Article
Plant Sciences
Louis Krieger, Stanislaus J. Schymanski
Summary: Plant hydraulic conductivity and its decline under water stress are the main focus of current research. This paper presents two methods for measuring hydraulic conductivity under more natural conditions. Both methods use suction to pull water through plant samples and monitor the flow rate and pressure gradients. The results show a positive correlation between changes in flow rate and hydraulic conductivity.
Review
Cell Biology
Mohammad Ikbal Choudhury, Morgan A. Benson, Sean X. Sun
Summary: Active fluid transport between cells plays an important role in tissue morphogenesis, driven by directional transport of ions and osmotic gradients. The physics of this process is described by the osmotic engine model, also underlying cell migration. Recent experiments have measured the trans-epithelial fluid flux and hydraulic pressure gradient in various cellular and tissue systems. Hydraulic forces generated by active fluid pumping are crucial for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. The analogy between cellular fluidic pumps and a connected network of water pumps in a city highlights the importance of optimal pump efficiency in a dynamic and adaptive transport network.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Francisco J. Canales, Nicolas Rispail, Omar Garcia-Tejera, Vicent Arbona, Alejandro Perez-de-Luque, Elena Prats
Summary: Drought is a significant constraint to crop productivity worldwide, and controlling plant responses to drought is complex. Different species or genotypes may employ different strategies to cope with drought, with susceptible genotypes showing rapid increases in abscisic acid leading to stomatal closure, while resistant genotypes exhibit slower increases in abscisic acid, allowing for longer transpiration periods.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Wakana A. Azuma, Kiyosada Kawai, Tomoko Tanabe, Ryo Nakahata, Tsutom Hiura
Summary: The study examines the variation in leaf and whole-tree traits of Japanese cedar trees with different geographical variations, demonstrating that whole-tree properties play a key role in regulating the growth characteristics of adult trees, rather than leaf properties. The research also finds that organ-level resource use strategies are coupled with each other, and the hydraulic architecture at the whole-tree level is linked to leaf distribution and water transport capacity, leading to differences in growth characteristics among different geographic origins.
ECOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yingying Lu, Wieland Fricke
Summary: Salt stress affects plant water flow differently during day and night, and this study investigates how it impacts root hydraulic properties. Wheat plants grown in hydroponics were subjected to various levels of salt stress, and it was found that the hydraulic conductivity of cortex cells in the root was affected by salt stress in a differential manner during day and night. The activity of aquaporins was identified as a key factor in mediating the response to salt stress.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Mechanical
Yan Wang, Tongsheng Shen, Chunsen Tan, Jian Fu, Shengrong Guo
Summary: This paper analyzes the mechanism, harm, and suppression method of pressure pulsation in hydraulic systems. It describes the classification and characteristics of pulsation attenuators and proposes simulation design technologies, matching methods with airborne piston pumps, and preliminary design methods of pulsation attenuators. Finally, it prospects the development trend of pulsation attenuators.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ibrahim Bourbia, Christopher Lucani, Timothy J. Brodribb
Summary: The water potential and shrinkage of leaves are linearly related to transpiration rate in irrigated plants, providing the potential to monitor transpiration using optical methods. By continuously monitoring tissue shrinkage and stem water potential, it is possible to accurately monitor plant transpiration. This technique enables continuous monitoring of plant hydration and transpiration in a variety of plant species.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Romy Rehschuh, Nadine K. Ruehr
Summary: Forests are affected by heatwaves and drought, impacting water and carbon cycling. In this study, researchers investigated the response of Scots pine seedlings to heat and drought-heat stress. They found that in the heat treatment, transpiration increased to mitigate leaf heating, while in the drought-heat treatment, transpiration ceased and leaf temperatures reached high levels. The hydraulic system was largely affected by drought-heat, resulting in stem diameter shrinkage and decreased leaf hydraulic conductance. Recovery was faster in the heat treatment compared to the drought-heat treatment, with incomplete hydraulic recovery in the latter. This incomplete recovery could limit evaporative cooling capacities and carbon uptake in repeated heatwaves.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kazuhiro Abe, Tomohiro Nishizawa, Pablo Artigas
Summary: The structures of NKA and ngHKA have similar features, but there are differences that contribute to their functional divergence. These pumps can switch between two conformations and differ in their transported substrates and stoichiometries. The structures of ngHKA mutants were found to be similar to NKA structures under specific conditions. This finding provides important insights into the molecular mechanism of E2-E1 transition and cooperative sodium binding.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Linmin Shang, Jingwei Cao, Zhengwei Wang, Xiaobing Liu
Summary: The flow characteristics of a variable-speed pump turbine were studied under two typical pumping modes, and the results were compared with experimental data. The research findings showed that the pump turbine's stability was poorer and should be avoided under certain conditions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sarah Tepler Drobnitch, Louise H. Comas, Nora Flynn, Jorge Ibarra Caballero, Ryan W. Barton, Joshua Wenz, Taylor Person, Julie Bushey, Courtney E. Jahn, Sean M. Gleason
Summary: Root pressure is a mechanism that increases crop production under drought conditions, possibly related to root allocation and gene regulation. In six genotypes of Sorghum bicolor, root pressure promotes adaptation by regulating the ratio of fine: coarse root length and shoot biomass production. Using RNA-Seq, genes for aquaporins, membrane transporters, and ATPases were identified as potential regulators of positive xylem pressure in root tissue.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zhibin Hao, Wenbin Li, Xiaomie Hao
Summary: Instantaneous electrical responses in plants have been widely studied, but the mechanism of spontaneous, periodic electric potential alternations in the xylem of tree trunks remains controversial. The generation of the electric potential can be explained by the electrode potential, which depends on ion concentrations near electrodes. However, several different hypotheses about its periodic variations have been proposed, including streaming potential, ion diffusion, charge transport, and oxygen turnover.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ling Bai, Yang Yang, Ling Zhou, Yuanzhe Li, Yu Xiao, Weidong Shi
Summary: This study investigates the impact of impeller meridian profile on the hydraulic performance of electric submersible pumps (ESP). By using the Taguchi approach, 27 schemes were designed and the linear relationship between the meridional parameters and optimization targets was analyzed. The results indicate that the design of the intersection line of the front and rear shrouds in the impeller meridian has a significant effect on ESP performance, with the optimized model showing improvements in both efficiency and head.
Article
Forestry
Ping Liu, Wenting He, Hongxu Wei, Shiyu Hu, Yiming Zhou, Yutao Wang
Summary: Poplar plantations in semi-arid areas can adapt to drought stress, and the water adaptation strategies of different stand ages vary. In this study, hydraulic traits of Populus simonii Carr. individuals of different stand ages were investigated, and the results showed that wood density can be used as a proxy for hydraulic safety monitoring. Young and middle-aged populations of Populus simonii are more adaptable to drought conditions than near-mature populations.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jose Carlos Herrera, Tadeja Savi, Joseph Mattocks, Federica De Berardinis, Susanne Scheffknecht, Peter Hietz, Sabine Rosner, Astrid Forneck
Summary: Plant stress experiments are commonly conducted in containers to control environmental conditions, but the container volume can affect plant growth and development. In drought experiments with grapevines, plants in different container sizes showed differences in physiological responses, highlighting the importance of considering container volume in experimental design for unbiased results.
PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM
(2021)