Recent Progress on Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Nonpolymeric Materials

Aggregation Induced Emission Small Molecules for Blue Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2019) Jumi Park et al.   JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY

Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells of Single Crystal Hybrid Halide Perovskite with Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Contacts

(2019) Pavao Andričević et al.   ACS Photonics

Halide Perovskite Photovoltaics: Background, Status, and Future Prospects

(2019) Ajay Kumar Jena et al.   CHEMICAL REVIEWS

A Review of Perovskites Solar Cell Stability

(2019) Rui Wang et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

The Emergence of Organic Single Crystal Electronics

(2019) Wenping Hu et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

The Rise of Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes

(2019) Zhanhua Wei et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Realization of Red Iridium-Based Ionic Transition Metal Complex Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells (iTMC-LECs) by Interface-Induced Color Shift

(2019) Julia Frohleiks et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Deciphering the Electroluminescence Behavior of Silver(I)‐Complexes in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells: Limitations and Solutions toward Highly Stable Devices

(2019) Elisa Fresta et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Chemically Tuned p‐ and n‐Type WSe 2 Monolayers with High Carrier Mobility for Advanced Electronics

(2019) Hyun Goo Ji et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

A room-temperature polariton light-emitting diode based on monolayer WS2

(2019) Jie Gu et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Enhancing the Overall Performances of Blue Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells by Using an Electron-Injecting/Transporting Ionic Additive

(2018) Lei He et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Self-Aligned and Scalable Growth of Monolayer WSe2 -MoS2 Lateral Heterojunctions

(2018) Ming-Yang Li et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as Light Sources

(2018) Jiang Pu et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides: interface and defect engineering

(2018) Zehua Hu et al.   CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS

GaN light-emitting device based on ionic liquid electrolyte

(2018) Tomoaki Hirai et al.   JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS

Light emission from organic single crystals operated by electrolyte doping

(2018) Keiichiro Matsuki et al.   JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS

Phenothiazine derivatives as an easily accessible emitter for green light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2018) Kim Jongseong et al.   JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE

Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells based on Inorganic Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

(2018) Meltem F. Aygüler et al.   JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS

Strain distributions and their influence on electronic structures of WSe2–MoS2 laterally strained heterojunctions

(2018) Chendong Zhang et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Contextualizing yellow light-emitting electrochemical cells based on a blue-emitting imidazo-pyridine emitter

(2018) Elisa Fresta et al.   POLYHEDRON

Novel dendritic large molecules as solution-processable thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters for simple structured non-doped organic light emitting diodes

(2018) Mallesham Godumala et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Dynamics of Charge Distribution in Sandwich-Type Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Probed by the Stark Effect

(2018) Andrius Devižis et al.   ACS Photonics

All-organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for organic light-emitting diodes

(2018) Yuchao Liu et al.   Nature Reviews Materials

Controlling Ion Distribution for High-Performance Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Sublimable Cationic Iridium(III) Complexes

(2018) Dongxin Ma et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Electroluminescent Devices Based on 2D Semiconducting Transition Metal Dichalcogenides

(2018) Junyong Wang et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals for Electronics and Photonics

(2018) Xiaotao Zhang et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Polymers: Structures, Properties, and Applications in OLED Devices

(2018) Qiang Wei et al.   MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS

A light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) containing a hole-blocking layer of TmPyPB

(2018) Miriam Di Marcantonio et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Direct Measurement of Ion Redistribution and Resulting Modification of Chemical Equilibria in Polymer Thin Film Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2018) Maciej Kawecki et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Design and Realization of White Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Hybrid Devices

(2018) Julia Frohleiks et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Growth of two-dimensional materials on hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)

(2018) Xinsheng Wang et al.   NANOTECHNOLOGY

Perovskite light-emitting diodes with external quantum efficiency exceeding 20 per cent

(2018) Kebin Lin et al.   NATURE

Highly Stable and Efficient Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Cationic Iridium Complexes Bearing Arylazole Ancillary Ligands

(2017) Marta Martínez-Alonso et al.   INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Blue Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Angularly Structured Phenanthroimidazole Derivatives

(2017) Madayanad Suresh Subeesh et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Highly Stable Red-Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2017) Cathrin D. Ertl et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Phenothiazine based blue emitter for light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2017) Kanagaraj Shanmugasundaram et al.   NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY

Visible light-emitting host-guest electrochemical cells using cyanine dyes

(2017) Sandra Jenatsch et al.   ORGANIC ELECTRONICS

Design rules for light-emitting electrochemical cells delivering bright luminance at 27.5 percent external quantum efficiency

(2017) Shi Tang et al.   Nature Communications

Tuning the Color Temperature of White-Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells by Laser-Scanning Perovskite-Nanocrystal Color Conversion Layers

(2017) Wen-Kuang Wu et al.   ChemPlusChem

Green-yellow emitting hybrid light emitting electrochemical cell

(2017) M. Di Marcantonio et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Water-free synthesis of ZnO quantum dots for application as an electron injection layer in light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2017) S. Daumann et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Deep-blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters for light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs)

(2017) Michael Y. Wong et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Beyond traditional light-emitting electrochemical cells – a review of new device designs and emitters

(2017) Elisa Fresta et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Low-Cost, Organic Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells with Mass-Producible Nanoimprinted Substrates Made Using Roll-to-Roll Methods

(2017) Kan Sato et al.   Advanced Materials Technologies

CuInS2 -Based Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells (QLECs)

(2017) Julia Frohleiks et al.   Advanced Materials Technologies

Efficient near infrared light emitting electrochemical cell (NIR-LEEC) based on new binuclear ruthenium phenanthroimidazole exhibiting desired charge carrier dynamics

(2017) Babak Nemati Bideh et al.   Scientific Reports

Enhanced Luminance of Electrochemical Cells with a Rationally Designed Ionic Iridium Complex and an Ionic Additive

(2016) Kristin J. Suhr et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Influence of Lithium Additives in Small Molecule Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2016) Kuo-Yao Lin et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Quantum Dot/Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Hybrid Device and Mechanism of Its Operation

(2016) Julia Frohleiks et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

From White to Red: Electric-Field Dependent Chromaticity of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells based on Archetypal Porphyrins

(2016) Michael D. Weber et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Highly Flexible and High-Performance Complementary Inverters of Large-Area Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Monolayers

(2016) Jiang Pu et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Photodetection in p–n junctions formed by electrolyte-gated transistors of two-dimensional crystals

(2016) Daichi Kozawa et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Benefits of using BODIPY–porphyrin dyads for developing deep-red lighting sources

(2016) M. D. Weber et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Luminescent osmium(ii) bi-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl complexes: photophysical characterisation and application in light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2016) Daniel A. W. Ross et al.   DALTON TRANSACTIONS

Cunning metal core: efficiency/stability dilemma in metallated porphyrin based light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2016) Katharina T. Weber et al.   DALTON TRANSACTIONS

Charging and discharging of a planar polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell

(2016) Faleh AlTal et al.   ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA

Host–Dopant System To Generate Bright Electroluminescence from Small Organic Molecule Functionalized Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2016) Madayanad Suresh Subeesh et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell Blends Based on Selection of Lithium Salts, LiX [X = Trifluoromethanesulfonate, Hexafluorophosphate, and Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] with Low Turn-On Voltage

(2016) Kenji Jianzhi Chee et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Fundamentals of lateral and vertical heterojunctions of atomically thin materials

(2016) Anupum Pant et al.   Nanoscale

Electrical generation and control of the valley carriers in a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide

(2016) Yu Ye et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Surface functionalization of two-dimensional metal chalcogenides by Lewis acid–base chemistry

(2016) Sidong Lei et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Perovskite photonic sources

(2016) Brandon R. Sutherland et al.   Nature Photonics

Photonics and optoelectronics of 2D semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides

(2016) Kin Fai Mak et al.   Nature Photonics

Flexible blue-green and white light-emitting electrochemical cells based on cationic iridium complex

(2016) Jiaqi Wu et al.   ORGANIC ELECTRONICS

Multi-carbazole encapsulation as a simple strategy for the construction of solution-processed, non-doped thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters

(2016) Jiajia Luo et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells: A Review on Recent Progress

(2016) Shi Tang et al.   Topics in Current Chemistry

Blue and Blue-Green Light-Emitting Cationic Iridium Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Optoelectronic Properties

(2015) Chozhidakath Damodharan Sunesh et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells with a Large Capacitance

(2015) Huimin Zhang et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Controlling the Chromaticity of Small-Molecule Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on TIPS-Pentacene

(2015) Michael D. Weber et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Carbazole Dendrimers as Solution-Processable Thermally Activated Delayed-Fluorescence Materials

(2015) Ken Albrecht et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Strategy for improved frequency response of electric double-layer capacitors

(2015) Yoshifumi Wada et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells and Solution-Processed Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Small Molecule Organic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters

(2015) Michael Y. Wong et al.   CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS

Phenanthroimidazole Derivative as an Easily Accessible Emitter for Non-Doped Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2015) Madayanad Suresh Subeesh et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry C

Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Based on Hybrid Lead Halide Perovskite Nanoparticles

(2015) Meltem F. Aygüler et al.   Journal of Physical Chemistry C

High-mobility three-atom-thick semiconducting films with wafer-scale homogeneity

(2015) Kibum Kang et al.   NATURE

Light-emitting diodes by band-structure engineering in van der Waals heterostructures

(2015) F. Withers et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Strong light–matter coupling in two-dimensional atomic crystals

(2015) Xiaoze Liu et al.   Nature Photonics

A colour-tunable, weavable fibre-shaped polymer light-emitting electrochemical cell

(2015) Zhitao Zhang et al.   Nature Photonics

Synthesis and photophysical characterization of an ionic fluorene derivative for blue light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2015) Kanagaraj Shanmugasundaram et al.   ORGANIC ELECTRONICS

Near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield in MoS2

(2015) M. Amani et al.   SCIENCE

Exceptionally long-lived light-emitting electrochemical cells: multiple intra-cation π-stacking interactions in [Ir(C^N)2(N^N)][PF6] emitters

(2015) Andreas M. Bünzli et al.   Chemical Science

Transport properties of pristine few-layer black phosphorus by van der Waals passivation in an inert atmosphere

(2015) Rostislav A. Doganov et al.   Nature Communications

First light-emitting electrochemical cell with [Ag(i)(N^N)(P^P)] type complex

(2015) Omar Moudam et al.   RSC Advances

Utilization of a phenanthroimidazole based fluorophore in light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2015) Madayanad Suresh Subeesh et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Efficient white polymer light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2015) Yan Xiong et al.   Materials Horizons

Saturated and Multi-Colored Electroluminescence from Quantum Dots Based Light Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2014) Gang Qian et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

The Compromises of Printing Organic Electronics: A Case Study of Gravure-Printed Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2014) Gerardo Hernandez-Sosa et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Spraying Light: Ambient-Air Fabrication of Large-Area Emissive Devices on Complex-Shaped Surfaces

(2014) Andreas Sandström et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Control of emission colour with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands in phosphorescent three-coordinate Cu(i) complexes

(2014) Valentina A. Krylova et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Five-Coordinate Indium(III) Porphyrins with Hydroxy and Carboxy BODIPY as Axial Ligands: Synthesis, Characterization and Photophysical Studies

(2014) Manas K. Panda et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) and Enhancing Photoluminescence Quantum Yields of [CuI(diimine)(diphosphine)]+ Complexes—Photophysical, Structural, and Computational Studies

(2014) Charlotte L. Linfoot et al.   INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Luminescent Dinuclear Cu(I) Complexes Containing Rigid Tetraphosphine Ligands

(2014) Claudia Bizzarri et al.   INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Circularly Polarized Luminescence by Visible-Light Absorption in a Chiral O-BODIPY Dye: Unprecedented Design of CPL Organic Molecules from Achiral Chromophores

(2014) Esther M. Sánchez-Carnerero et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Phosphorescence versus Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Controlling Singlet–Triplet Splitting in Brightly Emitting and Sublimable Cu(I) Compounds

(2014) Markus J. Leitl et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Light-emitting electrochemical cells: recent progress and future prospects

(2014) Sebastian B. Meier et al.   Materials Today

Effective Passivation of Exfoliated Black Phosphorus Transistors against Ambient Degradation

(2014) Joshua D. Wood et al.   NANO LETTERS

Electroluminescence and Photocurrent Generation from Atomically Sharp WSe2/MoS2 Heterojunction p–n Diodes

(2014) Rui Cheng et al.   NANO LETTERS

Solution-processed, high-performance light-emitting diodes based on quantum dots

(2014) Xingliang Dai et al.   NATURE

Optoelectronic devices based on electrically tunable p–n diodes in a monolayer dichalcogenide

(2014) Britton W. H. Baugher et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Electrically tunable excitonic light-emitting diodes based on monolayer WSe2 p–n junctions

(2014) Jason S. Ross et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Solar-energy conversion and light emission in an atomic monolayer p–n diode

(2014) Andreas Pospischil et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Two-dimensional material nanophotonics

(2014) Fengnian Xia et al.   Nature Photonics

Spin and pseudospins in layered transition metal dichalcogenides

(2014) Xiaodong Xu et al.   Nature Physics

Dinuclear Cu(I) complexes prepared from 2-diphenylphosphino-6-methylpyridine

(2014) J.-J. Cid et al.   POLYHEDRON

Electrically Switchable Chiral Light-Emitting Transistor

(2014) Y. J. Zhang et al.   SCIENCE

The pursuit of electrically-driven organic semiconductor lasers

(2014) Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri et al.   Journal of Materials Chemistry C

