Article
Biology
Susan Martin, Jessica Tyrrell, E. Louise Thomas, Matthew J. Bown, Andrew R. Wood, Robin N. Beaumont, Lam C. Tsoi, Philip E. Stuart, James T. Elder, Philip Law, Richard Houlston, Christopher Kabrhel, Nikos Papadimitriou, Marc J. Gunter, Caroline J. Bull, Joshua A. Bell, Emma E. Vincent, Naveed Sattar, Malcolm G. Dunlop, Ian P. M. Tomlinson, Jimmy D. Bell, Timothy M. Frayling, Hanieh Yaghootkar
Summary: This study used Mendelian randomisation (MR) and specific genetic variants to test the causal roles of higher adiposity with and without its adverse metabolic effects on diseases. The results identified diseases where the metabolic effect of higher adiposity is the primary cause, as well as diseases where the non-metabolic effects of excess weight are likely a cause.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd, Tomasz Oniszczuk, Mateusz Stasiak, Anna Oniszczuk
Summary: The human intestine contains a complex community of microorganisms known as the gut microbiota, which plays a crucial role in maintaining host homeostasis. Dietary polyphenols have been investigated for their beneficial effects in preventing metabolic diseases and their modulation of the gut microbiota. The interdependence between gut microbiota and polyphenol metabolites in maintaining host gut homeostasis is also emphasized.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Hesham Shamshoum, Kyle D. Medak, Greg L. Mckie, Stewart Jeromson, Margaret K. Hahn, David C. Wright
Summary: Antipsychotic medications can cause metabolic side effects, and the standard care of using metformin is not effective for all patients. This study found that salsalate is equally effective as metformin in preventing weight gain and liver lipid accumulation caused by antipsychotic medications. However, metformin, either alone or in combination with salsalate, can improve glucose metabolism and increase energy expenditure.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rui Sun, Rowland Han, Colin McCornack, Saad Khan, G. Travis Tabor, Yun Chen, Jinchao Hou, Haowu Jiang, Kathleen M. Schoch, Diane D. Mao, Ryan Cleary, Alicia Yang, Qin Liu, Jingqin Luo, Allegra Petti, Timothy M. Miller, Jason D. Ulrich, David M. Holtzman, Albert H. Kim
Summary: This study found that TREM2 is highly expressed in myeloid subsets in human and mouse GBM tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. Loss of TREM2 function leads to increased immunoactivation, proinflammatory polarization, and tumoricidal capacity in myeloid cells. Inhibition of TREM2 reprograms myeloid phenotypes and enhances the effectiveness of anti-PD-1 treatment in GBM.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Miriam Ejarque, Joan Sabadell-Basallote, Daniel Beiroa, Enrique Calvo, Noelia Keiran, Catalina Nunez-Roa, Maria del Mar Rodriguez, Fatima Sabench, Daniel del Castillo, Veronica Jimenez, Fatima Bosch, Ruben Nogueiras, Joan Vendrell, Sonia Fernandez-Veledo
Summary: The study reveals that GLP-2 plays a regulatory role in glucose metabolism and adipose tissue in obesity, highlighting the importance of adipose tissue for the beneficial effects of teduglutide.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yazmin Macotela, Xarubet Ruiz-Herrera, Dina Vazquez-Carrillo, Gabriela Ramirez-Hernandez, Gonzalo Martinez de la Escalera, Carmen Clapp
Summary: Prolactin plays an important role in metabolic homeostasis, and moderately high levels of prolactin have beneficial effects on metabolism and are associated with reduced prevalence of metabolic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Liqing Zang, Maedeh Baharlooeian, Masahiro Terasawa, Yasuhito Shimada, Norihiro Nishimura
Summary: Metabolic syndrome comprises a group of conditions that collectively increase the risk of abdominal obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, and microbial diversity and function are strongly affected by diet. In recent years, epidemiological evidence has shown that the dietary intake of seaweed can prevent metabolic syndrome via gut microbiota modulation.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Mengyu Dai, Xiaoying Yang, Yinghua Yu, Wei Pan
Summary: The study highlights that helminth infection may alleviate obesity and metabolic syndromes through various mechanisms, including inducing macrophage M2 polarization, inhibiting adipogenesis, promoting fat browning, and improving glucose tolerance and metabolic inflammation. Additionally, helminth infection may also affect obesity and metabolic syndromes by altering the host's gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jack I. Wood, Eugenia Wong, Ridwaan Joghee, Aya Balbaa, Karina S. Vitanova, Katie M. Stringer, Alison Vanshoiack, Stefan-Laural J. Phelan, Francesca Launchbury, Sneha Desai, Takshashila Tripathi, Jorg Hanrieder, Damian M. Cummings, John Hardy, Frances A. Edwards
Summary: Using spatial cell-type-enriched transcriptomics, the study compares plaque-induced gene expression in different regions around plaques in an aged Alzheimer's mouse model. The findings show that microglia in direct contact with plaques exhibit upregulated expression of certain genes, which is prevented in mice with a Trem2 mutation. However, despite the mutation, Trem2 protein levels and microglial density are still slightly increased on plaques, indicating that both microglial contact with plaques and functioning TREM2 are necessary for an appropriate response to amyloid pathology.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Soheila Abachi, Genevieve Pilon, Andre Marette, Laurent Bazinet, Lucie Beaulieu
Summary: This article focuses on recent studies on hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-obesity fish peptides. The aim is to provide more knowledge for the design and discovery of anti-MetS compounds by comparing different extraction, isolation, and purification methods.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Juha Auvinen, Joona Tapio, Ville Karhunen, Johannes Kettunen, Raisa Serpi, Elitsa Y. Dimova, Dipender Gill, Pasi Soininen, Tuija Tammelin, Juha Mykkanen, Katri Puukka, Mika Kahonen, Emma Raitoharju, Terho Lehtimaki, Mika Ala-Korpela, Olli T. Raitakari, Sirkka Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin, Peppi Koivunen
Summary: Lower Hb levels may be beneficial for metabolic health, associated with lower body mass index, better glucose tolerance and other metabolic profiles, lower inflammatory load, and blood pressure.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nir Goldstein, Hiroshi Tsuneki, Nikhil Bhandarkar, Eleonora Aimaretti, Yulia Haim, Kanta Kon, Kiyofumi Sato, Tsutomu Wada, Idit F. Liberty, Boris Kirshtein, Oleg Dukhno, Nitzan Maixner, Yftach Gepner, Toshiyasu Sasaoka, Assaf Rudich
Summary: This study suggests that human adipose tissue may be a direct target of the OxA-OxR1 system, with higher morning levels of Orexin being associated with improved metabolic characteristics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Esther Hermano, Francoise Carlotti, Alexia Abecassis, Amichay Meirovitz, Ariel M. Rubinstein, Jin-Ping Li, Israel Vlodavsky, Ton J. Rabelink, Michael Elkin
Summary: The enzyme heparanase plays a dichotomic role in metabolic syndrome, promoting macrophage infiltration in islets while ensuring insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Its beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis in metabolic syndrome highlights the importance of considering its dual action when developing strategies for diabetes treatment.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rabaa Takala, Dipak P. Ramji, Ernest Choy
Summary: Inflammatory disorders are regulated by cytokines and other inflammatory mediators. Current treatments have limitations and the role of diet, especially specific components, is unclear. This review focuses on the less studied fatty acid, pinolenic acid (PNLA), which has potential anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have shown the health benefits of PNLA in weight reduction, lipid-lowering, anti-diabetic actions, and suppression of cell invasiveness and motility in cancer. The review aims to summarize research on PNLA and its potential anti-inflammatory benefits and metabolic changes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Junmin Zhou, Ruifeng He, Zhuozhi Shen, Yan Zhang, Xufang Gao, Dejiquzong, Xiong Xiao, Tao Zhang, Dan Yang, Yufei Wang, Huan Song, Yuming Guo, Shanshan Li, Gongbo Chen, Jianzhong Yin, Xing Zhao
Summary: This study evaluated the correlation between altitude and metabolic syndrome in Chinese residents, as well as the mediation effects of diet and physical activity. The results showed that living at middle and high altitudes was associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome compared to low altitude, with middle altitude having the lowest risk. Diet and physical activity played a mediating role in this association.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aitor Esparza-Baquer, Ibone Labiano, Omar Sharif, Alona Agirre-Lizaso, Fiona Oakley, Pedro M. Rodrigues, Ekaterina Zhuravleva, Colm J. O'Rourke, Elizabeth Hijona, Raul Jimenez-Aguero, Ioana Riano, Ana Landa, Adelaida La Casta, Marco Y. W. Zaki, Patricia Munoz-Garrido, Mikel Azkargorta, Felix Elortza, Andrea Vogel, Gernot Schabbauer, Patricia Aspichueta, Jesper B. Andersen, Sylvia Knapp, Derek A. Mann, Luis Bujanda, Jesus Maria Banales, Maria Jesus Perugorria
Summary: The study revealed that TREM-2 is upregulated in liver cancer tissue and mouse models of liver regeneration and HCC. Trem-2(-/-) mice developed more liver tumors after DEN administration, showing exacerbated liver damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte proliferation. Trem-2 plays a protective role in hepatocarcinogenesis through different pleiotropic effects.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alexander Jais, Jens C. Bruning
Summary: The central nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and regulating various physiological functions through the ARC. Energy state-sensing neurons in the ARC are master regulators that control feeding, glucose homeostasis, and other physiological responses based on the organism's energy status.
Article
Respiratory System
Martin L. Watzenboeck, Anna-Dorothea Gorki, Federica Quattrone, Riem Gawish, Stefan Schwarz, Christopher Lambers, Peter Jaksch, Karin Lakovits, Sophie Zahalka, Nina Rahimi, Philipp Starkl, Doerte Symmank, Tyler Artner, Celine Pattaroni, Nikolaus Fortelny, Kristaps Klavins, Florian Frommlet, Benjamin J. Marsland, Konrad Hoetzenecker, Stefanie Widder, Sylvia Knapp
Summary: Lung transplantation is the ultimate treatment option for patients with end-stage respiratory diseases, but the mortality rate is high due to chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). The mechanisms leading to CLAD are not well understood due to insufficient understanding of post-transplant adaptation processes. This study analyzed bronchoalveolar lavage samples from lung recipients and donors, and found that recipient-specific and environmental factors shape the long-term lung microbiome. Certain bacterial strains were found to be correlated with underlying lung diseases even after transplantation. Machine learning techniques accurately predicted future changes in lung function, with the microbial profiles showing high predictive power. The study highlights the importance of understanding lung adaptation processes and the role of microbiome in predicting allograft function.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna-Dorothea Gorki, Dorte Symmank, Sophie Zahalka, Karin Lakovits, Anastasiya Hladik, Brigitte Langer, Barbara Maurer, Veronika Sexl, Renate Kain, Sylvia Knapp
Summary: This study proposes a novel culture model for studying and expanding murine primary alveolar macrophages (AMs) in vitro over several months. The cultured AMs maintain typical features and surface markers, and exhibit similar functions and transcriptional profile to primary AMs. When transferred into AM-deficient mice, the cultured AMs efficiently engraft in the lung and perform key macrophage functions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Christoph Kornauth, Tea Pemovska, Gregory Vladimer, Gunther Bayer, Michael Bergmann, Sandra Eder, Ruth Eichner, Martin Erl, Harald Esterbauer, Ruth Exner, Verena Felsleitner-Hauer, Maurizio Forte, Alexander Gaiger, Klaus Geissler, Hildegard T. Greinix, Wolfgang Gstoettner, Marcus Hacker, Bernd Lorenz Hartmann, Alexander W. Hauswirth, Tim Heinemann, Daniel Heintel, Mir Alireza Hoda, Georg Hopfinger, Ulrich Jaeger, Lukas Kazianka, Lukas Kenner, Barbara Kiesewetter, Nikolaus Krall, Gerhard Krajnik, Stefan Kubicek, Trang Le, Simone Lubowitzki, Marius E. Mayerhoefer, Elisabeth Menschel, Olaf Merkel, Katsuhiro Miura, Leonhard Muellauer, Peter Neumeister, Thomas Noesslinger, Katharina Ocko, Leopold Oehler, Michael Panny, Alexander Pichler, Edit Porpaczy, Gerald W. Prager, Markus Raderer, Robin Ristl, Reinhard Ruckser, Julius Salamon, Ana-Iris Schiefer, Ann-Sofie Schmolke, Ilse Schwarzinger, Edgar Selzer, Christian Sillaber, Cathrin Skrabs, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Ismet Srndic, Renate Thalhammer, Peter Valent, Emiel van der Kouwe, Katrina Vanura, Stefan Vogt, Cora Waldstein, Dominik Wolf, Christoph C. Zielinski, Niklas Zojer, Ingrid Simonitsch-Klupp, Giulio Superti-Furga, Berend Snijder, Philipp B. Staber
Summary: Personalized medicine using functional assays can be clinically feasible and effective in providing treatment guidance for patients with aggressive hematologic cancers, resulting in enhanced progression-free survival and exceptional responses lasting longer than expected for some patients.
Article
Cell Biology
Andrea Vogel, Katharina Martin, Klara Soukup, Angela Halfmann, Martina Kerndl, Julia S. Brunner, Melanie Hofmann, Laura Oberbichler, Ana Korosec, Mario Kuttke, Hannes Datler, Markus Kieler, Laszlo Musiejovsky, Alexander Dohnal, Omar Sharif, Gernot Schabbauer
Summary: This study found that Janus Kinase 1 (JAK1) in dendritic cells (DCs) promotes peripheral T cell tolerance and its deficiency leads to increased expansion of peripheral CD4(+) T cells and worsened experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) outcomes. In addition, transfer of DCs can improve EAE pathogenesis by inducing peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). The study also showed that DC-intrinsic IFN-gamma-JAK1-STAT1 signaling induces PD-L1 expression, which is attenuated by JAK1 deficiency and filgotinib treatment.
Article
Immunology
Mario Kuttke, Dominika Hromadova, Ceren Yildirim, Julia S. Brunner, Andrea Vogel, Hannah Paar, Sophie Peters, Maria Weber, Melanie Hofmann, Martina Kerndl, Markus Kieler, Hannes Datler, Laszlo Musiejovsky, Manuel Salzmann, Michaela Lang, Klara Soukup, Angela Halfmann, Omar Sharif, Gernot Schabbauer
Summary: This study found that the PI3K/PTEN signaling pathway in dendritic cells enhances IL-6 production, leading to exacerbated Th1 cell responses and increased mortality in inflammatory bowel diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Sophie Zahalka, Philipp Starkl, Martin L. Watzenboeck, Asma Farhat, Mariem Radhouani, Florian Deckert, Anastasiya Hladik, Karin Lakovits, Felicitas Oberndorfer, Caroline Lassnig, Birgit Strobl, Kristaps Klavins, Mai Matsushita, David E. Sanin, Katarzyna M. Grzes, Edward J. Pearce, Anna-Dorothea Gorki, Sylvia Knapp
Summary: Environmental microbial exposure has a profound impact on pulmonary immune memory, particularly on alveolar macrophages (AMs). AMs showed enhanced reactivity to pneumococcal challenge after intranasal exposure to ambient lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The training effect of AMs was found to be dependent on type 1 interferon signaling and inhibited by fatty acid oxidation and glutaminolysis. Moreover, adoptive transfer of trained AMs resulted in increased bacterial loads and tissue damage upon pneumococcal infection.
MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Riem Gawish, Barbara Maier, Georg Obermayer, Martin L. Watzenboeck, Anna-Dorothea Gorki, Federica Quattrone, Asma Farhat, Karin Lakovits, Anastasiya Hladik, Ana Korosec, Arman Alimohammadi, Ildiko Mesteri, Felicitas Oberndorfer, Fiona Oakley, John Brain, Louis Boon, Irene Lang, Christoph J. Binder, Sylvia Knapp
Summary: Sepsis can lead to multiorgan failure and therapeutic options are limited. This study establishes a mouse model of long-lasting disease tolerance during severe sepsis and highlights the role of neutrophils and B cells in tissue integrity.
Review
Cell Biology
Stephanie C. Puente-Ruiz, Alexander Jais
Summary: This article discusses the reciprocal signaling mechanisms between the central nervous system and adipose tissue to maintain energy balance in the body. It focuses on the integration of external signals in neuronal populations of the hypothalamus and the regulation of adipose tissue function by the central nervous system.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anna Juliane Vesting, Alexander Jais, Paul Klemm, Lukas Steuernagel, Peter Wienand, Morten Fog-Tonnesen, Henning Hvid, Anna-Lena Schumacher, Christian Kukat, Hendrik Nolte, Theodoros Georgomanolis, Janine Altmueller, Manolis Pasparakis', Andreas Schmidt', Marcus Krueger', Marc Schmidt Supprian, Ari Waisman, Beate Katharina Straub, Nathanael Raschzok, Michel Bernier, Andreas L. Birkenfeld, Nadine Hoevelmeyer, Jens C. Bruening, F. Thomas Wunderlich
Summary: The non-canonical NFKB-inducing kinase (NIK/MAP3K14) plays a crucial role in metabolic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the progression from NAFLD to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by modulating JAK2/STAT5 signaling.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Laxmikant Wali, Michael Karbiener, Scharon Chou, Vitalii Kovtunyk, Adam Adonyi, Irene Gosler, Ximena Contreras, Delyana Stoeva, Dieter Blaas, Johannes Stocki, Thomas R. Kreil, Guido A. Gualdoni, Anna-Dorothea Gorki
Summary: Rhinoviruses and coronaviruses increase glycolysis in host cells to meet their energetic requirements for rapid replication. The glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG can inhibit viral replication in epithelial cells, reducing progeny virus and virus-mediated cell death. It is also effective against SARS-CoV-2 and endemic human coronaviruses.
JOURNAL OF VIRUS ERADICATION
(2022)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Andrea Vogel, Thomas Weichhart
Summary: Macrophages within the tumor microenvironment play important roles in tumorigenesis. They can be derived from circulation-derived monocytes or tissue-resident macrophages (TRMs). Recent studies have shown that TRMs are a significant source of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in both mice and humans, and they closely resemble their normal, organ-specific counterparts. This review highlights the role of TRMs as an important subset of TAMs and discusses opportunities for therapeutic targeting strategies.
CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Andrea Vogel, Martina Kerndl, Gernot Schabbauer, Omar Sharif
Summary: This article describes how to determine the tolerogenic capacities of dendritic cells (DCs) in the context of the murine MS model, EAE, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for treating various autoimmune diseases.