Review
Neurosciences
Zhongbing Qi, Xiangyu Long, Jiyan Liu, Ping Cheng
Summary: Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive form of brain tumor that responds poorly to conventional therapies. Oncolytic virus therapy shows promise in improving therapeutic efficacy, but limitations as a monotherapy need to be overcome.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Masmudur M. Rahman, Grant McFadden
Summary: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a novel cancer treatment modality that selectively target and kill cancer cells while sparing normal ones. Engineered OVs show great potential in clinical trials, but combination therapies with other treatments may further improve their efficacy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dileep D. Monie, Archis R. Bhandarkar, Ian F. Parney, Cristina Correia, Jann N. Sarkaria, Richard G. Vile, Hu Li
Summary: The review discusses the use of synthetic and systems biology concepts to develop programmable, logic-based oncolytic viruses for treating GBMs. Synthetic biology focuses on developing synthetic DNA constructs, while systems biology enables the analysis of complex interactions between host pathways and synthetic genetic circuits.
NEUROSURGICAL FOCUS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Guosong Wang, Jiali Cao, Mengxuan Gui, Pengfei Huang, Liang Zhang, Ruoyao Qi, Ruiqi Chen, Lina Lin, Qiangyuan Han, Yanhua Lin, Tian Chen, Peiqing He, Jian Ma, Rao Fu, Junping Hong, Qian Wu, Hai Yu, Junyu Chen, Chenghao Huang, Tianying Zhang, Quan Yuan, Jun Zhang, Yixin Chen, Ningshao Xia
Summary: A live-attenuated swine pseudorabies virus (PRV-LAV) was identified as a promising oncolytic agent with broad-spectrum antitumor activity. PRV-LAV infects cancer cells via the NRP1/EGFR signaling pathway and induces cancer cell apoptosis by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Furthermore, PRV-LAV can reprogram the tumor microenvironment, increase immune cell infiltration, and restore CD8+ T cell function against cancer. Combination of PRV-LAV with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed a significant synergistic effect.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Noraini Abd-Aziz, Chit Laa Poh
Summary: Oncolytic virotherapy is a therapeutic approach that utilizes replication-competent viruses to selectively kill cancer cells, but it faces limitations such as viral delivery, tumor penetration, and antiviral immune responses. Strategies to overcome these limitations are crucial for its effective application in preclinical and clinical trials.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Seyed-Mahmood Seyed-Khorrami, Arezou Azadi, Nasrin Rastegarvand, Ala Habibian, Hoorieh Soleimanjahi, Marek J. Los
Summary: Immunotherapy and virotherapy have emerged as new methods for cancer treatment, with better specificity and outcomes. Applying these strategies in the treatment of malignancies is of great significance, based on advances in understanding cancer cell biology and oncolytic viruses.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Bart Spiesschaert, Katharina Angerer, John Park, Guido Wollmann
Summary: Combinations of oncolytic viruses with specific small molecule compounds can help overcome limitations in their ability to replicate and kill tumors in clinical settings. This review focuses on mechanisms by which small molecules can synergize with oncolytic viruses to enhance viral replication, tumor cell killing, and antitumor immune responses.
Review
Immunology
Maryam Sadri, Alireza Najafi, Ali Rahimi, Nafiseh Behranvand, Mohammad Hossein Kazemi, Hossein Khorramdelazad, Reza Falak
Summary: Researchers have explored novel strategies for cancer treatment in the past few decades, particularly using oncolytic viruses (OVs) alone or in combination with other anticancer therapies. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) poses a significant challenge for virotherapy. In this review, the authors discuss the dual effect of hypoxia on different types of OVs and propose strategies to optimize therapeutic methods.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Zhijian Huang, Hongen Guo, Lin Lin, Shixiong Li, Yong Yang, Yuanyuan Han, Weiwei Huang, Jialiang Yang
Summary: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a promising and safe measure for cancer treatment as they selectively kill tumor cells and activate the immune system. Genetically engineered OVs expressing immune regulatory factors have been developed to enhance antitumor effects. In addition, combined therapies of OVs with other immunotherapies have shown clinical potential. A comprehensive review examining the mechanisms of tumor clearance by OVs and strategies to enhance their effects is needed. This study provides a review on immune regulatory factors in OVs and their combined therapies, facilitating the broader application of OV in cancer treatment.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guijin Tang, Dawei Wang, Xiangqian Zhao, Zhihua Feng, Qi Chen, Yangkun Shen
Summary: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are effective gene therapy and immunotherapy drugs. The integration of exogenous genes into OVs, particularly the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), has become a novel approach in OV therapy. The current mode of administration for HSV-1 oncolytic viruses is mainly through tumor in situ injection, which limits their application. Intravenous administration offers a solution, but is challenging due to the immune response against HSV-1, leading to clearance by the body's immune system and side effects. This review discusses different administration methods, with a focus on intravenous administration, and explores immune constraints and potential solutions to improve HSV-1 delivery for OV therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Junqing Wang, Linyong Du, Xiangjian Chen
Summary: Gastric cancer is a major contributor to global cancer incidence and mortality, threatening the survival and health of people worldwide. Patients with advanced gastric cancer often do not benefit significantly from traditional treatments due to unobvious early symptoms and factors such as tumor heterogeneity and low immunogenicity. Oncolytic virotherapies, as an emerging cancer immunotherapy, have the potential to effectively treat gastric cancer by selectively lysing cancer cells and inducing a systemic antitumor immune response.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Kangyixin Sun, Xiangwei Shi, Li Li, Xiupeng Nie, Lin Xu, Fan Jia, Fuqiang Xu
Summary: This study suggests that using sindbis virus combined with cytokines is an efficient treatment option for malignant gliomas, and sindbis virus has a significant safety profile as an oncolytic virus.
Article
Oncology
Shyambabu Chaurasiya, Hannah Valencia, Zhifang Zhang, Sang-In Kim, Annie Yang, Jianming Lu, Yanghee Woo, Susanne G. Warner, Nicholas J. Ede, Yuman Fong
Summary: Researchers have modified the CF33 virus to selectively replicate and image tumors in cancer cells by adding the hNIS reporter gene. The CF33-hNIS virus efficiently kills liver cancer cells and exhibits characteristics of immunogenic cell death. In a liver cancer mouse model, a single dose of the CF33-hNIS virus showed antitumor efficacy and significantly increased survival. Additionally, low doses of the virus allowed for noninvasive PET imaging of tumors. In conclusion, CF33-hNIS is safe and effective in controlling tumor xenografts and facilitates noninvasive tumor imaging.
MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaiyi Yang, Shenghui Feng, Zhijun Luo
Summary: Prostate cancer is a common and deadly cancer in males. Androgen-deprivation therapy is effective in early stage tumors, but many cases progress to metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Existing clinical treatments for advanced prostate cancer have limitations, but gene therapy and viral therapy show promise in controlling the disease.
Review
Oncology
Yalei Zhang, Ye Li, Kun Chen, Ling Qian, Peng Wang
Summary: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as a promising therapeutic agent to overcome the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. Strategies involving OVs include serving as a cancer vaccine, expressing proinflammatory factors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and regulating nonimmune stromal constituents. Optimization of preclinical models and achieving systemic delivery of OVs are crucial for the successful clinical translation in the future.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