Dynamic Doping in Planar Ionic Transition Metal Complex-Based Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2013) Sebastian B. Meier et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

Improving light-emitting electrochemical cells with ionic additives

(2013) Yulong Shen et al.   APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS

Small-molecule light-emitting electrochemical cells: evidence for in situ electrochemical doping and functional operation

(2013) Shi Tang et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Polymorphism, Fluorescence, and Optoelectronic Properties of a Borazine Derivative

(2013) Simon Kervyn et al.   CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL

White Light from a Single-Emitter Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell

(2013) Shi Tang et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells Using Cyanine Dyes as the Active Components

(2013) Antonio Pertegás et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Formation of a Stable p–n Junction in a Liquid-Gated MoS2 Ambipolar Transistor

(2013) Y. J. Zhang et al.   NANO LETTERS

Electroluminescence in Single Layer MoS2

(2013) R. S. Sundaram et al.   NANO LETTERS

Evolution of Electronic Structure in Atomically Thin Sheets of WS2 and WSe2

(2012) Weijie Zhao et al.   ACS Nano

Luminescent Ionic Transition-Metal Complexes for Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2012) Rubén D. Costa et al.   ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION

Electron vs Energy Transfer in Arrays Featuring Two Bodipy Chromophores Axially Bound to a Sn(IV) Porphyrin via a Phenolate or Benzoate Bridge

(2012) Theodore Lazarides et al.   INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides

(2012) Qing Hua Wang et al.   Nature Nanotechnology

Coupled Spin and Valley Physics in Monolayers ofMoS2and Other Group-VI Dichalcogenides

(2012) Di Xiao et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS

Ambient fabrication of flexible and large-area organic light-emitting devices using slot-die coating

(2012) Andreas Sandström et al.   Nature Communications

White Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell

(2011) Shi Tang et al.   ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

Promising Fast Energy Transfer System via an Easy Synthesis: Bodipy–Porphyrin Dyads Connected via a Cyanuric Chloride Bridge, Their Synthesis, and Electrochemical and Photophysical Investigations

(2011) Theodore Lazarides et al.   INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

An ionic terfluorene derivative for saturated deep-blue solid state light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2011) Hsiao-Fan Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY

Direct Imaging and Probing of the p−n Junction in a Planar Polymer Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell

(2011) Yufeng Hu et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Linear and Cyclic Porphyrin Hexamers as Near-Infrared Emitters in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

(2011) Oliver Fenwick et al.   NANO LETTERS

Concerted Emission and Local Potentiometry of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2010) Deanna B. Rodovsky et al.   ACS Nano

A Unifying Model for the Operation of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2010) Stephan van Reenen et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Precise Color Tuning via Hybrid Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2010) Amanda J. Norell Bader et al.   NANO LETTERS

Room-temperature polariton lasing in an organic single-crystal microcavity

(2010) S. Kéna-Cohen et al.   Nature Photonics

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Sn4+-Porphyrin Complexes and Their Application to Organic Light Emitting Diodes - A Novel Mechanism for Electroluminescence

(2009) Ayataka Endo et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

1,3,5-Triazine derivatives as new electron transport–type host materials for highly efficient green phosphorescent OLEDs

(2009) Hsiao-Fan Chen et al.   JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY

A Ratiometric pH Reporter For Imaging Protein-dye Conjugates In Living Cells

(2009) Junyan Han et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Zinc Tetraphenylporphyrin−Fluorene Branched Copolymers: Synthesis and Light-Emitting Properties

(2009) Xiaochen Wang et al.   MACROMOLECULES

The dynamic organic p–n junction

(2009) Piotr Matyba et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Fine-Tuning of Yellow or Red Photo- and Electroluminescence of Functional Difluoro-boradiazaindacene Films

(2008) Laure Bonardi et al.   ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS

On the Limited Operational Lifetime of Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2008) Thomas Wågberg et al.   ADVANCED MATERIALS

Synthesis and utilization of perylene-based n-type small molecules in light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2008) Zachary B. Hill et al.   CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS

Identifying and Alleviating Electrochemical Side-Reactions in Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cells

(2008) Junfeng Fang et al.   JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY

Operating mechanism of light-emitting electrochemical cells

(2008) Qibing Pei et al.   NATURE MATERIALS

Selective molecular imaging of viable cancer cells with pH-activatable fluorescence probes

(2008) Yasuteru Urano et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

High Current Density in Light-Emitting Transistors of Organic Single Crystals

(2008) Taishi Takenobu et al.   PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS