An update on the use of cerebrospinal fluid analysis as a diagnostic tool in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis: assay of free immunoglobulin light chains

(2017) DB Ramsden   ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

(2016) Ji-Qing Chen et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS

Upper reference limits for cerebrospinal fluid total protein and albumin quotient based on a large cohort of control patients: implications for increased clinical specificity

(2016) Harald Hegen et al.   CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE

Is accuracy of serum free light chain measurement achievable?

(2016) Joannes F.M. Jacobs et al.   CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE

Quantitation of intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis - a new empirical formula

(2016) M. Auer et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Detection of intrathecal immunoglobulin G synthesis by capillary isoelectric focusing immunoassay in oligoclonal band negative multiple sclerosis

(2016) Steffen Halbgebauer et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Intrathecal lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM synthesis associates with retinal axonal loss in multiple sclerosis

(2016) José C. Álvarez-Cermeño et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Oral fingolimod in primary progressive multiple sclerosis (INFORMS): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

(2016) Fred Lublin et al.   LANCET

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders: evolving pathophysiologic insights

(2016) Amit Bar-Or   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Elevated CSF neurofilament proteins predict brain atrophy: A 15-year follow-up study

(2016) Axel Petzold et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Deregulation of microRNA-181c in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with clinically isolated syndrome is associated with early conversion to relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

(2016) Jonas Ahlbrecht et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Abnormal galactosylation of immunoglobulin G in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients

(2016) Yann Decker et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in 228 patients

(2016) Diederik L.H. Koelman et al.   NEUROLOGY

Neurofilament light chain level is a weak risk factor for the development of MS

(2016) Georgina Arrambide et al.   NEUROLOGY

Distinct oligoclonal band antibodies in multiple sclerosis recognize ubiquitous self-proteins

(2016) Simone M. Brändle et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Elevated CSF neurofilament proteins predict brain atrophy: A 15-year follow-up study

(2016) Axel Petzold et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Deregulation of microRNA-181c in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with clinically isolated syndrome is associated with early conversion to relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis

(2016) Jonas Ahlbrecht et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Abnormal galactosylation of immunoglobulin G in cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients

(2016) Yann Decker et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Lipid-specific immunoglobulin M bands in cerebrospinal fluid are associated with a reduced risk of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during treatment with natalizumab

(2015) Luisa M. Villar et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Clinical and pathological insights into the dynamic nature of the white matter multiple sclerosis plaque

(2015) Josa M. Frischer et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Oligoclonal bands predict multiple sclerosis in children with optic neuritis

(2015) Nicole Heussinger et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

No prognostic value of routine cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in a population-based cohort of 407 multiple sclerosis patients

(2015) Madlyne Becker et al.   BMC Neurology

Genetic variants are major determinants of CSF antibody levels in multiple sclerosis

(2015) An Goris et al.   BRAIN

Chitinase 3-like 1: prognostic biomarker in clinically isolated syndromes

(2015) Ester Cantó et al.   BRAIN

The natural course of clinically isolated syndrome in pediatric patients

(2015) Cha Gon Lee et al.   BRAIN & DEVELOPMENT

Oligoclonal bands and increased cytokine levels in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

(2015) Güneş Altıokka-Uzun et al.   CEPHALALGIA

Assessment of the reproducibility of oligoclonal IgM band detection for its application in daily clinical practice

(2015) M. Espiño et al.   CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA

Ectopic lymphoid follicles: inducible centres for generating antigen-specific immune responses within tissues

(2015) Gareth W. Jones et al.   IMMUNOLOGY

A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial fluid and macromolecules

(2015) Aleksanteri Aspelund et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Clinical significance of the number of oligoclonal bands in patients with clinically isolated syndromes

(2015) Gloria Dalla Costa et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Pro-inflammatory pattern of IgG1 Fc glycosylation in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid

(2015) Manfred Wuhrer et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

The prognostic value of CSF neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis at 15-year follow-up

(2015) A. Petzold   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Treatment of progressive multiple sclerosis: what works, what does not, and what is needed

(2015) Anthony Feinstein et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Increased albumin quotient (QAlb) in patients after first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis is associated with development of brain atrophy and greater disability 48 months later

(2015) Tomas Uher et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Validation of kappa free light chains as a diagnostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome: A multicenter study

(2015) Stefan Presslauer et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: A large multicentre study

(2015) J Kuhle et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatic vessels

(2015) Antoine Louveau et al.   NATURE

Body fluid biomarkers for multiple sclerosis—the long road to clinical application

(2015) Charlotte E. Teunissen et al.   Nature Reviews Neurology

International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders

(2015) Dean M. Wingerchuk et al.   NEUROLOGY

Increased albumin quotient (QAlb) in patients after first clinical event suggestive of multiple sclerosis is associated with development of brain atrophy and greater disability 48 months later

(2015) Tomas Uher et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Validation of kappa free light chains as a diagnostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndrome: A multicenter study

(2015) Stefan Presslauer et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Conversion from clinically isolated syndrome to multiple sclerosis: A large multicentre study

(2015) J Kuhle et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Optimizing therapy early in multiple sclerosis: An evidence-based view

(2015) Tjalf Ziemssen et al.   Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

Biomarkers of Inflammation and Axonal Degeneration/Damage in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Sclerosis: Contributions of the Soluble CD163 CSF/Serum Ratio to a Biomarker Panel

(2015) Morten Stilund et al.   PLoS One

Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentration of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains in Clinically Isolated Syndrome with Conversion to Multiple Sclerosis

(2015) Gleb Makshakov et al.   PLoS One

Oligoclonal restriction of antiviral immunoreaction in oligoclonal band-negative MS patients

(2014) O. Stich et al.   ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA

Immunoglobulin M oligoclonal bands: Biomarker of targetable inflammation in primary progressive multiple sclerosis

(2014) Luisa M. Villar et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Intrathecal somatic hypermutation of IgM in multiple sclerosis and neuroinflammation

(2014) Eduardo Beltrán et al.   BRAIN

Cerebrospinal fluid immunological biomarkers associated with axonal damage in multiple sclerosis

(2014) L. M. Villar et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Elevated antibody reactivity to measles virus NCORE protein among patients with multiple sclerosis and their healthy siblings with intrathecal oligoclonal immunoglobulin G production

(2014) Linn Persson et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY

Sperm-Associated Antigen 16 Is a Novel Target of the Humoral Autoimmune Response in Multiple Sclerosis

(2014) Laura de Bock et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

High sensitivity and specificity of elevated cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains in suspected multiple sclerosis

(2014) G. Hassan-Smith et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Multiple sclerosis patients lacking oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid have less global and regional brain atrophy

(2014) Daniel Ferreira et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Modelling the natural history of primary progressive multiple sclerosis

(2014) Katharine E Harding et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Effects of natalizumab on oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients: A longitudinal study

(2014) R Mancuso et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Immunoglobulin class-switched B cells form an active immune axis between CNS and periphery in multiple sclerosis

(2014) A. Palanichamy et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Circulating MicroRNAs as biomarkers for disease staging in multiple sclerosis

(2013) Roopali Gandhi et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

In multiple sclerosis, oligoclonal bands connect to peripheral B-cell responses

(2013) Jaishree Bankoti et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Free light chain monomer–dimer patterns in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

(2013) Batia Kaplan et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS

Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal IgM bands predict early conversion to clinically definite multiple sclerosis in patients with Clinically Isolated Syndrome

(2013) Diana Ferraro et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Intrathecal oligoclonal IgG synthesis in multiple sclerosis

(2013) Axel Petzold   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Long-term impact of interferon beta-1b in patients with CIS: 8-year follow-up of BENEFIT

(2013) G. Edan et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis and clinically isolated syndromes: a meta-analysis of prevalence, prognosis and effect of latitude

(2013) R. Dobson et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis reactive against two herpesviruses and association with magnetic resonance imaging findings

(2013) JO Virtanen et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Oligoclonal bands and age at onset correlate with genetic risk score in multiple sclerosis

(2013) Hanne F Harbo et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

CSF oligoclonal bands are important in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, unreasonably downplayed by the McDonald Criteria 2010: Commentary

(2013) Michael Hutchinson   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands are important in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, unreasonably downplayed by the McDonald criteria 2010: Yes

(2013) Magnhild Sandberg-Wollheim et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

CSF oligoclonal bands are important in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, unreasonably downplayed by the McDonald Criteria 2010: No

(2013) Carmen Tur et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Postinfectious neurologic syndromes: A prospective cohort study

(2013) E. Marchioni et al.   NEUROLOGY

Association of Genetic Markers with CSF Oligoclonal Bands in Multiple Sclerosis Patients

(2013) Maurizio A. Leone et al.   PLoS One

Immunological Markers of Optimal Response to Natalizumab in Multiple Sclerosis

(2012) Luisa M. Villar   ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY

Challenges in multi-plex and mono-plex platforms for the discovery of inflammatory profiles in neurodegenerative diseases

(2012) Arjan Malekzadeh et al.   METHODS

Cerebrospinal fluid parameters of B cell-related activity in patients with active disease during natalizumab therapy

(2012) A Harrer et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Oligoclonal bands and cerebrospinal fluid markers in multiple sclerosis: associations with disease course and progression

(2012) Pedro Lourenco et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis patients: worse prognosis?

(2012) J I Rojas* et al.   NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH

"Undiagnosing" multiple sclerosis: The challenge of misdiagnosis in MS

(2012) A. J. Solomon et al.   NEUROLOGY

Regulated microRNAs in the CSF of patients with multiple sclerosis: A case-control study

(2012) A. Haghikia et al.   NEUROLOGY

Multiple sclerosis or multiple possibilities: The continuing problem of misdiagnosis

(2012) R. A. Rudick et al.   NEUROLOGY

DRB1*03:01 Haplotypes: Differential Contribution to Multiple Sclerosis Risk and Specific Association with the Presence of Intrathecal IgM Bands

(2012) Emilio G. de la Concha et al.   PLoS One

A Paravascular Pathway Facilitates CSF Flow Through the Brain Parenchyma and the Clearance of Interstitial Solutes, Including Amyloid  

(2012) J. J. Iliff et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 Revisions to the McDonald criteria

(2011) Chris H. Polman et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation following high-dose immunosuppressive therapy for advanced multiple sclerosis: long-term results

(2011) J D Bowen et al.   BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

Diagnostic Strategy Used To Establish Etiologies of Encephalitis in a Prospective Cohort of Patients in England

(2011) H. E. Ambrose et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Long term lymphocyte reconstitution after alemtuzumab treatment of multiple sclerosis

(2011) Grant A Hill-Cawthorne et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Latitude is significantly associated with the prevalence of multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis

(2011) S. Simpson et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Disappearance of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands after natalizumab treatment of multiple sclerosis patients

(2011) Felipe von Glehn et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Long-lived autoreactive plasma cells drive persistent autoimmune inflammation

(2011) Falk Hiepe et al.   Nature Reviews Rheumatology

Differential effects of fingolimod (FTY720) on immune cells in the CSF and blood of patients with MS

(2011) M. C. Kowarik et al.   NEUROLOGY

Brain atrophy and lesion load are related to CSF lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal bands in clinically isolated syndromes

(2011) Maria José Magraner et al.   NEURORADIOLOGY

Accuracy of diagnostic tests in multiple sclerosis - a systematic review

(2010) N. Schäffler et al.   ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA

Changes in B- and T-Lymphocyte and Chemokine Levels With Rituximab Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis

(2010) Laura Piccio et al.   ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY

Cerebrospinal fluid chitinase 3-like 1 levels are associated with conversion to multiple sclerosis

(2010) Manuel Comabella et al.   BRAIN

Qualitative and quantitative evidence of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase-specific intrathecal antibody synthesis in patients with stiff person syndrome

(2010) S. Jarius et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Cerebrospinal BAFF and Epstein–Barr virus-specific oligoclonal bands in multiple sclerosis and other inflammatory demyelinating neurological diseases

(2010) Diego Franciotta et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

The natural history of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

(2010) M. Koch et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY

Chlamydia pneumoniae–specific intrathecal oligoclonal antibody response is predominantly detected in a subset of multiple sclerosis patients with progressive forms

(2010) Enrico Fainardi et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY

Intrathecal IgM synthesis in pediatric MS is not a negative prognostic marker of disease progression: quantitative versus qualitative IgM analysis

(2010) C Stauch et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Response to interferon in multiple sclerosis is related to lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands

(2010) I. Bosca et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Oligoclonal bands predict multiple sclerosis after optic neuritis: a literature survey

(2010) AG Skov et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Cerebrospinal fluid CXCL13 in multiple sclerosis: a suggestive prognostic marker for the disease course

(2010) Mohsen Khademi et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Oligoclonal bands in tears

(2010) Francesco Lolli et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Treatment effects of immunomodulatory therapies at different stages of multiple sclerosis in short-term trials

(2010) D. Bates   NEUROLOGY

Younger children with MS have a distinct CSF inflammatory profile at disease onset

(2010) D. Chabas et al.   NEUROLOGY

Epstein–Barr virus infection is not a characteristic feature of multiple sclerosis brain

(2009) Simon N. Willis et al.   BRAIN

Multiple sclerosis patients with anti-lipid oligoclonal IgM show early favourable response to immunomodulatory treatment

(2009) N. García-Barragán et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

Neurofilament ELISA validation

(2009) Axel Petzold et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS

CSF oligoclonal band patterns reveal disease heterogeneity in multiple sclerosis

(2009) Luisa M. Villar et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Tear analysis in clinically isolated syndrome as new multiple sclerosis criterion

(2009) Gauthier Calais et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Paediatric and adult multiple sclerosis: age-related differences and time course of the neuroimmunological response in cerebrospinal fluid

(2009) H. Reiber et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

MicroRNA miR-326 regulates TH-17 differentiation and is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

(2009) Changsheng Du et al.   NATURE IMMUNOLOGY

IgG Antibodies against Measles, Rubella, and Varicella Zoster Virus Predict Conversion to Multiple Sclerosis in Clinically Isolated Syndrome

(2009) Johannes Brettschneider et al.   PLoS One

IgG glycosylation analysis

(2009) Carolin Huhn et al.   PROTEOMICS

Oligoclonal IgG band patterns in inflammatory demyelinating human and mouse diseases

(2008) Diego Franciotta et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

A multifactorial prognostic index in multiple sclerosis

(2008) J. Mandrioli et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY

The intrathecal, polyspecific antiviral immune response: Specific for MS or a general marker of CNS autoimmunity?

(2008) Sven Jarius et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

B cells and multiple sclerosis

(2008) Diego Franciotta et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Lipid-specific immunoglobulin M in CSF predicts adverse long-term outcome in multiple sclerosis

(2008) M Thangarajh et al.   Multiple Sclerosis Journal

Matching of oligoclonal immunoglobulin transcriptomes and proteomes of cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis

(2008) Birgit Obermeier et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Qualitative evidence of Ri specific IgG-synthesis in the cerebrospinal fluid from patients with paraneoplastic neurological syndromes

(2007) S. Jarius et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES