Article
Psychology, Biological
Geisa B. Gallardo-Moreno, Francisco J. Alvarado-Rodriguez, Rebeca Romo-Vazquez, Hugo Velez-Perez, Andres A. Gonzalez-Garrido
Summary: Patients with type-1 diabetes exhibit lower task performance and longer reaction times compared to healthy controls in a visuospatial working memory task.
In response to increasing levels of visuospatial working memory load, diabetic patients show higher functional brain connectivity from the beginning of the encoding phase, unlike healthy controls who demonstrate more gradual task-related adjustments.
Article
Neurosciences
Wanyi Cao, Haiyan Liao, Sainan Cai, Wanrong Peng, Zhaoxia Liu, Kaili Zheng, Jinyu Liu, Mingtian Zhong, Changlian Tan, Jinyao Yi
Summary: Abnormal connectivity between the right inferior parietal lobule and the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex was found in MDD patients during 2-back task. Dynamic causal modeling analysis revealed increased forward modulation connectivity from the right IPL to the right dlPFC in MDD patients during 2-back task, compared to healthy controls.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexander W. Baumann, Theo A. J. Schaefer, Hannes Ruge
Summary: Learning new rules rapidly and effectively is common in daily life, but the cognitive and neural mechanisms behind it are complex. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, researchers studied the effects of different instructional load conditions on the brain's couplings during rule implementation. The results showed differences in how the brain processes instructions and how it handles conflicting information when the load exceeds working memory capacity. Additionally, the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex exhibited hemispherical differences in whole-brain coupling and practice-related dynamics.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Dongyeop Kim, Taekyung Kim, Yoonha Hwang, Chae Young Lee, Eun Yeon Joo, Dae-Won Seo, Seung Bong Hong, Young-Min Shon
Summary: This study compares the directed transfer function (DTF) derived from scalp EEGs between responder and nonresponder groups with vagus-nerve stimulation (VNS) for drug-resistant epilepsy. The findings show that responders have similar DTF profiles to control group, while nonresponders exhibit increased connectivity measures. Furthermore, presurgical normal DTF profiles may predict good responsiveness to VNS.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jamal Williams, Viola S. Stoermer
Summary: This new study found that people tend to use visual working memory less in a more naturalistic virtual reality setting compared to traditional lab studies. This raises questions about how working memory is utilized in everyday tasks.
Article
Neurosciences
Baiwei Liu, Xinyu Li, Jan Theeuwes, Benchi Wang
Summary: It has been traditionally believed that information retrieved from long-term memory (LTM) needs to be brought back into working memory (WM). However, this study demonstrates that retrieval from LTM is possible even when WM capacity is fully occupied. EEG results indicate that retrieving items from LTM while WM is fully engaged enhances the suppression of alpha oscillations, suggesting alternative mechanisms for accessing LTM when WM is fully occupied.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Janelle Liu, Yuanyuan Chen, Rebecca Stephens, Emil Cornea, Barbara Goldman, John H. Gilmore, Wei Gao
Summary: The hippocampal functional connectivity in infants undergoes a developmental process from local connections with nearby regions to increasing connectivity with key brain areas, eventually forming an adult-like topology by the end of the first year and further stabilizing by 2 years of age. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal measures of these connections in the first year can predict future working memory performance at 4 years of age.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Gigi F. Stark, Emily W. Avery, Monica D. Rosenberg, Abigail S. Greene, Siyuan Gao, Dustin Scheinost, R. Todd Constable, Marvin M. Chun, Kwangsun Yoo
Summary: The study analyzed the extent to which whole-brain functional connectivity observed during completion of an N-back memory task can predict both working memory and episodic memory. Results showed that functional connectivity observed during the N-back task performance predicted out-of-scanner working memory scores and episodic memory scores to a lesser extent.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Joseph Young, Curtis L. Neveu, John H. Byrne, Behnaam Aazhang
Summary: The study introduces a model-free framework, graphical directed information (GDI), which accurately infers pairwise directed functional connections in networks with improved scaling performance. By utilizing an advanced mutual information estimation technique, GDI effectively reduces indirect connections in neural data analysis. This technique successfully inferred circuitry in various types of networks and addressed the critical issue of indirect connections.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sofia Faraza, Julia Waldenmaier, Martin Dyrba, Dominik Wolf, Florian U. Fischer, Kristel Knaepen, Bianca Kollmann, Oliver Tuescher, Harald Binder, Andreas Mierau, David Riedel, Andreas Fellgiebel, Stefan Teipel
Summary: The study found that high functional connectivity of the right DLPFC was significantly associated with training gains and improvement in visuospatial task performance, but the maintenance of cognitive gains was limited to the period directly after the training. Cognitive training can improve working memory function in older adults, but there are still limitations in terms of cognitive gains.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Congchong Li, Wenqing Tian, Yang He, Chaoxian Wang, Xianyang Wang, Xiang Xu, Lifeng Bai, Ting Xue, Yang Liao, Tao Xu, Xufeng Liu, Shengjun Wu
