Article
Oncology
Tianyu Tang, Xing Huang, Gang Zhang, Tingbo Liang
Summary: Oncolytic peptides are highly effective in remodeling the tumor microenvironment and enhancing anticancer immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death. A recent study shows that LTX-315 inhibits PD-L1 expression via ATP11B, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy by targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. This commentary discusses the broad effects and perspectives of oncolytic peptides on anticancer immunity, as well as the potential issues and directions in cancer immunotherapy.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Virology
Paola Blanchette, Jose G. Teodoro
Summary: In the 1990s, adenovirus was genetically engineered to selectively destroy cancer cells. Despite slow progress in translating oncolytic adenovirus to the clinic, interest in the virus remains strong. Many clinical trials are currently using recombinant adenovirus.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lorella Tripodi, Maria Vitale, Vincenzo Cerullo, Lucio Pastore
Summary: Oncolytic adenoviruses (Onc.Ads) play an interesting role in immunotherapy due to their tumor selectivity, safety, and transgene-delivery capability. Their exceptional immunogenicity leads to a strong T-cell response, potentially making them more effective than current strategies. Various strategies can enhance Onc.Ads' antitumoral efficacy, including tumor microenvironment modulation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Aleksander Gryciuk, Marta Rogalska, Joanna Baran, Lukasz Kuryk, Monika Staniszewska
Summary: In clinical trials, adenovirus vectors are commonly used for gene delivery therapy. Recent developments in molecular techniques have influenced the development of genetically engineered adenovirus vectors with therapeutic potential. This review provides a broad overview of oncolytic therapy and ongoing clinical trials based on oncolytic adenoviruses. HAdV-based strategies in immune oncology show promise in targeting tumors and can change the landscape of cancer treatment.
Review
Oncology
Shengye Jin, Qin Wang, Hao Wu, Da Pang, Shouping Xu
Summary: Biological therapy, particularly oncolytic viruses (OVs), has shown promising therapeutic effects in various cancers, including triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC, lacking conventional treatment targets, benefits from the emerging concept of OVs for potential treatment options.
BIOMARKER RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Masmudur M. Rahman, Grant McFadden
Summary: Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a novel cancer treatment modality that selectively target and kill cancer cells while sparing normal ones. Engineered OVs show great potential in clinical trials, but combination therapies with other treatments may further improve their efficacy.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Seyed-Mahmood Seyed-Khorrami, Arezou Azadi, Nasrin Rastegarvand, Ala Habibian, Hoorieh Soleimanjahi, Marek J. Los
Summary: Immunotherapy and virotherapy have emerged as new methods for cancer treatment, with better specificity and outcomes. Applying these strategies in the treatment of malignancies is of great significance, based on advances in understanding cancer cell biology and oncolytic viruses.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Ee Wern Tan, Noraini Abd-Aziz, Chit Laa Poh, Kuan Onn Tan
Summary: This article primarily introduces the characteristics of genetically modified adenoviruses as an alternative gene therapy approach for cancer, as well as related oncology clinical studies. The relationship between adenovirus-mediated cancer therapy and tumor biology, tumor microenvironment, and immune response is also discussed.
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Noraini Abd-Aziz, Chit Laa Poh
Summary: Oncolytic virotherapy is a therapeutic approach that utilizes replication-competent viruses to selectively kill cancer cells, but it faces limitations such as viral delivery, tumor penetration, and antiviral immune responses. Strategies to overcome these limitations are crucial for its effective application in preclinical and clinical trials.
TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Camille Robinson, Maria M. Xu, Smita K. Nair, Georgia M. Beasley, Kristen E. Rhodin
Summary: Malignant melanoma recurrence can present in various ways, requiring personalized management. Oncolytic viruses can stimulate local immune response and potentially overcome anti-PD-1 therapy resistance. Currently, one oncolytic virus is FDA-approved for this population, with other viruses under investigation.
FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Bart Spiesschaert, Katharina Angerer, John Park, Guido Wollmann
Summary: Combinations of oncolytic viruses with specific small molecule compounds can help overcome limitations in their ability to replicate and kill tumors in clinical settings. This review focuses on mechanisms by which small molecules can synergize with oncolytic viruses to enhance viral replication, tumor cell killing, and antitumor immune responses.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liu Tianyan, Zhang Yu, Cao Yukai, Jiang Shan, Sun Rui, Yin Jiechao, Gao Zhenqiu, Ren Guiping, Wang Zhenzhong, Yu Qingzhong, Sui Guangchao, Sun Xu, Sun Wenying, Xiao Wei, Li Deshan
Summary: The study investigates the direct oncolytic effect of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) on cancer cells, focusing on susceptibility of cancer cells to virus infection and enhancing virus's ability to lyse cancer cells. The research identified susceptible cancer cells and optimized a wild-type virus to enhance its oncolytic effect, providing a strategy for improving rClone30's oncolytic capacity. The findings highlight that certain cancer cells are more susceptible to infection and enhancing the virus strain can significantly boost the oncolytic effect, especially in susceptible cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daoyuan Xie, Yaomei Tian, Die Hu, Yuanda Wang, Yuling Yang, Bailing Zhou, Rui Zhang, Zhixiang Ren, Mohan Liu, Jie Xu, Chunyan Dong, Binyan Zhao, Li Yang
Summary: Oncolytic viruses can enhance systemic antitumor immunity by overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Engineered oncolytic viruses armed with immune checkpoint inhibitors can achieve tumor-specific immunotherapy.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Mobarakeh Ajam-Hosseini, Fatemeh Akhoondi, Mohammad Doroudian
Summary: Oncolytic viruses show promise as a dual attack therapy for cancer, but their effectiveness is hindered by elimination in the body. Nanoparticles have the potential for targeted drug delivery, but face challenges in non-specificity. By encapsulating oncolytic viruses with nanoparticles, the efficacy of both treatments can be improved and successful clinical results have been achieved. In this review, we will discuss the mechanisms and benefits of each treatment method.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ONCOLOGY HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Johannes Doerner, Erwan Sallard, Wenli Zhang, Manish Solanki, Jing Liu, Eric Ehrke-Schulz, Hubert Zirngibl, Andre Lieber, Anja Ehrhardt
Summary: This study generated novel oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) based on alternative Ad types and evaluated their anticancer activity on various cancer cell lines. The results showed that OAds based on Ad1, -2, and -6 demonstrated higher cell lysis capability compared with Ad5, and the enhanced oncolytic activity was associated with the expression of P19 in a cell type-dependent manner. In a mouse model, these P19-containing OAds based on Ad1, -2, and -6 showed significantly decelerated tumor progression compared with H101, indicating better antitumor potency in vivo.
MOLECULAR CANCER THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mansi Arora, James M. Bogenberger, Amro M. Abdelrahman, Jennifer Yonkus, Roberto Alva-Ruiz, Jennifer L. Leiting, Xianfeng Chen, Pedro Luiz Serrano Uson, Chelsae R. Dumbauld, Alexander T. Baker, Scott Gamb, Jan B. Egan, Yumei Zhou, Bolni Marius Nagalo, Nathalie Meurice, Eeva-Liisa Eskelinen, Marcela A. Salomao, Heidi E. Kosiorek, Esteban Braggio, Michael T. Barrett, Kenneth H. Buetow, Mohamad B. Sonbol, Aaron S. Mansfield, Lewis R. Roberts, Tanios S. Bekaii-Saab, Daniel H. Ahn, Mark J. Truty, Mitesh J. Borad
Summary: The combination of gemcitabine/cisplatin and CDK4/6 inhibitors showed enhanced efficacy, reduced toxicity, and better survival in BTC models. Monotherapy with abemaciclib had modest efficacy due to autophagy-induced resistance, but triplet therapy was able to potentiate efficacy through elimination of the autophagic flux. Abemaciclib also potentiated sensitization to gemcitabine through reduction of ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nehad Noby, Rachel L. Johnson, Jonathan D. Tyzack, Amira M. Embaby, Hesham Saeed, Ahmed Hussein, Sherine N. Khattab, Pierre J. Rizkallah, D. Dafydd Jones
Summary: The study on cold active esterase EstN7 reveals that its substrate range is limited but can be broadened through mutations, providing new insights for enzyme engineering.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Emily A. Bates, James A. Davies, Jana Vanova, Davor Nestic, Valerie S. Meniel, Sarah Koushyar, Tabitha G. Cunliffe, Rosie M. Mundy, Elise Moses, Hanni K. Uusi-Kerttula, Alexander T. Baker, David K. Cole, Dragomira Majhen, Pierre J. Rizkallah, Toby Phesse, John D. Chester, Alan L. Parker
Summary: Oncolytic virotherapies based on human adenoviruses show great clinical potential. Incorporating a peptide that selectively targets alpha v beta 6 integrin, the HAdV-D10 serotype vector can effectively target alpha v beta 6-positive tumor cells. Structural and biological studies show that HAdV-D10 has weak interactions with adenoviral receptors and does not engage blood coagulation factor X, reducing off-target hepatice sequestration. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that HAdV-D10.A20 selectively kills cancer cells and has significant potential for clinical translation.
MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Garry Dolton, Cristina Rius, Md Samiul Hasan, Aaron Wall, Barbara Szomolay, Enas Behiry, Thomas Whalley, Joel Southgate, Anna Fuller, Theo Morin, Katie Topley, Li Rong Tan, Philip J. R. Goulder, Owen B. Spiller, Pierre J. Rizkallah, Lucy C. Jones, Thomas R. Connor, Andrew K. Sewell
Summary: This study examined the CD8 T cell response against a specific epitope of the Spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and found that a specific mutation was not recognized by the majority of HLA A*02(+) convalescent patients and vaccinated individuals. This highlights the potential problem of viral escape at prevalent T cell epitopes restricted by high frequency HLAs and suggests the inclusion of multiple viral proteins in next generation vaccines. Monitoring T cell escape in new SARS-CoV-2 variants is crucial.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bolni Marius Nagalo, Yumei Zhou, Emilien J. Loeuillard, Chelsae Dumbauld, Oumar Barro, Alexander T. Baker, Mansi Arora, James M. Bogenberger, Natalie Meurice, Joachim Petit, Pedro Luiz Serrano Uson, Faaiq Asiam, Elizabeth Raupach, Musa Gabere, Alexei Basnakian, Camila C. Simoes, Martin J. Cannon, Steven R. Post, Kenneth Buetow, Jean Christopher Chamcheu, Michael T. Barrett, Dan G. Duda, Bertram Jacobs, Richard Vile, Michael A. Barry, Lewis R. Roberts, Sumera Llyas, Mitesh J. Borad
Summary: This study demonstrates that wild-type Morreton virus has potential therapeutic effects on cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro models. It can induce immune responses and lead to tumor regression. These findings support further development and clinical translation of Morreton virus as an oncolytic virotherapy platform.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Emma A. A. Swift, Steven M. M. Pollard, Alan L. L. Parker
Summary: Advances in gene therapy, cancer genomics, and immunotherapy have provided more strategies for targeting human cancers using viral vectors. Improving the construction of viral vectors and selecting therapeutic payloads can achieve more precise treatment effects and overcome the challenge of delivering genes to the entire population of cancer cells. It is important to use advanced human cellular models for screening and evaluating novel candidates.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tabitha G. Cunliffe, Alan L. Parker, Alfonso Jaramillo
Summary: Bacteriophages offer a powerful potential treatment against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Developing novel antibiotics is costly and time-consuming, while bacteria can quickly develop resistance. In contrast, phages can selectively kill pathogenic bacteria and adapt through mutation to regain infectivity.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hannah L. Best, Lainey J. Williamson, Magdalena Lipka-Lloyd, Helen Waller-Evans, Emyr Lloyd-Evans, Pierre J. Rizkallah, Colin Berry
Summary: Tpp80Aa1 from Bacillus thuringiensis is a toxin protein that shows activity against Culex mosquitoes, as well as larvae of Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The crystal structure of Tpp80Aa1 reveals its two domains, resembling ricin B lectin and aerolysin family, and its binding to the midgut of mosquitoes. The interaction with galactose-containing glycolipids and galactose is crucial for its insecticidal action.
