The pharmacology of palmitoylethanolamide and first data on the therapeutic efficacy of some of its new formulations

Palmitoylethanolamide for the treatment of pain: pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy

(2016) Linda Gabrielsson et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

A new co-micronized composite containing palmitoylethanolamide and polydatin shows superior oral efficacy compared to their association in a rat paw model of carrageenan-induced inflammation

(2016) E. Esposito et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Neuroprotective Effects of Co-UltraPEALut on Secondary Inflammatory Process and Autophagy Involved in Traumatic Brain Injury

(2016) Marika Cordaro et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA

Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide reduces viscerovisceral hyperalgesia in a rat model of endometriosis plus ureteral calculosis

(2016) Teresa Iuvone et al.   PAIN

Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide in spinal cord injury neuropathic pain

(2016) Sven R. Andresen et al.   PAIN

Palmitoylethanolamide Modulates Inflammation-Associated Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Signaling via the Akt/mTOR Pathway in a Selective Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha (PPAR-α)-Dependent Manner

(2016) Giovanni Sarnelli et al.   PLoS One

Acetylcholine receptors from human muscle as pharmacological targets for ALS therapy

(2016) Eleonora Palma et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related mediators: Targets, metabolism and role in neurological disorders

(2016) Fabio Arturo Iannotti et al.   PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH

Elevated Systemic Levels of Endocannabinoids and Related Mediators Across the Menstrual Cycle in Women With Endometriosis

(2016) Ana Maria Sanchez et al.   Reproductive Sciences

Adelmidrol increases the endogenous concentrations of palmitoylethanolamide in canine keratinocytes and down-regulates an inflammatory reaction in an in vitro model of contact allergic dermatitis

(2016) S. Petrosino et al.   VETERINARY JOURNAL

Co-Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin Promotes Neuronal Regeneration after Spinal Cord Injury

(2016) Rosalia Crupi et al.   Frontiers in Pharmacology

Safety of micronized palmitoylethanolamide (microPEA): lack of toxicity and genotoxic potential

(2016) Earle R. Nestmann   Food Science & Nutrition

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Nuclear hormone receptors

(2015) Stephen PH Alexander et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: G protein-coupled receptors

(2015) Stephen PH Alexander et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Voltage-gated ion channels

(2015) Stephen PH Alexander et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2015/16: Enzymes

(2015) Stephen PH Alexander et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

The anti-inflammatory mediator palmitoylethanolamide enhances the levels of 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol and potentiates its actions at TRPV1 cation channels

(2015) Stefania Petrosino et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Palmitoylethanolamide Relieves Pain and Preserves Pancreatic Islet Cells in a Murine Model of Diabetes

(2015) Giulia Donvito et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

The Association of Palmitoylethanolamide with Luteolin Decreases Neuroinflammation and Stimulates Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease Model

(2015) Rosalba Siracusa et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

The anti-inflammatory effects of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) on endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats

(2015) Daniela Impellizzeri et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Palmitoylethanolamide treatment reduces retinal inflammation in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

(2015) Irene Paterniti et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Protective Effect of Palmitoylethanolamide in a Rat Model of Cystitis

(2015) Federica Pessina et al.   JOURNAL OF UROLOGY

N-Palmitoylethanolamine and Neuroinflammation: a Novel Therapeutic Strategy of Resolution

(2015) Stephen D. Skaper et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

The Association of Palmitoylethanolamide with Luteolin Decreases Autophagy in Spinal Cord Injury

(2015) Rosalba Siracusa et al.   MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY

Interaction between the protective effects of cannabidiol and palmitoylethanolamide in experimental model of multiple sclerosis in C57BL/6 mice

(2015) A. Rahimi et al.   NEUROSCIENCE

The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY in 2016: towards curated quantitative interactions between 1300 protein targets and 6000 ligands

(2015) Christopher Southan et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Efficacy of ultra-micronized palmitoylethanolamide in canine atopic dermatitis: an open-label multi-centre study