Summary: In this study, the change detection paradigm was used to investigate the working memory of patterned movements and its relationship with the visuospatial sketchpad. The experiments revealed that individuals can store 3-4 patterned movements in working memory, but changes in stimulus type and memory load can affect the processing efficiency. The results also showed that working memory and visual working memory are independent when processing patterned movements, but the working memory of patterned movements is influenced by spatial working memory.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Qiang Li, Dinghong Gong, Yuan Zhang, Hongyi Zhang, Guangyuan Liu
Summary: This study investigates the cortical processing process of tonal working memory and finds it to be a bottom-up information transfer process. It also reveals that changes in tonal working memory load do not alter local brain activity patterns or response strength, but are linked to top-down attention control mechanisms involving the auditory cortex and an attention control network.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ignacio Cifre, Maria T. Miller Flores, Lucia Penalba, Jeremi K. Ochab, Dante R. Chialvo
Summary: The center stage of neuro-imaging is currently focused on studying functional correlations between brain regions, which define brain functional networks. This study proposes a new measure of nonlinear dynamic directed functional connectivity across regions of interest, providing directed information of functional correlations and a measure of temporal lags without extensive numerical complications. This approach offers a different and complementary perspective in analyzing brain co-activation patterns.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zalan Kaposzta, Orestis Stylianou, Peter Mukli, Andras Eke, Frigyes Samuel Racz
Summary: This study investigates how the brain adapts to increased cognitive workload by using the n-back WM paradigm. The results show a substantial decrease in functional connectivity with increased task difficulty, leading to changes in brain network topology. Behavioral and performance measures demonstrate correlations with connectivity indices, particularly in higher frequency bands.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Taylor Hatchard, Aziza Byron-Alhassan, Ola Mioduszewski, Katherine Holshausen, Stacey Correia, Allison Leeming, Gladys Ayson, Carley Chiasson, Peter Fried, Ian Cameron, Andra Smith
Summary: This study utilized fMRI to examine neural activation and performance on a working memory task in young adults. While there were no differences in performance, cannabis users showed significant differences in brain activation, including altered functional connectivity. This suggests potential compensatory mechanisms in the brain due to sustained cannabis use.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaomei Lin, Tianyuyi Feng, Erheng Cui, Yunfei Li, Zhang Qin, Xiaohu Zhao
Summary: This study successfully established a rat model based on the genetic-environmental interaction, which exhibited phenotype characteristics similar to human AD in terms of cognitive function, brain microstructure, and immunohistochemistry. The genetic factor (APP mutation) and the environmental factor (acrolein exposure) accounted for 39.74% and 33.3% of the AD-like phenotypes in the model, respectively.
Article
Neurosciences
Gustavo Guimara Guerrero, Giovanna Bignoto Minhoto, Camilla dos Santos Tiburcio-Machado, Itza Amarisis Ribeiro Pinto, Claudio Antonio Federico, Marcia Carneiro Valera
Summary: The present study evaluated the influence of head and neck radiotherapy on the behavior and body weight gain in Wistar rats. The results demonstrated that different doses of radiation induced depressive behavior in the animals, and that the weight gain tended to be lower in the irradiated groups.
Article
Neurosciences
Ziwei Gao, Chao Lu, Yaping Zhu, Yuxin Liu, Yuesong Lin, Wenming Gao, Liyuan Tian, Lei Wu
Summary: This study reveals the underlying mechanisms of the rapid antidepressant effects of merazin hydrate (MH), which activates CaMKII to promote neuronal activities and proliferation in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Kathleen E. Murray, Whitney A. Ratliff, Vedad Delic, Bruce A. Citron
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic disorder that affects approximately 30% of Veterans deployed to the Persian Gulf. This study found that exposure to toxicants during the Gulf War resulted in long-term changes in the morphology of dentate granule cells and that treatment with Nrf2 activator could improve neuronal health in the hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yan Zou, Xiangchuang Kong, Yangming Leng, Fan Yang, Guofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Wenliang Fan
Summary: This study examines the functional connectivity changes in individuals with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) at the integrity, network, and edge levels. The findings reveal reduced intranetwork connectivity strength and increased internetwork connectivity in SSNHL patients. These alterations are associated with the duration of SSNHL and Tinnitus Handicap Inventory scores. The study provides crucial insights into the neural mechanisms of SSNHL and the brain's network-level responses to sensory loss.
