Review
Veterinary Sciences
Elsayed Metwally, Hatim A. Al-Abbadi, Tarique Hussain, Ghulam Murtaza, Ahmed M. Abdellatif, Mahmoud F. Ahmed
Summary: Neurodegenerative disorders pose a major healthcare challenge globally, and calpain signaling plays a crucial role in neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Understanding the structure and activity of calpains is essential for unraveling their roles in cellular physiology and pathology, and the inhibition of calpain activity could be a potential therapeutic approach for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michal J. Halicki, Karen Hind, Paul L. Chazot
Summary: This article comprehensively reviews the studies on potential blood-based biomarkers of CTE, discussing common themes and limitations, and suggesting future research directions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joanna Skrzymowska, Michal Zalas, Tomasz M. Goszczynski, Arkadiusz Miazek
Summary: A spontaneous missense mutation in the alpha II spectrin gene results in neurodegeneration in heterozygous mutant mice. The R1098Q mutation leads to a decrease in stability of aII peptide and increased sensitivity to calpain, highlighting the importance of maintaining a proper calpain/spectrin balance in preventing neurodegeneration.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Neil S. N. Graham, James H. H. Cole, Niall J. J. Bourke, Jonathan M. M. Schott, David J. J. Sharp
Summary: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a risk factor for dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study compared neurodegeneration patterns in TBI, AD, and healthy aging using volumetric MRI.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Michel Baudry, Yun Lyna Luo, Xiaoning Bi
Summary: Calpain-1 and calpain-2, two major isoforms of calpain in the brain, have opposite roles in synaptic plasticity/learning and memory and neuroprotection/neurodegeneration. Selective calpain-2 inhibitors have been identified and shown to facilitate learning and provide neuroprotection in animal models of acute neurodegeneration. One of these inhibitors, NA-184, is currently being developed for the treatment of traumatic brain injury, with clinical trials planned.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Joshua Sandry, Ekaterina Dobryakova
Summary: This study evaluated the importance of subcortical gray matter atrophy in differentiating chronic moderate-severe TBI from non-TBI participants, finding extensive atrophy across nearly all brain regions for chronic TBI individuals. The data supported an accelerated aging hypothesis in chronic moderate-severe TBI coinciding with a similar neuropathological profile found in neurodegenerative diseases that was observed in the study.
Article
Neurosciences
Marcia G. Honig, Conor C. Dorian, John D. Worthen, Anthony C. Micetich, Isabelle A. Mulder, Katelyn B. Sanchez, William F. Pierce, Nobel A. Del Mar, Anton Reiner
Summary: The study found that repeated concussive and subconcussive head injuries may lead to progressive pathogenic processes through sustained effects on microglia and subsequently affecting neurons and blood vessels, driving neurodegeneration and memory decline.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elsayed Metwally, Hatim A. Al-Abbadi, Mohamed A. Hashem, Yasmina K. Mahmoud, Eman A. Ahmed, Ahmed Maaty, Ibrahim E. Helal, Mahmoud F. Ahmed
Summary: The combination of methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) and a selective calpain inhibitor (PD150606) significantly reduces neuronal loss and microglial cell infiltration, improves locomotor score, and inhibits calpain-induced cleavage of p35, cdk5 activation, and tau phosphorylation in a dog spinal cord injury model.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anu Antony, Neville Ng, Antonio Lauto, Jens R. Coorssen, Simon J. Myers
Summary: This study elucidated the crucial role of Ca2+-activated protease calpain in HSN1A, by regulating cellular cytoskeleton stability and microtubule transport function.
DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jason D. Vadhan, Robert C. Speth
Summary: This review discusses how activation of the brain RAS following TBI contributes to permanent brain damage, and how drugs that counteract activation of the AT(1)R can potentially ameliorate TBI-induced brain damage.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brian M. Polster, Karla A. Mark, Rafael Arze, Derek Hudson
Summary: Glutamate excitotoxicity contributes to neurodegenerative diseases by causing calcium deregulation and mitochondrial depolarization. The experiment shows that glutamate increases protease activity in neurons before calcium deregulation, and this increase can be suppressed by glutamate receptor antagonists but not by calpain.
Article
Cell Biology
Ying Tang, Yingqin Li, Guangyin Yu, Zemin Ling, Ke Zhong, Prince L. M. Zilundu, Wenfu Li, Rao Fu, Li-Hua Zhou
Summary: The imbalance between excess ROS production and inadequate antioxidant defenses contributes to neurodegenerative diseases. MiRNAs, such as miR-137-3p, play a role in regulating oxidative stress and have neuroprotective effects.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Syed Kashif Zaidi, Farid Ahmed, Heba Alkhatabi, Md Nasrul Hoda, Muhammad Al-Qahtani
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened global occurrences of hypoxia, including thrombotic stroke, making nitric oxide therapy a promising option. Nebulized low-dose GSNO has been shown to enhance collateral microvascular perfusion in diabetic mice following stroke, indicating its potential for development as an affordable field therapy against ischemic events.
Article
Neurosciences
Zhiping Mi, Hao Liu, Marie E. Rose, Xiecheng Ma, Daniel P. Reay, Jie Ma, Jeremy Henchir, C. Edward Dixon, Steven H. Graham
Summary: UCHL1 is a multifunctional protein expressed at high levels in neurons throughout the brain, with its hydrolase activity playing a crucial role in the recovery after neuronal injury and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Brian Fiani, Claudia Covarrubias, Amelia Wong, Thao Doan, Taylor Reardon, Daniel Nikolaidis, Erika Sarno
Summary: Cerebrolysin therapy shows potential in aiding the treatment of various neurological diseases, but further robust clinical data is needed to determine its efficacy in specific conditions.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.