(2015) Chiara Noli et al.   VETERINARY DERMATOLOGY

Palmitoylethanolamide reduces pain-related behaviors and restores glutamatergic synapses homeostasis in the medial prefrontal cortex of neuropathic mice

(2015) F. Guida et al.   Molecular Brain

Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin in the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia: from Rodent to Man

(2015) Carlo Caltagirone et al.   Translational Stroke Research

Exposure to Allergen Causes Changes in NTS Neural Activities after Intratracheal Capsaicin Application, in Endocannabinoid Levels and in the Glia Morphology of NTS

(2015) Giuseppe Spaziano et al.   Biomed Research International

Amino Acid Derivatives as Palmitoylethanolamide Prodrugs: Synthesis, In Vitro Metabolism and In Vivo Plasma Profile in Rats

(2015) Federica Vacondio et al.   PLoS One

Nonpsychotropic Plant Cannabinoids, Cannabidivarin (CBDV) and Cannabidiol (CBD), Activate and Desensitize Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) Channels in Vitro: Potential for the Treatment of Neuronal Hyperexcitability

(2014) Fabio Arturo Iannotti et al.   ACS Chemical Neuroscience

Increased levels of palmitoylethanolamide and other bioactive lipid mediators and enhanced local mast cell proliferation in canine atopic dermatitis

(2014) Francesca Abramo et al.   BMC Veterinary Research

Palmitoylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid, is an orally effective intestinal anti-inflammatory agent

(2014) Francesca Borrelli et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Palmitoylethanolamide normalizes intestinal motility in a model of post-inflammatory accelerated transit: involvement of CB1receptors and TRPV1 channels

(2014) Raffaele Capasso et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Neuroprotection by Association of Palmitoylethanolamide with Luteolin in Experimental Alzheimer’s Disease Models: The Control of Neuroinflammation

(2014) Irene Paterniti et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

Micronized/ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide displays superior oral efficacy compared to nonmicronized palmitoylethanolamide in a rat model of inflammatory pain

(2014) Daniela Impellizzeri et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Effects of Two Different Specific Neck Exercise Interventions on Palmitoylethanolamide and Stearoylethanolamide Concentrations in the Interstitium of the Trapezius Muscle in Women with Chronic Neck Shoulder Pain

(2014) Nazdar Ghafouri et al.   PAIN MEDICINE

Functional and biochemical interaction between PPARα receptors and TRPV1 channels: Potential role in PPARα agonists-mediated analgesia

(2014) Paolo Ambrosino et al.   PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Palmitoylethanolamide in CNS health and disease

(2014) Giuseppina Mattace Raso et al.   PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH

N-Acylethanolamines: lipid metabolites with functions in plant growth and development

(2014) Elison B. Blancaflor et al.   PLANT JOURNAL

Palmitoylethanolamide controls reactive gliosis and exerts neuroprotective functions in a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease

(2014) C Scuderi et al.   Cell Death & Disease

Development and Validation of a Sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of 15 Endocannabinoids and Related Compounds in Milk and Other Biofluids

(2013) Sandra Gouveia-Figueira et al.   ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

TRP Channels and Pain

(2013) David Julius   Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Treatment with Ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide: A Case Report

(2013) Simonetta Clemente   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

Palmitoylethanolamide Reduces Formalin-Induced Neuropathic-Like Behaviour Through Spinal Glial/Microglial Phenotypical Changes in Mice

(2013) Livio Luongo et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

Palmitoylethanolamide in Homeostatic and Traumatic Central Nervous System Injuries

(2013) Emanuela Esposito et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

Non-Neuronal Cell Modulation Relieves Neuropathic Pain: Efficacy of the Endogenous Lipid Palmitoylethanolamide

(2013) Isabella Bettoni et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

The adjuvant use of N-palmitoylethanolamine and transpolydatin in the treatment of endometriotic pain

(2013) Emilio Giugliano et al.   European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology

Palmitoylethanolamide improves colon inflammation through an enteric glia/toll like receptor 4-dependent PPAR-α activation

(2013) Giuseppe Esposito et al.   GUT

Molecular evidence for the involvement of PPAR-δ and PPAR-γ in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities of palmitoylethanolamide after spinal cord trauma

(2013) Irene Paterniti et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

A new co-ultramicronized composite including palmitoylethanolamide and luteolin to prevent neuroinflammation in spinal cord injury

(2013) Irene Paterniti et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Palmitoylethanolamide Is a Disease-Modifying Agent in Peripheral Neuropathy: Pain Relief and Neuroprotection Share a PPAR-Alpha-Mediated Mechanism

(2013) L. Di Cesare Mannelli et al.   MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION

Palmitoylethanolamide and stearoylethanolamide levels in the interstitium of the trapezius muscle of women with chronic widespread pain and chronic neck-shoulder pain correlate with pain intensity and sensitivity

(2013) Nazdar Ghafouri et al.   PAIN

Monoacylglycerols Activate TRPV1 – A Link between Phospholipase C and TRPV1

(2013) Peter M. Zygmunt et al.   PLoS One

Cannabinoid receptor type 1 and 2 expression in the skin of healthy dogs and dogs with atopic dermatitis

(2012) Luca Campora et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH

Administration of palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) protects the neurovascular unit and reduces secondary injury after traumatic brain injury in mice

(2012) Akbar Ahmad et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

Reduction of ischemic brain injury by administration of palmitoylethanolamide after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats

(2012) Akbar Ahmad et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

Activation and desensitization of TRPV1 channels in sensory neurons by the PPARα agonist palmitoylethanolamide

(2012) Paolo Ambrosino et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

The Endocannabinoid System and Pain

(2012) Josee Guindon et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

The Endocannabinoids Anandamide and Virodhamine Modulate the Activity of the Candidate Cannabinoid Receptor GPR55

(2012) Haleli Sharir et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Palmitoylethanolamide exerts neuroprotective effects in mixed neuroglial cultures and organotypic hippocampal slices via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α

(2012) Caterina Scuderi et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Palmitoylethanolamide Protects Against the Amyloid-β25-35-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice, an Experimental Model of Alzheimer Disease

(2012) Giuseppe D'Agostino et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Palmitoylethanolamide in the Treatment of Chronic Pain Caused by Different Etiopathogenesis

(2012) Antonio Gatti et al.   PAIN MEDICINE

Neuroprotective Activities of Palmitoylethanolamide in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease

(2012) Emanuela Esposito et al.   PLoS One

Effectiveness of the association micronized N-Palmitoylethanolamine (PEA)–transpolydatin in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain related to endometriosis after laparoscopic assessment: a pilot study

(2011) Luigi Cobellis et al.   European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology

Effects of intra-ventrolateral periaqueductal grey palmitoylethanolamide on thermoceptive threshold and rostral ventromedial medulla cell activity

(2011) Vito de Novellis et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Unraveling the complexities of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) immune regulation in health and disease

(2011) Sreemanti Basu et al.   IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH

Palmitoylethanolamide counteracts reactive astrogliosis induced by β-amyloid peptide

(2011) Caterina Scuderi et al.   JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE

Palmitoylethanolamide Reduces Granuloma-Induced Hyperalgesia by Modulation of Mast Cell Activation in Rats

(2011) Daniele De Filippis et al.   Molecular Pain

Spinal anandamide produces analgesia in neuropathic rats: Possible CB1- and TRPV1-mediated mechanisms

(2011) K. Starowicz et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

High Levels of N-Palmitoylethanolamide and N-Stearoylethanolamide in Microdialysate Samples from Myalgic Trapezius Muscle in Women

(2011) Nazdar Ghafouri et al.   PLoS One

Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on the cutaneous allergic inflammatory response in Ascaris hypersensitive Beagle dogs

(2011) Santiago Cerrato et al.   VETERINARY JOURNAL

Simultaneous measurement of three N-acylethanolamides in human bio-matrices using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

(2010) Patricia M. W. Lam et al.   ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

N-palmitoyl-ethanolamine: Biochemistry and new therapeutic opportunities

(2010) Stefania Petrosino et al.   BIOCHIMIE

Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase suppresses referred hyperalgesia induced by bladder inflammation

(2010) Fabiola Voznika Merriam et al.   BJU INTERNATIONAL

GPR55 ligands promote receptor coupling to multiple signalling pathways

(2010) Christopher M Henstridge et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Endocannabinoids as Regulators of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP)Channels: a Further Opportunity to Develop New Endocannabinoid-Based Therapeutic Drugs

(2010) V. Marzo et al.   CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Effect of palmitoylethanolamide–polydatin combination on chronic pelvic pain associated with endometriosis: Preliminary observations

(2010) Ugo Indraccolo et al.   European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology

Cannabinoid and cannabinoid-like receptors in microglia, astrocytes, and astrocytomas

(2010) Nephi Stella   GLIA

Possible Anandamide and Palmitoylethanolamide involvement in human stroke

(2010) Marcello Naccarato et al.   Lipids in Health and Disease

Protective role of palmitoylethanolamide in contact allergic dermatitis

(2009) S. Petrosino et al.   ALLERGY

Central administration of palmitoylethanolamide reduces hyperalgesia in mice via inhibition of NF-κB nuclear signalling in dorsal root ganglia

(2009) Giuseppe D'Agostino et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Signal transduction of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor

(2009) Gábor Turu et al.   JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY

Plasma endocannabinoid levels in multiple sclerosis

(2009) L. Jean-Gilles et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Circulating and hepatic endocannabinoids and endocannabinoid-related molecules in patients with cirrhosis

(2009) Paolo Caraceni et al.   LIVER INTERNATIONAL

Levels of endocannabinoids and palmitoylethanolamide and their pharmacological manipulation in chronic granulomatous inflammation in rats

(2009) D. De Filippis et al.   PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH

Selective N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase inhibition reveals a key role for endogenous palmitoylethanolamide in inflammation

(2009) C. Solorzano et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Effects of palmitoylethanolamide on immunologically induced histamine, PGD2 and TNFα release from canine skin mast cells

(2009) S. Cerrato et al.   VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY

Endocannabinoids mediate neuroprotection after transient focal cerebral ischemia

(2008) Markus Schomacher et al.   BRAIN RESEARCH

‘Entourage’ effects ofN-palmitoylethanolamide andN-oleoylethanolamide on vasorelaxation to anandamide occur through TRPV1 receptors

(2008) W-SV Ho et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

TRPV1 Receptors in the Central Nervous System: Potential for Previously Unforeseen Therapeutic Applications

(2008) Vincenzo Marzo et al.   CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN

Study of the regulation of the endocannabinoid system in a virus model of multiple sclerosis reveals a therapeutic effect of palmitoylethanolamide

(2008) Frida Loría et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Effects of Palmitoylethanolamide on Signaling Pathways Implicated in the Development of Spinal Cord Injury

(2008) T. Genovese et al.   JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS

Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase and cyclooxygenase-2 increases levels of endocannabinoid related molecules and produces analgesia via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha in a model of inflammatory pain

(2008) Maulik D. Jhaveri et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

The endogenous fatty acid amide, palmitoylethanolamide, has anti-allodynic and anti-hyperalgesic effects in a murine model of neuropathic pain: involvement of CB1, TRPV1 and PPARγ receptors and neurotrophic factors

(2008) Barbara Costa et al.   PAIN

GPR55 is a cannabinoid receptor that increases intracellular calcium and inhibits M current

(2008) J. E. Lauckner et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Characterisation of the cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue and fluid in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis

(2008) Denise Richardson et al.   ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY

GPR55: a new member of the cannabinoid receptor clan?

(2007) R G Pertwee   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor

(2007) E Ryberg et al.   BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Microglia produce and hydrolyze palmitoylethanolamide

(2007) Giulio G. Muccioli et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY