Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Heinig Leo, Markus Kipp
Summary: Remyelination therapies are crucial in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, and the cuprizone model is a widely used model to study the effectiveness of new compounds. This review article summarizes recent findings using this model and discusses the potential of identified compounds in promoting remyelination.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Mohammad Bakhtiari, Nazem Ghasemi, Hossein Salehi, Noushin Amirpour, Mohammad Kazemi, Mohammad Mardani
Summary: The study demonstrates that the combination of Edaravone with hADSCs effectively reduces demyelination and increases oligodendrogenesis in the multiple sclerosis models.
Review
Neurosciences
Kelley C. C. Atkinson, Marvellous Osunde, Seema K. K. Tiwari-Woodruff
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) with mitochondrial energy production failure. Mitochondrial morphology changes and impaired transport contribute to neurodegeneration and disability in MS. Current methodologies for studying mitochondria in MS only provide a partial understanding, and cell-specific studies in animal models are needed for a comprehensive understanding.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Soniya Xavier, Simin Younesi, Luba Sominsky, Sarah J. Spencer
Summary: The hyper-activity of microglia, innate immune cells in the brain, is a characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the impact of microglia on the disease and the potential therapeutic role of manipulating microglial activity remain unclear. This study found that inhibiting microglial activity with minocycline can prevent early changes related to demyelination in male rats but not in females, indicating sex-specific effects of microglia inhibition on MS progression.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helga Polyak, Zsolt Galla, Nikolett Nanasi, Edina Katalin Cseh, Cecilia Rajda, Gabor Veres, Eleonora Spekker, Agnes Szabo, Peter Klivenyi, Masaru Tanaka, Laszlo Vecsei
Summary: This study investigated the changes in tryptophan-kynurenine metabolic system in a cuprizone-induced mouse model of demyelination. The results showed a significant reduction in kynurenic acid, 3-hydoxykynurenine, and xanthurenic acid in the plasma, as well as a significant reduction in 3-HK and anthranilic acid in the brain samples during demyelination. These findings suggest that the profile of kynurenine metabolites may serve as a biomarker of progressive multiple sclerosis.
Article
Neurosciences
Lara-Jasmin Schroeder, Felix Mulenge, Andreas Pavlou, Thomas Skripuletz, Martin Stangel, Viktoria Gudi, Ulrich Kalinke
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the transcriptomic signatures of astrocytes during demyelination and remyelination in the cuprizone mouse model. They found that reactive astrocytes showed an inflammatory response during demyelination, while during remyelination, there was a shift towards tissue remodeling and regeneration. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of astrocyte functions during neurodegeneration and regeneration.
Article
Neurosciences
Intakhar Ahmad, Stig Wergeland, Eystein Oveland, Lars Bo
Summary: This study found that CHI3L1 is associated with neuronal deterioration, pre-lesion pathology, and inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS).
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Giulia Cisbani, Silvia Poggini, Nataly Laflamme, Vincent Pons, Marie-Eve Tremblay, Igor Branchi, Serge Rivest
Summary: The study aimed to phenotype the behavior of cuprizone-fed mice using the automated system Intellicage. The results consistently showed reduced activity and impulsivity in cuprizone-fed mice. This suggests that behavioral phenotyping using Intellicage is reproducible and sensitive in detecting changes missed by standard behavioral tests.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Concordia Lubrich, Paula Giesler, Markus Kipp
Summary: In this review, the validity and characteristics of the rotarod test in cuprizone-intoxicated mice are provided. The rotarod test is a commonly used method to determine gait abnormalities.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Filipe Palavra, Sofia D. Viana, Sara Henriques, Joao Dinis, Joao Martins, Maria H. Madeira, Raquel Santiago, Lorena Petrella, Jose Sereno
Summary: The study demonstrates that a two-week period after cessation of Cuprizone exposure is sufficient to establish changes compatible with remyelination. This provides a time window for studying demyelination and early remyelination.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Fatemeh Tahmasebi, Parichehr Pasbakhsh, Shirin Barati, Soheila Madadi, Iraj R. Kashani
Summary: This study demonstrated that 21 days of PLX3397 treatment significantly reduced microglial cells, and MSCs transplantation decreased the number of astrocytes while increasing the population of oligodendrocytes, thereby promoting remyelination. Additionally, the results showed that PLX and MSC treatment elevated levels of remyelination in the corpus callosum of the cuprizone model of MS, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy for MS.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Martin Zirngibl, Peggy Assinck, Anastasia Sizov, Andrew Caprariello, Jason R. Plemel
Summary: This review provides an updated understanding of cuprizone-induced demyelination, showcasing two modes of action: intrinsic cell damage and extrinsic cellular damage. Recent developments in research on different forms of cell death induced by cuprizone are also summarized.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Soosan Pourmohammadi, Mehrdad Roghani, Zahra Kiasalari, Mohsen Khalili
Summary: This study found that paeonol can alleviate cuprizone-induced demyelination and cognitive deficits in mice. Paeonol reverses oxidative stress and inflammation, and improves mitochondrial health to exert its protective effects.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Malena Beecken, Louise Baumann, Elise Vankriekelsvenne, Katerina Manzhula, Theresa Greiner, Leo Heinig, Steffen Schauerte, Markus Kipp, Sarah Joost
Summary: The Cuprizone mouse model is widely used in studies on de- and remyelination, but different experimenters using different concentrations of Cuprizone result in considerable variability in demyelination levels, and the reasons for this are unknown. In this study, we tested whether different Cuprizone formulations from different vendors and manufacturers influenced Cuprizone-induced histopathological hallmarks. The results showed that all tested formulations induced demyelination, astrogliosis, microgliosis, axonal damage and a moderate drop in body weight at the beginning of the intoxication period, but two formulations performed weaker than the others. Therefore, the choice of Cuprizone formulation may contribute to the considerable variability in experimental outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Victoria Sofia Berenice Wies Mancini, Anabella Ayelen Di Pietro, Laura Andrea Pasquini
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by demyelination in the central nervous system. The disease is influenced by immune dysregulation, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors. Microglia and astrocytes play important roles in the immunopathology of multiple sclerosis, controlling demyelination and neurodegeneration.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.