Review
Neurosciences
Didier Majou, Anne-Lise Dermenghem
Summary: In the early stages of SAD, memory impairment is strongly correlated with cortical levels of soluble amyloid-beta peptide oligomers. A beta disrupts glutamatergic synaptic function and leads to cognitive deficits. This article describes the pathogenic mechanisms underlying cerebral amyloidosis, involving amyloid precursor protein synthesis, A beta residue clearance processes, and the role of specific molecules.
Article
Neurosciences
Jing Li, Yi Shan, Xiaojing Zhao, Guixiang Shan, Peng-Hu Wei, Lin Liu, Changming Wang, Hang Wu, Weiqun Song, Yi Tang, Guo-Guang Zhao, Jie Lu
Summary: This study investigates changes in brain anatomical structures and functional network connectivity after chronic complete thoracic spinal cord injury (cctSCI) and their impact on clinical outcomes. The findings reveal alterations in gray matter volume and functional connectivity in specific brain regions, indicating potential therapeutic targets and methods for tracking treatment outcomes.
Article
Neurosciences
Anllely Fernandez, Katherine Corvalan, Octavia Santis, Maxs Mendez-Ruette, Ariel Caviedes, Matias Pizarro, Maria -Teresa Gomez, Luis Federico Batiz, Peter Landgraf, Thilo Kahne, Alejandro Rojas-Fernandez, Ursula Wyneken
Summary: This study reveals the importance of SUMOylation in modulating the protein cargo of astrocyte-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and its potential impact on neurons.
Article
Neurosciences
Anika Luettig, Stefanie Perl, Maria Zetsche, Franziska Richter, Denise Franz, Marco Heerdegen, Ruediger Koehling, Angelika Richter
Summary: This study found that changes in c-Fos activity during short-term stimulation of the entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) are associated with improvement in dystonia, and also discovered that the cerebellum may be involved in the antidystonic effects.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanlin Tao, Wei Shen, Houyuan Zhou, Zikang Li, Ting Pi, Hui Wu, Hailian Shi, Fei Huang, Xiaojun Wu
Summary: Depression has a higher incidence in women compared to men, and this study investigated the impact of sex on depressive behaviors and underlying mechanisms using a corticosterone-induced depression model in mice. The results showed sex-specific anxiety and depression behaviors in the model group, as well as differences in protein expression and neurotransmitter levels between male and female mice. These findings enhance our understanding of sex-specific differences in depression and support tailored interventions.
Review
Neurosciences
Dnyandev G. Gadhave, Vrashabh V. Sugandhi, Chandrakant R. Kokare
Summary: This article discusses the characteristics and importance of the tight junctions of endothelial cells in the CNS, which act as a biological barrier known as the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It focuses on overcoming the challenges of delivering therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative disorders, particularly multiple sclerosis, through the use of biomaterials. The article also highlights the current limitations of animal models for studying multiple sclerosis and suggests a potential future research direction.
Article
Neurosciences
Li-Min Mao, Khyathi Thallapureddy, John Q. Wang
Summary: Propofol can enhance synapsin phosphorylation and modulate synaptic transmission in the mouse brain. The study reveals the potential role of synapsin as a substrate of propofol and its effects on neurotransmitter release machinery.
Article
Neurosciences
Syed Maaz Ahmed Rizvi, Abdul Baseer Buriro, Irfan Ahmed, Abdul Aziz Memon
Summary: This study explores the effects of prolonged mask usage on the human brain by analyzing EEG and physiological parameters. The results show that the mean EEG spectral power in alpha, beta, and gamma sub-bands of individuals wearing masks is smaller than those without masks. The performances on cognitive tasks and oxygen saturation level differ between the two groups, while blood pressure, body temperature, and heart rate are similar. The analysis also reveals that the occipital and frontal lobes exhibit the greatest variability in channel measurements.
Article
Neurosciences
Rui-Fang Ma, Lu-Lu Xue, Jin-Xiang Liu, Li Chen, Liu-Lin Xiong, Ting-Hua Wang, Fei Liu
Summary: This study observed changes in brain infarction and blood vessels in rats during neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) modeling using Transcranial Doppler Ultrasonography (TCD). Longer duration of hypoxia was associated with more severe nerve damage. TCD can dynamically monitor cerebral infarction after NHIE modeling, which may serve as a useful auxiliary method for evaluating animal experimental models.
Article
Neurosciences
Yuxiang Dai, Chen Yu, Lu Zhou, Longyang Cheng, Hongbin Ni, Weibang Liang
Summary: Overexpression of CXCR4 in glioma is correlated with patient survival, and its inhibition can reduce invasion and migration of glioma cells. Inhibiting Nur77 also decreases cancer progression associated with CXCR4.