Article
Virology
Emily A. Bates, Charlotte Lovatt, Alice R. Plein, James A. Davies, Florian A. Siebzehnrubl, Alan L. Parker
Summary: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and aggressive adult brain cancer with a low survival rate. Adenovirus-based gene therapy shows potential as an alternative treatment for GBM. By pseudotyping an HAdV-C5-based platform, we demonstrate that adenoviral entry receptors CAR, CD46, and DSG2 effectively transduce GBM cells. However, the presence of these receptors on healthy cells raises concerns about off-target effects and therapeutic gene expression in non-transformed cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Garry Dolton, Cristina Rius, Aaron Wall, Barbara Szomolay, Valentina Bianchi, Sarah A. E. Galloway, Md Samiul Hasan, Theo Morin, Marine E. Caillaud, Hannah L. Thomas, Sarah Theaker, Li Rong Tan, Anna Fuller, Katie Topley, Mateusz Legut, Meriem Attaf, Jade R. Hopkins, Enas Behiry, Joanna Zabkiewicz, Caroline Alvares, Angharad Lloyd, Amber Rogers, Peter Henley, Christopher Fegan, Oliver Ottmann, Stephen Man, Michael D. Crowther, Marco Donia, Inge Marie Svane, David K. Cole, Paul E. Brown, Pierre Rizkallah, Andrew K. Sewell
Summary: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy can activate T cells of the immune system to target and eliminate solid cancers. Through the use of combinatorial peptide libraries and a proteomic database, the antigen specificities of persistent cancer-specific T cell receptors (TCRs) were identified after successful therapy for stage IV malignant melanoma. These TCRs were capable of targeting multiple tumor types through specific epitopes, and the atomic structures revealed the importance of a shared recognition motif. The ability of these multi-epitope targeting T cells to recognize cancer cells surpasses the recognition of individual epitopes, making them promising candidates for future immunotherapies.
Article
Cell Biology
Yuan Chen, Georgina H. Mason, D. Oliver Scourfield, Alexander Greenshields-Watson, Tracey A. Haigh, Andrew K. Sewell, Heather M. Long, Awen M. Gallimore, Pierre Rizkallah, Bruce J. MacLachlan, Andrew Godkin
Summary: CD4+ T cells recognize a diverse range of SARS-CoV-2 peptide epitopes, contributing to immune memory and limiting COVID-19 disease. The immunogenicity of these peptides does not correlate with their binding affinity to HLA-DR1. X-ray crystallographic structures of six epitopes bound to HLA-DR1 reveal the molecular impact of viral variant mutations on epitope presentation. Omicron variant escapes immune recognition through mutations in TCR-facing epitope positions and a single amino acid substitution that alters the peptide-HLA structure.
Review
Oncology
Charlotte Lovatt, Alan L. Parker
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment, but their efficacy is limited to patients with significant lymphocyte infiltration. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have shown promise in selectively killing tumor cells and inducing immunogenic cell death, making them a potential modality for combination therapy to overcome the limitations of ICIs. By increasing immune cell infiltration and inducing anti-tumor immunity, OVs can change the cold tumor microenvironment associated with poor response to ICIs, rendering patients more susceptible to these therapies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hannah E. Preston, Rebecca Bayliss, Nigel Temperton, Martin Mayora Neto, Jason Brewer, Alan L. Parker
Summary: Infectious viral particles in bioaerosols generated during laparoscopic surgery pose a significant risk of infection for staff and patients. The use of devices that can capture and inactivate viral particles, such as electrostatic precipitation (EP), can prevent nosocomial viral spread.
Article
Oncology
Pedro Luiz Serrano Uson Junior, Umair Majeed, Jun Yin, Gehan Botrus, Mohamad Bassam Sonbol, Daniel H. Ahn, Jason S. Starr, Jeremy C. Jones, Hani Babiker, Samantha R. Inabinett, Natasha Wylie, Ashton W. R. Boyle, Tanios S. Bekaii-Saab, Gregory J. Gores, Rory Smoot, Michael Barrett, Bolni Nagalo, Nathalie Meurice, Natalie Elliott, Joachim Petit, Yumei Zhou, Mansi Arora, Chelsae Dumbauld, Oumar Barro, Alexander Baker, James Bogenberger, Kenneth Buetow, Aaron Mansfield, Kabir Mody, Mitesh J. Borad
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in metastatic biliary tract cancers (BTCs) treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. The results showed that DCAF > 3% was associated with worse overall survival (OS). Stratifying DCAF into quartiles, DCAF > 10% was significantly related to worse progression-free survival (PFS) and OS. Each 1% increase in ctDNA was associated with a decrease in survival probabilities.
JCO PRECISION ONCOLOGY
(2022)