Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Lucia Mastrototaro, Michael Roden
Summary: Lifestyle modification is the first-line approach for preventing and treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which is often linked to obesity and characterized by insulin resistance and defective pancreatic insulin secretion. Exercise training plays a crucial role in lifestyle modification by reducing body fat mass, enhancing skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and insulin-independent glucose uptake to improve insulin resistance. Furthermore, exercise stimulates the release of various factors such as exerkines, long non-coding RNA, microRNAs, cell-free DNA, and extracellular vesicles, which contribute to inter-tissue communication. The altered number and content of extracellular vesicles in obesity and T2DM may be involved in metabolic processes related to insulin resistance, suggesting their potential as new biomarkers for early diagnosis and personalized treatment of T2DM.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Roberta Ribeiro, Emanuele Guimaraes Silva, Felipe Caixeta Moreira, Giovanni Freitas Gomes, Gabriela Reis Cussat, Barbara Stehling Ramos Silva, Maria Carolina Machado da Silva, Heliana de Barros Fernandes, Carolina de Sena Oliveira, Leonardo de Oliveira Guarnieri, Victoria Lopes, Claudia Natalia Ferreira, Ana Maria Caetano de Faria, Tatiani Uceli Maioli, Fabiola Mara Ribeiro, Aline Silva de Miranda, Grace Schenatto Pereira Moraes, Antonio Carlos Pinheiro de Oliveira, Luciene Bruno Vieira
Summary: Chronic consumption of hyperpalatable and hypercaloric foods has been shown to be associated with cognitive decline and memory impairment in obesity. This study investigates the effects of a highly palatable diet on neuroinflammation, glutamatergic dysfunction, and memory impairment. The results suggest that the diet leads to decreased memory reconsolidation and extinction, increased hippocampal glutamate levels, and elevated hippocampal fractalkine levels.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eunbi Cho, Se Jin Jeon, Jieun Jeon, Jee Hyun Yi, Huiyoung Kwon, Hyun-Ji Kwon, Kyoung Ja Kwon, Minho Moon, Chan Young Shin, Dong Hyun Kim
Summary: Phyllodulcin, a component of hydrangea, can inhibit the aggregation of A beta and improve memory impairments in AD mice, suggesting it may be a potential treatment for AD.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pawel Sutkowy, Alina Wozniak, Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska, Karolina Szewczyk-Golec, Roland Wesolowski, Marta Pawlowska, Jaroslaw Nuszkiewicz
Summary: Physical exercise has been proven to improve cognitive function and memory, provide analgesic and antidepressant effects, delay brain aging, and prevent the development of diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders. It helps to maintain the oxidant-antioxidant balance, preventing or alleviating oxidative stress.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Rajesh Gupta, Rizwan Khan, Constanza J. Cortes
Summary: Regular exercise is essential for maintaining healthy neurocognitive function and CNS immuno-metabolism, reducing the risk of Alzheimer's Disease and improving cognitive function in AD patients. Skeletal muscle serves as a significant secretory organ during exercise, releasing myokines that may play a role in the documented benefits of exercise in AD. However, there is limited research on the specific alterations in skeletal muscle-originating secreted factors and their potential neuroprotective effects in AD.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Zihang Feng, Haomiao Bai, Yubo Sun, Weilu Gao, Jia Li, Xiangyang Qin, Xing Zhang
Summary: Exercise in cold environment has a synergistical beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. It increases stress on the cardiovascular system but also improves tolerance to detrimental insults. Exercise in cold also has noticeable effects on sympathetic nervous activation, bioenergetics, anti-oxidative capacity, and immune response. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and prescribe cold exercise to those who can benefit from it.
Review
Oncology
Amirhossein Ahmadi Hekmatikar, Andre Nelson, Aaron Petersen
Summary: This study reviewed the role of Exerkines in cancer cachexia. By analyzing human and animal studies, it concluded that exercise has a positive impact on slowing down and controlling cancer cachexia.
Review
Cell Biology
Sanela Dozic, Erin J. Howden, James R. Bell, Kimberley M. Mellor, Lea M. D. Delbridge, Kate L. Weeks
Summary: Exercise can protect the heart from the cardiotoxic effects of cancer drugs and improve heart function. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of this cardioprotective effect.
Review
Cell Biology
Ishitha Reddy, Yamini Yadav, Chinmoy Sankar Dey
Summary: Exercise has established beneficial effects on the body and brain, involving various molecular and cellular changes that regulate energy metabolism, neurogenesis, and overall well-being.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Thomas H. Lee, Ahadullah, Brian R. Christie, Kangguang Lin, Parco Ming-fai Siu, Li Zhang, Ti-fei Yuan, Pragya Komal, Aimin Xu, Kwok-fai So, Suk-yu Yau
Summary: Administration of exercise mimetic drugs, such as AdipoRon, can improve hippocampal-dependent spatial recognition memory in diabetic mice. AdipoRon treatment increases progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus, and also enhances dendritic complexity and spine density. Furthermore, AdipoRon activates AMPK/PGC-1 alpha signalling to mimic the benefits of physical exercise for learning and memory in the diabetic brain.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christine Joisten
Summary: Physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior are crucial in treating diabetes, regardless of type. Type 1 diabetes patients who are physically active have lower cardiovascular risks, longer life expectancy, and fewer complications. For type 2 diabetes, exercise not only improves physical performance, but also reduces cardiovascular risks and improves blood glucose control. It is important to combine endurance and strength training, aiming for at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week.
Review
Cell Biology
Duarte Barros, Elisa A. Marques, Jose Magalhaes, Joana Carvalho
Summary: Frailty is a complex condition that arises from dysregulation in multiple physiological systems, and age-related energy dysregulation may play a key role in frailty. Exercise is considered the most effective intervention to prevent and improve frailty, but the underlying mechanisms and molecules are not fully understood. Skeletal muscle functions as a secretory organ, producing exercise-related molecules such as myokines, which have important effects on cardiovascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological health.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Haijun Dong, Man Qin, Peng Wang, Shufan Li, Xing Wang
Summary: This review summarizes the regulatory effects of exercise on adipose tissue metabolism and the possible mechanisms, with special focus on activating the sympathetic nervous system and promoting the secretion of exerkines. These findings have implications for the prevention and treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases through exercise.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Min Wu, Maolin Liao, Rongfeng Huang, Chunxiu Chen, Tian Tian, Hongying Wang, Jiayu Li, Jibin Li, Yuxiang Sun, Chaodong Wu, Qifu Li, Xiaoqiu Xiao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of TREM2 overexpression on cognitive dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet. The results showed that TREM2 overexpression ameliorated cognitive impairment and promoted microglia polarization towards the anti-inflammatory phenotype in obese diabetic mice.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Anwen Yin, Ruosen Yuan, Qingqing Xiao, Weifeng Zhang, Ke Xu, Xiaoxiao Yang, Wentao Yang, Lei Xu, Xia Wang, Fei Zhuang, Yi Li, Zhaohua Cai, Zhe Sun, Bin Zhou, Ben He, Linghong Shen
Summary: This study reveals that exercise induces the expression of CCDC80 protein and the release of its derivative, CCDC80tide, into the circulation via vesicles. Cardiac-specific expression of CCDC80tide protects the heart from pathological cardiac remodeling and exerts cardioprotective effects by inhibiting the STAT3 signaling pathway.
Article
Neurosciences
Suk-Yu Yau, Thomas Ho-Yin Lee, Ang Li, Aimin Xu, Kwok-Fai So
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2018)
Review
Neurosciences
Douglas Affonso Formolo, Thomas Ho-Yin Lee, Suk-Yu Yau
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Suk-Yu Yau, Thomas Ho-Yin Lee, Douglas Affonso Formolo, Wing-Lun Lee, Leo Chun-Kit Li, Parco M. Siu, Chetwyn C. H. Chan
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2019)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas Ho-yin Lee, Kenneth King-yip Cheng, Ruby Lai-chong Hoo, Parco Ming-fai Siu, Suk-yu Yau
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas H. Lee, Brian R. Christie, Henriette van Praag, Kangguang Lin, Parco Ming-Fai Siu, Aimin Xu, Kwok-Fai So, Suk-yu Yau
Summary: This study found that low-dose AdipoRon treatment promoted hippocampal cell proliferation in mice, while high-dose AdipoRon treatment had detrimental effects on hippocampal function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Thomas H. Lee, Ahadullah, Brian R. Christie, Kangguang Lin, Parco Ming-fai Siu, Li Zhang, Ti-fei Yuan, Pragya Komal, Aimin Xu, Kwok-fai So, Suk-yu Yau
Summary: Administration of exercise mimetic drugs, such as AdipoRon, can improve hippocampal-dependent spatial recognition memory in diabetic mice. AdipoRon treatment increases progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus, and also enhances dendritic complexity and spine density. Furthermore, AdipoRon activates AMPK/PGC-1 alpha signalling to mimic the benefits of physical exercise for learning and memory in the diabetic brain.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Suk-Yu Yau, Yvette Siu Ling Yip, Douglas A. Formolo, Siyuen He, Thomas Ho Yin Lee, Chunyi Wen, Deanne H. Hryciw
Summary: This study found that chronic consumption of a diet rich in high linoleic acid during pregnancy, lactation, and post-weaning did not affect sociability and social recognition memory in female offspring, but induced depression-like behavior in male offspring.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Julia M. Rosa, Douglas A. Formolo, Jiasui Yu, Thomas H. Lee, Suk-yu Yau
Summary: This article summarizes the recent findings on the potential roles of gut microbiota and microRNAs in the neuropathology of depression and anxiety, highlighting their potential as treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Douglas A. Formolo, Thomas H. Lee, Jiasui Yu, Kangguang Lin, Gang Chen, Georg S. Kranz, Suk-Yu Yau
Summary: Sub-chronic treatment with AdipoRon has antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in mice, independent of changes in hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity.