Article
Energy & Fuels
Can Ruan, Zhuoyao He, Xiaoxing Feng, Pei He, Xianzhi Gao, Linqi Zhang, Jie Jiang, Yong Qian, Xingcai Lu
Summary: The effects of axial spark location on flame and flow dynamics in a kerosene-fueled gas turbine model combustor were investigated. The location of the ignitor played a significant role in determining the transient evolutions of the flame and flow field during ignition.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jun Goto, Yoshimitsu Kobashi, Yusuke Matsumura, Gen Shibata, Hideyuki Ogawa, Naoyoshi Kuragaki
Summary: The influence of hydrogen addition on spark knock characteristics was investigated, and it was found that hydrogen addition can advance the knock limit, but the effect is weaker at higher engine speeds. Chemical analyses showed that hydrogen addition reduces the heat release rate during low temperature oxidation stage, but increases it at higher temperatures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
R. Novella, J. Gomez-Soriano, P. J. Martinez-Hernandiz, C. Libert, F. Rampanarivo
Summary: The passive pre-chamber ignition concept is effective in increasing ignition energy and combustion velocity, while reducing emissions. However, the system may be limited under certain operating conditions and requires design optimization. Numerical studies and experimental testing can help improve pre-chamber design and enhance engine performance.
Review
Thermodynamics
Kristian Ronn, Andre Swarts, Vickey Kalaskar, Terry Alger, Rupali Tripathi, Juha Keskivali, Ossi Kaario, Annukka Santasalo-Aarnio, Rolf Reitz, Martti Larmi
Summary: The introduction of downsized, turbocharged Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines in the automotive market has led to an increase in research on Low-speed Pre-ignition (LSPI) and super-knock within the last decade. LSPI is characterized by early ignition of fuel-air mixture, while super-knock is an occasional development from pre-ignition to high intensity knocking through detonation. Experimental research has included detailed approaches using different setups, and fuel and lubricant surrogates have allowed for modeling of various aspects of the phenomena. This paper provides a comprehensive review of LSPI and super-knock, discusses experimental methodologies, and suggests mitigating strategies based on fuel, oil, and engine parameters.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Thermodynamics
James P. Szybist, Stephen Busch, Robert L. McCormick, Josh A. Pihl, Derek A. Splitter, Matthew A. Ratcliff, Christopher P. Kolodziej, John M. E. Storey, Melanie Moses-DeBusk, David Vuilleumier, Magnus Sjoberg, C. Scott Sluder, Toby Rockstroh, Paul Miles
Summary: The Co-Optimization of Fuels and Engines (Co-Optima) initiative aims to maximize energy efficiency and renewable fuel utilization by developing fuels and engines together. The Central Fuel Property Hypothesis (CFPH) is used to assess the potential benefits of candidate fuels regardless of their chemical composition. A thermodynamic-based assessment quantifies how six individual fuel properties can affect efficiency in spark-ignition (SI) engines, leading to a unified merit function for assessing the fuel property-based efficiency potential of fuels with conventional and unconventional compositions.
PROGRESS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Michelangelo Balmelli, Raphael Farber, Laura Merotto, Patrik Soltic, Davide Bleiner, Christian M. Franck, Juergen Biela
Summary: This study investigates the influence of pulse shape and rise rate on breakdown voltage, finding that under pulsed discharge, the breakdown voltage is always higher than the static breakdown voltage. The probability of pulsed discharge breakdown increases with higher pulse amplitudes and durations, and the delay time between static and actual breakdown voltages decreases with increasing overvoltage. The pulse rise rate should be high for ignition purposes, and a short pulse duration is recommended for reduced electrode erosion.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Muhammad Usman, Talha Khan, Fahid Riaz, Muhammad Ali Ijaz Malik, Muhammad Tahir Amjad, Muhammad Haris Shah, Waqar Muhammad Ashraf, Jaroslaw Krzywanski, Wojciech Nowak
Summary: The study examines the influence of acetone-gasoline blend (A10) on lubricant oil deterioration and engine performance. Compared to pure gasoline (G), A10 showed higher brake power and thermal efficiency, lower fuel consumption, and reduced CO, CO2, and HC emissions. However, A10 led to greater oil deterioration, with decreased flash-point, kinematic viscosity, and total base number, and increased metallic particle concentration and decreased performance additives compared to gasoline. The lubricant oil for A10 exhibited higher levels of water molecules and metal particles.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Christian Wouters, Patrick Burkardt, Fabian Steeger, Maximilian Fleischmann, Stefan Pischinger
Summary: Using methanol as a fuel in spark-ignition engines can lead to defossilization and offer improved efficiency and emission benefits compared to gasoline. This study explored the mixture formation and combustion performance of methanol in a spark-ignition engine and found that methanol exhibited comparable spray characteristics to gasoline but required longer injection duration due to its lower energy content. Methanol also showed higher net indicated efficiencies and extended lean-burn limits compared to gasoline.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Fratita, Florin Popescu, Jorge Martins, F. P. Brito, Tiago Costa, Ion Ion
Summary: Water injection in internal combustion engines is primarily used for additional cooling and knock suppression, with potential for enhancing engine performance. Studies have focused on maximum load performance, but results for water injection at medium and low loads are inconsistent. This study monitored the effects of water injection at medium loads.
Article
Thermodynamics
Teresa Castiglione, Luigi Falbo, Diego Perrone, Sergio Bova
Summary: This research explores the use of on-demand cooling to mitigate knocking in spark-ignition engines, achieved through the introduction of an electrically driven pump and the identification of suitable cooling control strategies. Experimental results show that controlling the coolant flow rate can delay knocking onset by over one minute, allowing for more efficient increase in torque and efficiency under conditions favorable to knocking.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Ashraf Elfasakhany
Summary: This paper presents the current state of using biofuels in spark ignition engines (SIE), highlighting ethanol and methanol as promising options despite their drawbacks. The study suggests that dual-blended biofuels are expected to be the next generation of biofuels for SIE.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ponnya Hlaing, Manuel Echeverri Marquez, Emre Cenker, Hong G. Im, Bengt Johansson, James W. G. Turner
Summary: The pre-chamber combustion concept (PCC) shows potential for improving combustion stability and engine efficiency, and the throat area is a critical factor in determining its performance.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yuhan Huang, Nic C. Surawski, Yuan Zhuang, John L. Zhou, Guang Hong
Summary: Dual injection engines, using renewable fuels such as ethanol, methanol and hydrogen, have advantages including greater control flexibility, knock mitigation, engine downsizing, extended lean-burn limits, higher thermal efficiency and reductions of several emission species. Each renewable fuel targets different advantages of dual injection, with alcohol-gasoline dual injection providing anti-knock ability and hydrogen-gasoline dual injection extending lean-burn limits. Dual injection generally demonstrates higher thermal efficiency than single injection and effectively reduces particulate emissions.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Eshan Singh, Namho Kim, David Vuilleumier, Scott Skeen, Emre Cenker, Magnus Sjoberg, Lyle Pickett
Summary: This study investigates the sources of particulate matter (PM) from a direct-injected spark-ignition (DISI) engine. It finds that PM formation is mainly attributed to poor mixture formation caused by different fuel components and distillation curves. The experiments demonstrate that the PM emissions of the engine are consistent with their sooting tendency. The study further explores the different soot generation sources resulting from variations in fuel spray characteristics.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Vyoma Singh, Birupaksha Pal, Tushar Jain
Summary: The study focuses on developing a new integrated state and parameter estimation algorithm for solving control and monitoring issues of automotive engines. The algorithm is based on the constrained unscented Kalman filter and the improved recursive least square technique specifically for spark ignition engines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMS SCIENCE
(2021)