Review
Cell Biology
Chunhua Yang, Mengna Wei, Yanpu Zhao, Zhanyi Yang, Mengyao Song, Jia Mi, Xiaoyong Yang, Geng Tian
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) in pancreatic beta cells play crucial roles in insulin secretion and have significant implications for diabetes mellitus development. This article summarizes the major PTMs occurring in beta cells and their impact on insulin secretion, providing valuable insights into the understanding of insulin secretion mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for diabetes from the perspective of protein PTMs.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Linbin Zhou, Danny Siu-Chun Ng, Jason C. Yam, Li Jia Chen, Clement C. Tham, Chi Pui Pang, Wai Kit Chu
Summary: This review summarizes recent findings on the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the functions of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). PTMs on pRb play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation, cell survival, and differentiation, and altered PTMs can lead to anomalies in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Understanding the post-translational modulation of pRb could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various human diseases.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siyi Zhang, Tingting Zhou, Zhuo Wang, Fei Yi, Chunlu Li, Wendong Guo, Hongde Xu, Hongyan Cui, Xiang Dong, Jingwei Liu, Xiaoyu Song, Liu Cao
Summary: Faithful DNA replication is crucial for cell survival and inheritance, but damage can lead to replication stalling and DNA lesions. Post-translational modifications of PCNA regulate DNA synthesis and damage tolerance to maintain genomic stability. Dysregulation of PCNA PTMs can result in DNA breaks, affecting cell response and causing mutations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yanfeng Wang, Feng Wang
Summary: Post-translational modifications like ubiquitination play crucial roles in regulating biological processes in eukaryotes, with DUBs being key enzymes that control ubiquitin-related pathways. Dysregulation of DUBs can lead to various diseases. Phosphorylation is the most extensively studied post-translational modification of DUBs, influencing their function and activity.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Celia R. Bloom, Brian J. North
Summary: BubR1 plays a crucial role in mitosis and its post-translational modifications are important for its function, which may be associated with pathological conditions.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Carolina Alquezar, Shruti Arya, Aimee W. Kao
Summary: Post-translational modifications play a crucial role in regulating tau protein function, including phosphorylation and acetylation. While these modifications may regulate protein function under normal conditions, they can be hijacked in disease states. Limited understanding exists on how these modifications impact tau protein, but studies indicate their critical role in localization, interactions, and other aspects.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ivana Samarzija
Summary: The specific functional form of a protein is mostly achieved through dynamic interactions of many enzymes in post-translational modifications, which cells widely use to respond to stimuli, regulate transcription, and maintain proteostasis. Post-translational modifications play important roles in driving prostate cancer, particularly in regulating protein activity at the level of post-translational modifications.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Adam Albanese, Leonard A. Daly, Daniela Mennerich, Thomas Kietzmann, Violaine See
Summary: The hypoxia signaling pathway allows cells to adapt to decreased oxygen availability, with HIF transcription factors playing a crucial role in inducing the expression of hypoxia-regulated genes. In addition to hydroxylation, other post-translational modifications of HIF also play a crucial role in altering its localization, stability, and activity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jaquelini B. Canever, Ericks Sousa Soares, Nubia C. P. de Avelar, Helena I. Cimarosti
Summary: This review provides an overview of the pathophysiological roles of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease and discusses various post-translational modifications that are implicated in its functions. It also highlights the potential of alpha-synuclein PTMs as biomarkers for PD.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Sadat Shafi, Archu Singh, Paras Gupta, Pooja A. Chawla, Faizana Fayaz, Anjali Sharma, Faheem H. Pottoo
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by detrimental modifications in brain proteins, leading to aggregation, misfolding, and deposition. Post-Translational Modifications (PTM) play crucial roles in regulating protein characteristics, but the underlying mechanisms causing abnormal PTM remain poorly understood. Studying specific disease-associated protein PTM is crucial for evaluating protein functional alterations and their association with neurodegeneration.
CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Ana Gonzalez-Garcia, Antonio Garrido, Ana C. Carrera
Summary: Genetic alterations in the PI3-kinase/PTEN pathway are common in cancer cells. Current efforts to treat PTEN-dependent tumors mainly focus on PI3-kinase inhibition, but modulating PTEN post-translational modifications could provide alternative therapeutic strategies.
Review
Cell Biology
Sambit K. Nanda, Stefan Vollmer, Ana B. Perez-Oliva
Summary: This review summarizes classical post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, and SUMOylation of the different components of NLRP3 and other emerging inflammasomes. The importance of these modifications in the biology, function, and regulation of these multiprotein complexes in various immune processes and human diseases is highlighted. Less-studied modifications and disease-associated mutations affecting PTMs are also discussed. The review concludes by emphasizing how a deeper understanding of different PTMs can contribute to the development of biomarkers and identification of novel drug targets for diseases associated with inflammasome malfunctioning.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Xiaoming Dai, Yang Gao, Wenyi Wei
Summary: Antibody therapies targeting PD-1/PD-L1 have revolutionized cancer treatment, but only a small fraction of patients respond well. Understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating PD-1/PD-L1 expression can lead to improvements in anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
SEMINARS IN CANCER BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Chong Feng, Lening Zhang, Xin Chang, Dongliang Qin, Tao Zhang
Summary: The immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and PD-L1 are promising targets for tumor immunotherapy. PD-L1 overexpression on tumor cells inhibits T cell activation by binding to PD-1, leading to tumor immune escape. Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 involves blocking this binding and restoring immune cell killing effect.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Catherine Gough, Ari Sadanandom
Summary: Plants have evolved complex defence signalling networks to combat pathogen attacks, with post-translational modifications playing a crucial role in plant immunity. Manipulating defence-related PTMs has the potential to produce disease-resistant crops without compromising growth and fitness.