imagery

(2019) Huasheng Huang et al.   Applied Sciences-Basel

Multitask learning for large-scale semantic change detection

(2019) Rodrigo Caye Daudt et al.   COMPUTER VISION AND IMAGE UNDERSTANDING

Deep learning in remote sensing applications: A meta-analysis and review

(2019) Lei Ma et al.   ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING

Real-time implementation of moving object detection in UAV videos using GPUs

(2019) Deepak Jaiswal et al.   Journal of Real-Time Image Processing

A Deep Learning-Based Approach for Automated Yellow Rust Disease Detection from High-Resolution Hyperspectral UAV Images

(2019) Xin Zhang et al.   Remote Sensing

UAV-Based Remote Sensing Technique to Detect Citrus Canker Disease Utilizing Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning

(2019) Jaafar Abdulridha et al.   Remote Sensing

Strawberry Yield Prediction Based on a Deep Neural Network Using High-Resolution Aerial Orthoimages

(2019) Yang Chen et al.   Remote Sensing

Application of Deep Learning in Food: A Review

(2019) Lei Zhou et al.   COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY

Edge computing: A survey

(2019) Wazir Zada Khan et al.   Future Generation Computer Systems-The International Journal of eScience

High-Performance Time-Series Quantitative Retrieval From Satellite Images on a GPU Cluster

(2019) Jia Liu et al.   IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

Deep Learning With Edge Computing: A Review

(2019) Jiasi Chen et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE

Edge Intelligence: Paving the Last Mile of Artificial Intelligence With Edge Computing

(2019) Zhi Zhou et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE

Quantitative Phenotyping of Northern Leaf Blight in UAV Images Using Deep Learning

(2019) Ethan L. Stewart et al.   Remote Sensing

Deep Learning for Soil and Crop Segmentation from Remotely Sensed Data

(2019) Jack Dyson et al.   Remote Sensing

SAR-to-Optical Image Translation Based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks—Optimization, Opportunities and Limits

(2019) Mario Fuentes Reyes et al.   Remote Sensing

Hyperspectral imaging and neural networks to classify herbicide-resistant weeds

(2019) Bryan Scherrer et al.   Journal of Applied Remote Sensing

Eyes in the Skies: A Data-Driven Fusion Approach to Identifying Drug Crops From Remote Sensing Images

(2019) Anselmo Ferreira et al.   IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

A convolutional neural network approach for counting and geolocating citrus-trees in UAV multispectral imagery

(2019) Lucas Prado Osco et al.   ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING

Soybean yield prediction from UAV using multimodal data fusion and deep learning

(2019) Maitiniyazi Maimaitijiang et al.   REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT

Proposal for an Embedded System Architecture Using a GNDVI Algorithm to Support UAV-Based Agrochemical Spraying

(2019) Maik Basso et al.   SENSORS

Finer Classification of Crops by Fusing UAV Images and Sentinel-2A Data

(2019) Licheng Zhao et al.   Remote Sensing

Millimeter-Level Plant Disease Detection From Aerial Photographs via Deep Learning and Crowdsourced Data

(2019) Tyr Wiesner-Hanks et al.   Frontiers in Plant Science

Automatic Recognition of Soybean Leaf Diseases Using UAV Images and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

(2019) Everton Castelao Tetila et al.   IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

Effective and efficient agricultural drainage pipe mapping with UAS thermal infrared imagery: A case study

(2018) Barry Allred et al.   AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT

Deep learning in agriculture: A survey

(2018) Andreas Kamilaris et al.   COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE

A novel approach for vegetation classification using UAV-based hyperspectral imaging

(2018) Tetsuro Ishida et al.   COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE

Automatic Tobacco Plant Detection in UAV Images via Deep Neural Networks

(2018) Zhun Fan et al.   IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing

Early season weed mapping in rice crops using multi-spectral UAV data

(2018) Daniela Stroppiana et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING

A review of the use of convolutional neural networks in agriculture

(2018) A. Kamilaris et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

A fully convolutional network for weed mapping of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery

(2018) Huasheng Huang et al.   PLoS One

Using Deep Learning and Low-Cost RGB and Thermal Cameras to Detect Pedestrians in Aerial Images Captured by Multirotor UAV

(2018) Diulhio de Oliveira et al.   SENSORS

Use of Multi-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Radioactive Source Search

(2018) Bai Li et al.   Remote Sensing

A review of the use of convolutional neural networks in agriculture

(2018) A. Kamilaris et al.   JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE

UAV-based multispectral remote sensing for precision agriculture: A comparison between different cameras

(2018) Lei Deng et al.   ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING

A video-based object detection and tracking system for weight sensitive UAVs

(2018) Karam M. Abughalieh et al.   MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS

Deep Recurrent Neural Network for Agricultural Classification using multitemporal SAR Sentinel-1 for Camargue, France

(2018) Emile Ndikumana et al.   Remote Sensing

WeedMap: A Large-Scale Semantic Weed Mapping Framework Using Aerial Multispectral Imaging and Deep Neural Network for Precision Farming

(2018) Inkyu Sa et al.   Remote Sensing

Wheat yellow rust monitoring by learning from multispectral UAV aerial imagery

(2018) Jinya Su et al.   COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE

A Vision-Based Approach to UAV Detection and Tracking in Cooperative Applications

(2018) Roberto Opromolla et al.   SENSORS

Perspectives for Remote Sensing with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Precision Agriculture

(2018) Wouter H. Maes et al.   TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE

Deep Learning with Unsupervised Data Labeling for Weed Detection in Line Crops in UAV Images

(2018) M Bah et al.   Remote Sensing

On the Potentiality of UAV Multispectral Imagery to Detect Flavescence dorée and Grapevine Trunk Diseases

(2018) Johanna Albetis et al.   Remote Sensing

Deep Learning Classification of Land Cover and Crop Types Using Remote Sensing Data

(2017) Nataliia Kussul et al.   IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

Flying IoT: Toward Low-Power Vision in the Sky

(2017) Hasan Genc et al.   IEEE MICRO

UAS, sensors, and data processing in agroforestry: a review towards practical applications

(2017) Luís Pádua et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING

Predicting grain yield in rice using multi-temporal vegetation indices from UAV-based multispectral and digital imagery

(2017) X. Zhou et al.   ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING

Deep convolutional neural network for classifying Fusarium wilt of radish from unmanned aerial vehicles

(2017) Jin Gwan Ha et al.   Journal of Applied Remote Sensing

Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

(2017) Vivienne Sze et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE

Development of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne Crop-Growth Monitoring System

(2017) Jun Ni et al.   SENSORS

Designing and Testing a UAV Mapping System for Agricultural Field Surveying

(2017) Martin Christiansen et al.   SENSORS

Support vector machine-based open crop model (SBOCM): Case of rice production in China

(2017) Ying-xue Su et al.   SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Significant Remote Sensing Vegetation Indices: A Review of Developments and Applications

(2017) Jinru Xue et al.   Journal of Sensors

Accurate prediction of sugarcane yield using a random forest algorithm

(2016) Yvette Everingham et al.   Agronomy for Sustainable Development

Survey on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks for Civil Applications: A Communications Viewpoint

(2016) Samira Hayat et al.   IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials

Accelerating Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Classification and Detection

(2016) Xiangyu Zhang et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE

Fine-Tuning of UAV Control Rules for Spraying Pesticides on Crop Fields: An Approach for Dynamic Environments

(2016) Bruno S. Faiçal et al.   International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools

Vision Based Displacement Detection for Stabilized UAV Control on Cloud Server

(2016) Hyeok-June Jeong et al.   Mobile Information Systems

Edge Computing: Vision and Challenges

(2016) Weisong Shi et al.   IEEE Internet of Things Journal

Low Latency Geo-distributed Data Analytics

(2015) Qifan Pu et al.   ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review

Deep learning

(2015) Yann LeCun et al.   NATURE

Network-centric performance analysis of runtime application migration in mobile cloud computing

(2015) Ejaz Ahmed et al.   SIMULATION MODELLING PRACTICE AND THEORY

Nonconventional Weed Management Strategies for Modern Agriculture

(2015) Ali A. Bajwa et al.   WEED SCIENCE

Low Latency Geo-distributed Data Analytics

(2015) Qifan Pu et al.   ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review

The Pascal Visual Object Classes Challenge: A Retrospective

(2014) Mark Everingham et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER VISION

Twenty five years of remote sensing in precision agriculture: Key advances and remaining knowledge gaps

(2012) David J. Mulla   BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING

A Real-Time Method to Detect and Track Moving Objects (DATMO) from Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) Using a Single Camera

(2012) Gonzalo R. Rodríguez-Canosa et al.   Remote Sensing

A Survey on Transfer Learning

(2009) Sinno Jialin Pan et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON KNOWLEDGE AND DATA ENGINEERING

Thermal infrared remote sensing for urban climate and environmental studies: Methods, applications, and trends

(2009) Qihao Weng   ISPRS JOURNAL OF PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING