3D Electrodes for Bioelectronics

Nanoneedle Platforms: The Many Ways to Pierce the Cell Membrane

(2020) Gen He et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Heart-on-a-chip Model with Integrated Extra- and Intra-cellular Bioelectronics for Monitoring Cardiac Electrophysiology under Acute Hypoxia

(2020) Haitao Liu et al.   NANO LETTERS

Bio-inspired micro/nanostructures for flexible and stretchable electronics

(2020) Hongbian Li et al.   Nano Research

NanoPt—A Nanostructured Electrode Coating for Neural Recording and Microstimulation

(2020) Christian Boehler et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Engineering Biocompatible Interfaces via Combinations of Oxide Films and Organic Self-Assembled Monolayers

(2020) Xiaobo Yuan et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

3D printing of conducting polymers

(2020) Hyunwoo Yuk et al.   Nature Communications

Long-term Intracellular Recording of Optogenetically-induced Electrical Activities using Vertical Nanowire Multi Electrode Array

(2020) Jisoo Yoo et al.   Scientific Reports

Development of Lipid-Coated Semiconductor Nanosensors for Recording of Membrane Potential in Neurons

(2020) Anastasia Ludwig et al.   ACS Photonics

Nanotunnels within Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Carbon Nanotube Composite for Highly Sensitive Neural Interfacing

(2020) Nuan Chen et al.   ACS Nano

Artifact‐Free 2D Mapping of Neural Activity In Vivo through Transparent Gold Nanonetwork Array

(2020) Ji‐Won Seo et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Smart, soft contact lens for wireless immunosensing of cortisol

(2020) Minjae Ku et al.   Science Advances

Mechanics and deformation of shape memory polymer kirigami microstructures

(2020) Kian Bashandeh et al.   Extreme Mechanics Letters

Biodegradable and flexible arterial-pulse sensor for the wireless monitoring of blood flow

(2019) Clementine M. Boutry et al.   Nature Biomedical Engineering

Elastocapillary self-assembled neurotassels for stable neural activity recordings

(2019) S. Guan et al.   Science Advances

Cerebral organoids at the air–liquid interface generate diverse nerve tracts with functional output

(2019) Stefano L. Giandomenico et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Bioinspired neuron-like electronics

(2019) Xiao Yang et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Advanced nanostructures for cell membrane poration

(2019) Apresio Kefin Fajrial et al.   NANOTECHNOLOGY

Soft and MRI Compatible Neural Electrodes from Carbon Nanotube Fibers

(2019) Linlin Lu et al.   NANO LETTERS

Inorganic Nanoshell-Stabilized Liquid Metal for Targeted Photonanomedicine in NIR-II Biowindow

(2019) Piao Zhu et al.   NANO LETTERS

Improved in vitro electrophysiology using 3D-structured microelectrode arrays with a micro-mushrooms islets architecture capable of promoting topotaxis

(2019) José Mateus et al.   Journal of Neural Engineering

High-Performance Graphene-Fiber-Based Neural Recording Microelectrodes

(2019) Kezhong Wang et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Soft High-Resolution Neural Interfacing Probes: Materials and Design Approaches

(2019) Mincheol Lee et al.   NANO LETTERS

Three-Dimensional, High-Resolution Printing of Carbon Nanotube/Liquid Metal Composites with Mechanical and Electrical Reinforcement

(2019) Young-Geun Park et al.   NANO LETTERS

Advanced One- and Two-Dimensional Mesh Designs for Injectable Electronics

(2019) Robert D. Viveros et al.   NANO LETTERS

A nanostructure platform for live-cell manipulation of membrane curvature

(2019) Xiao Li et al.   Nature Protocols

Long‐Term Implantable, Flexible, and Transparent Neural Interface Based on Ag/Au Core–Shell Nanowires

(2019) Teppei Araki et al.   Advanced Healthcare Materials

Interactive Skin Display with Epidermal Stimuli Electrode

(2019) Eui Hyuk Kim et al.   Advanced Science

Climbing-inspired twining electrodes using shape memory for peripheral nerve stimulation and recording

(2019) Yingchao Zhang et al.   Science Advances

Human‐Interactive, Active‐Matrix Displays for Visualization of Tactile Pressures

(2019) Jiuk Jang et al.   Advanced Materials Technologies

Mechanically‐Guided Structural Designs in Stretchable Inorganic Electronics

(2019) Zhaoguo Xue et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Free‐standing 3D Electrodes for Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide

(2019) Ming Peng et al.   ChemCatChem

Characteristics of prosthetic vision in rats with subretinal flat and pillar electrode arrays

(2019) Elton Ho et al.   Journal of Neural Engineering

Scalable ultrasmall three-dimensional nanowire transistor probes for intracellular recording

(2019) Yunlong Zhao et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

An atlas of nano-enabled neural interfaces

(2019) Héctor Acarón Ledesma et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Honeycomb-shaped electro-neural interface enables cellular-scale pixels in subretinal prosthesis

(2019) Thomas Flores et al.   Scientific Reports

Human Neural Tissues from Neural Stem Cells Using Conductive Biogel and Printed Polymer Microelectrode Arrays for 3D Electrical Stimulation

(2019) Eva Tomaskovic‐Crook et al.   Advanced Healthcare Materials

High-resolution, reconfigurable printing of liquid metals with three-dimensional structures

(2019) Young-Geun Park et al.   Science Advances

Fully Printed μ-Needle Electrode Array from Conductive Polymer Ink for Bioelectronic Applications

(2019) Sabine Zips et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Intracellular Recording of Cardiomyocyte Action Potentials with Nanopatterned Volcano-Shaped Microelectrode Arrays

(2019) B. X. E. Desbiolles et al.   NANO LETTERS

A Critical Review of Microelectrode Arrays and Strategies for Improving Neural Interfaces

(2019) Morgan Ferguson et al.   Advanced Healthcare Materials

Organ-on-e-chip: Three-dimensional self-rolled biosensor array for electrical interrogations of human electrogenic spheroids

(2019) Anna Kalmykov et al.   Science Advances

Printed 3D Electrode Arrays with Micrometer‐Scale Lateral Resolution for Extracellular Recording of Action Potentials

(2019) Leroy Grob et al.   Advanced Materials Technologies

Self‐Unfolding Flexible Microelectrode Arrays Based on Shape Memory Polymers

(2019) Juan Wang et al.   Advanced Materials Technologies

A nanoelectrode array for obtaining intracellular recordings from thousands of connected neurons

(2019) Jeffrey Abbott et al.   Nature Biomedical Engineering

Conformable Hybrid Systems for Implantable Bioelectronic Interfaces

(2019) Florian Fallegger et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Patterned iridium oxide film as neural electrode interface: Biocompatibility and improved neurite outgrowth with electrical stimulation

(2019) Cen Chen et al.   Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications

Magnetic Actuation of Flexible Microelectrode Arrays for Neural Activity Recordings

(2019) Lei Gao et al.   NANO LETTERS

Mechanoluminescent, Air-Dielectric MoS2 Transistors as Active-Matrix Pressure Sensors for Wide Detection Ranges from Footsteps to Cellular Motions

(2019) Jiuk Jang et al.   NANO LETTERS

Flexible, sticky, and biodegradable wireless device for drug delivery to brain tumors

(2019) Jongha Lee et al.   Nature Communications

Implantation of electronic visual prosthesis for blindness restoration

(2019) Jiuk Jang et al.   Optical Materials Express

Kirigami‐Inspired Stretchable Conjugated Electronics

(2019) Zhuolei Zhang et al.   Advanced Electronic Materials

Nanoelectronics for Minimally Invasive Cellular Recordings

(2019) Fei Pei et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Hybrid diamond/ carbon fiber microelectrodes enable multimodal electrical/chemical neural interfacing

(2019) Maryam A. Hejazi et al.   BIOMATERIALS

Direct Writing and Characterization of Three-Dimensional Conducting Polymer PEDOT Arrays

(2018) Peikai Zhang et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Cytotoxicity of Gallium–Indium Liquid Metal in an Aqueous Environment

(2018) Ji-Hye Kim et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Rapid fabrication of microneedles using magnetorheological drawing lithography

(2018) Zhipeng Chen et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

Intracellular delivery of colloids: Past and future contributions from microinjection

(2018) Peter Tiefenboeck et al.   ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS

Optimization of pillar electrodes in subretinal prosthesis for enhanced proximity to target neurons

(2018) Thomas Flores et al.   Journal of Neural Engineering

Multi-scale, multi-modal analysis uncovers complex relationship at the brain tissue-implant neural interface: new emphasis on the biological interface

(2018) Nicholas J Michelson et al.   Journal of Neural Engineering

A method for single-neuron chronic recording from the retina in awake mice

(2018) Guosong Hong et al.   SCIENCE

Transparent and flexible fingerprint sensor array with multiplexed detection of tactile pressure and skin temperature

(2018) Byeong Wan An et al.   Nature Communications

On the use of Parylene C polymer as substrate for peripheral nerve electrodes

(2018) Natàlia de la Oliva et al.   Scientific Reports

Soft, smart contact lenses with integrations of wireless circuits, glucose sensors, and displays

(2018) Jihun Park et al.   Science Advances

Multilayer 3D electrodes for neural implants

(2018) Marta Jole Ildelfonsa Airaghi Leccardi et al.   Journal of Neural Engineering

Cells Adhering to 3D Vertical Nanostructures: Cell Membrane Reshaping without Stable Internalization

(2018) Michele Dipalo et al.   NANO LETTERS

Plasmonic meta-electrodes allow intracellular recordings at network level on high-density CMOS-multi-electrode arrays

(2018) Michele Dipalo et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Transparent arrays of bilayer-nanomesh microelectrodes for simultaneous electrophysiology and two-photon imaging in the brain

(2018) Yi Qiang et al.   Science Advances

A literature review for large-scale health information system project planning, implementation and evaluation

(2017) Judith Sligo et al.   INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS

Electrical characterization of 2D and 3D microelectrodes for achieving high-resolution sensing in retinal prostheses with in vitro animal experimental results

(2017) Hyoungho Ko et al.   MICROSYSTEM TECHNOLOGIES-MICRO-AND NANOSYSTEMS-INFORMATION STORAGE AND PROCESSING SYSTEMS

Nanoelectronic Coating Enabled Versatile Multifunctional Neural Probes

(2017) Zhengtuo Zhao et al.   NANO LETTERS

Intracellular and Extracellular Recording of Spontaneous Action Potentials in Mammalian Neurons and Cardiac Cells with 3D Plasmonic Nanoelectrodes

(2017) Michele Dipalo et al.   NANO LETTERS

High Density Individually Addressable Nanowire Arrays Record Intracellular Activity from Primary Rodent and Human Stem Cell Derived Neurons

(2017) Ren Liu et al.   NANO LETTERS

Neural interfaces engineered via micro- and nanostructured coatings

(2017) Nuan Chen et al.   Nano Today

Fully integrated silicon probes for high-density recording of neural activity

(2017) James J. Jun et al.   NATURE

Cell diversity and network dynamics in photosensitive human brain organoids

(2017) Giorgia Quadrato et al.   NATURE

Large-scale mapping of cortical synaptic projections with extracellular electrode arrays

(2017) Mark Shein-Idelson et al.   NATURE METHODS

CMOS nanoelectrode array for all-electrical intracellular electrophysiological imaging

(2017) Jeffrey Abbott et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Highly scalable multichannel mesh electronics for stable chronic brain electrophysiology

(2017) Tian-Ming Fu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Syringe-injectable mesh electronics integrate seamlessly with minimal chronic immune response in the brain

(2017) Tao Zhou et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Wearable smart sensor systems integrated on soft contact lenses for wireless ocular diagnostics

(2017) Joohee Kim et al.   Nature Communications

Ultrastretchable Kirigami Bioprobes

(2017) Yusuke Morikawa et al.   Advanced Healthcare Materials

Particulate photocatalysts for overall water splitting

(2017) Shanshan Chen et al.   Nature Reviews Materials

Ultraflexible nanoelectronic probes form reliable, glial scar–free neural integration

(2017) Lan Luan et al.   Science Advances

Three-dimensional microarchitected materials and devices using nanoparticle assembly by pointwise spatial printing

(2017) Mohammad Sadeq Saleh et al.   Science Advances

Next-generation probes, particles, and proteins for neural interfacing

(2017) Jonathan Rivnay et al.   Science Advances

Diamond for neural interfacing: A review

(2016) David J. Garrett et al.   CARBON

Close-Packed Silicon Microelectrodes for Scalable Spatially Oversampled Neural Recording

(2016) Jorg Scholvin et al.   IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING

Soft implantable microelectrodes for future medicine: prosthetics, neural signal recording and neuromodulation

(2016) Joong Hoon Lee et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Physicochemical properties of peptide-coated microelectrode arrays and their in vitro effects on neuroblast cells

(2016) Bahareh Ghane-Motlagh et al.   Materials Science & Engineering C-Materials for Biological Applications

Iridium Oxide–Electrodeposited Nanoporous Gold Multielectrode Array with Enhanced Stimulus Efficacy

(2016) Yong Hee Kim et al.   NANO LETTERS

Electronic approaches to restoration of sight

(2016) G A Goetz et al.   REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS

Fabrication of a Micro-Needle Array Electrode by Thermal Drawing for Bio-Signals Monitoring

(2016) Lei Ren et al.   SENSORS

Materials and technologies for soft implantable neuroprostheses

(2016) Stéphanie P. Lacour et al.   Nature Reviews Materials

A flexible three-dimensional electrode mesh: An enabling technology for wireless brain–computer interface prostheses

(2016) Zhuolin Xiang et al.   Microsystems & Nanoengineering

The role of dimensionality in neuronal network dynamics

(2016) Francesco Paolo Ulloa Severino et al.   Scientific Reports

Neural Stimulation and Recording with Bidirectional, Soft Carbon Nanotube Fiber Microelectrodes

(2015) Flavia Vitale et al.   ACS Nano

Soft, Flexible Freestanding Neural Stimulation and Recording Electrodes Fabricated from Reduced Graphene Oxide

(2015) Nicholas V. Apollo et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

High-Resolution Printing of 3D Structures Using an Electrohydrodynamic Inkjet with Multiple Functional Inks

(2015) Byeong Wan An et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Materials and Fractal Designs for 3D Multifunctional Integumentary Membranes with Capabilities in Cardiac Electrotherapy

(2015) Lizhi Xu et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

3D-nanostructured boron-doped diamond for microelectrode array neural interfacing

(2015) Gaëlle Piret et al.   BIOMATERIALS

A double-sided, single-chip integration scheme using through-silicon-via for neural sensing applications

(2015) Chih-Wei Chang et al.   BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES

Biocompatibility of common polyimides with human endothelial cells for a cardiovascular microsensor

(2015) Peter Starr et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A

Dense vertical SU-8 microneedles drawn from a heated mold with precisely controlled volume

(2015) Zhuolin Xiang et al.   JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING

Syringe Injectable Electronics: Precise Targeted Delivery with Quantitative Input/Output Connectivity

(2015) Guosong Hong et al.   NANO LETTERS

High-resolution electrohydrodynamic jet printing of small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes

(2015) Kukjoo Kim et al.   Nanoscale

A kirigami approach to engineering elasticity in nanocomposites through patterned defects

(2015) Terry C. Shyu et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Three-dimensional macroporous nanoelectronic networks as minimally invasive brain probes

(2015) Chong Xie et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Syringe-injectable electronics

(2015) Jia Liu et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Electrical Characterization of 3D Au Microelectrodes for Use in Retinal Prostheses

(2015) Sangmin Lee et al.   SENSORS

Transformable liquid-metal nanomedicine

(2015) Yue Lu et al.   Nature Communications

A feasibility study of multi-site,intracellular recordings from mammalian neurons by extracellular gold mushroom-shaped microelectrodes

(2015) Silviya M. Ojovan et al.   Scientific Reports

In vivo comparison of the charge densities required to evoke motor responses using novel annular penetrating microelectrodes

(2015) Emma K. Brunton et al.   Frontiers in Neuroscience

Research Update: Platinum-elastomer mesocomposite as neural electrode coating

(2015) Ivan R. Minev et al.   APL Materials

IrOx–carbon nanotube hybrids: A nanostructured material for electrodes with increased charge capacity in neural systems

(2014) Nina M. Carretero et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

A Review of Organic and Inorganic Biomaterials for Neural Interfaces

(2014) Pouria Fattahi et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Self-aligned tip deinsulation of atomic layer deposited Al2O3and parylene C coated Utah electrode array based neural interfaces

(2014) Xianzong Xie et al.   JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING

NeuroGrid: recording action potentials from the surface of the brain

(2014) Dion Khodagholy et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Iridium oxide nanotube electrodes for sensitive and prolonged intracellular measurement of action potentials

(2014) Ziliang Carter Lin et al.   Nature Communications

Graphene-based carbon-layered electrode array technology for neural imaging and optogenetic applications

(2014) Dong-Wook Park et al.   Nature Communications

Development of vertical SU-8 microtubes integrated with dissolvable tips for transdermal drug delivery

(2013) Zhuolin Xiang et al.   Biomicrofluidics

Parylene C coated microelectrodes for scanning electrochemical microscopy

(2013) Fernando Cortés-Salazar et al.   ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA

3D Parylene sheath neural probe for chronic recordings

(2013) B J Kim et al.   Journal of Neural Engineering

On Chip Guidance and Recording of Cardiomyocytes with 3D Mushroom-Shaped Electrodes

(2013) Francesca Santoro et al.   NANO LETTERS

High-Performance, Transparent, and Stretchable Electrodes Using Graphene–Metal Nanowire Hybrid Structures

(2013) Mi-Sun Lee et al.   NANO LETTERS

Multi-electrode array technologies for neuroscience and cardiology

(2013) Micha E. Spira et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Multifunctional three-dimensional macroporous nanoelectronic networks for smart materials

(2013) J. Liu et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Pillar-shaped stimulus electrode array for high-efficiency stimulation of fully implantable epiretinal prosthesis

(2012) Kang-Wook Lee et al.   JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING

Design, simulation and experimental validation of a novel flexible neural probe for deep brain stimulation and multichannel recording

(2012) Hsin-Yi Lai et al.   Journal of Neural Engineering

Conducting polymer coated neural recording electrodes

(2012) Alexander R Harris et al.   Journal of Neural Engineering

Combined macro-/mesoporous microelectrode arrays for low-noise extracellular recording of neural networks

(2012) Matthias Heim et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

Novel flexible Parylene neural probe with 3D sheath structure for enhancing tissue integration

(2012) Jonathan T.W. Kuo et al.   LAB ON A CHIP

Macroporous nanowire nanoelectronic scaffolds for synthetic tissues

(2012) Bozhi Tian et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Vertical nanowire electrode arrays as a scalable platform for intracellular interfacing to neuronal circuits

(2012) Jacob T. Robinson et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Intracellular recording of action potentials by nanopillar electroporation

(2012) Chong Xie et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

The origin of extracellular fields and currents — EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes

(2012) György Buzsáki et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Design, Fabrication and Characterization of a Low-Impedance 3D Electrode Array System for Neuro-Electrophysiology

(2012) Mihaela Kusko et al.   SENSORS

Intracellular recordings of action potentials by an extracellular nanoscale field-effect transistor

(2011) Xiaojie Duan et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Flexible, foldable, actively multiplexed, high-density electrode array for mapping brain activity in vivo

(2011) Jonathan Viventi et al.   NATURE NEUROSCIENCE

Epidermal Electronics

(2011) D.-H. Kim et al.   SCIENCE

Stretchable, Curvilinear Electronics Based on Inorganic Materials

(2010) Dae-Hyeong Kim et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Electrodeposited polypyrrole/carbon nanotubes composite films electrodes for neural interfaces

(2010) Yi Lu et al.   BIOMATERIALS

A cone-shaped 3D carbon nanotube probe for neural recording

(2010) Huan-Chieh Su et al.   BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS

BioMEA™: A versatile high-density 3D microelectrode array system using integrated electronics

(2010) Guillaume Charvet et al.   BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS

Fabrication and Characterization of a Parylene-Based Three-Dimensional Microelectrode Array for Use in Retinal Prosthesis

(2010) Renxin Wang et al.   JOURNAL OF MICROELECTROMECHANICAL SYSTEMS

In-cell recordings by extracellular microelectrodes

(2010) Aviad Hai et al.   NATURE METHODS

Three-Dimensional, Flexible Nanoscale Field-Effect Transistors as Localized Bioprobes

(2010) B. Tian et al.   SCIENCE

Materials and Mechanics for Stretchable Electronics

(2010) J. A. Rogers et al.   SCIENCE

Conducting-Polymer Nanotubes Improve Electrical Properties, Mechanical Adhesion, Neural Attachment, and Neurite Outgrowth of Neural Electrodes

(2010) Mohammad Reza Abidian et al.   Small

Conducting polymers on hydrogel-coated neural electrode provide sensitive neural recordings in auditory cortex

(2009) Dong-Hwan Kim et al.   Acta Biomaterialia

Drawing Lithography: Three-Dimensional Fabrication of an Ultrahigh-Aspect-Ratio Microneedle

(2009) Kwang Lee et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Toxicity evaluation of PEDOT/biomolecular composites intended for neural communication electrodes

(2009) M Asplund et al.   Biomedical Materials

Design and fabrication of a polyimide-based microelectrode array: Application in neural recording and repeatable electrolytic lesion in rat brain

(2009) You-Yin Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS

Spine-shaped gold protrusions improve the adherence and electrical coupling of neurons with the surface of micro-electronic devices

(2009) A. Hai et al.   Journal of the Royal Society Interface

Neural Stimulation and Recording Electrodes

(2008) Stuart F. Cogan   Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering

Gold nanoparticle-based electrochemical biosensors

(2008) José M. Pingarrón et al.   ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA

Plasma removal of Parylene C

(2008) Ellis Meng et al.   JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING

High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Extracellular Recording of Neuronal Activity With Microfabricated Electrode Arrays

(2008) Jiangang Du et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY

Carbon nanotube coating improves neuronal recordings

(2008) Edward W. Keefer et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Flexible parylene-based multielectrode array technology for high-density neural stimulation and recording

(2007) D RODGER et al.   SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL