Review
Behavioral Sciences
Marta Mendez-Couz, Denise Manahan-Vaughan, Ana Paula Silva, Hector Gonzalez-Pardo, Jorge Luis Arias, Nelida Maria Conejo
Summary: The neuropeptide Y2 receptors play a significant role in hippocampus-dependent spatial memory, with receptor expression dynamically regulated by learning experiences. Antagonism of the receptors in the dorsal intrahippocampal area improves spatial reference memory.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Niklas Lonnemann, Martin Korte, Shirin Hosseini
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease with no successful treatment. In addition to its features, neuroinflammatory processes, genetic factors, and lifestyle also play important roles. Training in a water maze has shown positive effects on memory formation in AD mice.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Arne D. Ekstrom, Paul F. Hill
Summary: This passage discusses the close relationship between spatial navigation and memory at the cognitive and neural levels. It introduces models that suggest a central role for the medial temporal lobes, including the hippocampus, in both navigation and memory. However, these models have limitations in explaining functional and neuroanatomical differences. The idea of navigation as a dynamically acquired skill and memory as an internally driven process is explored, as well as network models that focus more on connections rather than specific brain regions.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Burak Tan, Umut Bakkaloglu, Meral Ascioglu, Cem Suer
Summary: This study found that thyroid hormone excessiveness during perinatal period can lead to long-lasting effects on hippocampal function, with differences in behavior and molecular indicators between rats treated with l-thyroxine during maternal period and in young adulthood. These effects may contribute to memory problems observed in adolescents with lactational hyperthyroidism.
PHARMACOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Marta Balietti, Arianna Pugliese, Fiorenzo Conti
Summary: It has been demonstrated that cognitive stimulation in late life can prevent cognitive decline in still cognitively preserved animals and improve cognitive compromised animals. Future research should focus on individually tailored stimulation protocols to enhance their effectiveness.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
David Thonnard, Zsuzsanna Callaerts-Vegh, Rudi D'Hooge
Summary: The interaction between the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and hippocampus (HC) is crucial for advanced cognitive processes and flexibility, as shown by the study's findings in mice models.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zahra Gholami Mahmoudian, Ali Ghanbari, Iraj Rashidi, Iraj Amiri, Alireza Komaki
Summary: This study investigated the effects of minocycline on cognitive abilities, antioxidant enzyme activities, neuronal loss, and plaque number in rats with Alzheimer's disease induced by Aβ. The results showed that minocycline improved anxiety behavior, restored learning and memory deficits, and had antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
David A. Cinalli, Sarah J. Cohen, Mariah Calubag, Goksu Oz, Lylybell Zhou, Robert W. Stackman
Summary: This study used the DREADDs method to investigate the effects of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus on the retrieval of long-term memory for nonspatial and spatial information in mice. The results showed that the inhibition of CA1 neuronal activity significantly impaired the memory retrieval in mice. These findings support the use of mice as a model system to study the neurobiological mechanisms of human episodic memory.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Soniya Assudani Patel, Karyn M. Frick, Paul A. Newhouse, Robert S. Astur
Summary: The study examined the role of estradiol in hippocampal-dependent spatial memory in women. Results showed that the high estradiol group demonstrated superior spatial reference memory, while the low estradiol group exhibited the poorest probe trial performance. There were no group differences in performance on the virtual memory tasks.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Jhana O. Hendrickx, Sofie De Moudt, Elke Calus, Peter Paul De Deyn, Debby Van Dam, Guido R. Y. De Meyer
Summary: This study evaluated the neurobehavioral phenotyping of hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory in aging C57BL/6J mice using the Morris Water Maze and Novel Object Recognition tests. The results indicated age-related memory loss in the animals starting at 6 months, as shown by decreased discrimination indexes and recognition indexes. These findings contribute to understanding the spontaneous cognitive behaviors of the widely used C57BL/6J mouse strain and can serve as a benchmark for distinguishing spontaneous from pathological neurodegenerative behavior in dementia mouse models.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Laura B. Tucker, Amanda H. Fu, Joseph T. McCabe
Summary: Cognitive dysfunction is a common complaint following acquired traumatic brain injuries, with hippocampal circuits often implicated in resulting deficits. The study aimed to phenotype cognitive deficits in male and female mice following TBI induced by the CHIMERA device, showing significant impairment in spatial learning and memory skills. Differences in injury-induced deficits between male and female mice were observed, with cognitive impairment assessment potentially confounded by motor and visual impairments post-injury.
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Lisa Wintzell, Samuel Klemetz, Stefan Lange, Eric Hanse, Caroline Wass, Joakim Strandberg
Summary: The endogenous peptide antisecretory factor (AF) enhances long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial learning and memory by disinhibiting GABAergic transmission in the rat hippocampus.
Article
Neurosciences
Andrew B. Lehr, Frederick L. Hitti, Scott H. Deibel, Tristan M. Stoeber
Summary: The hippocampus, particularly the CA2 region, is involved in learning and remembering spatial information. Silencing the CA2 region impairs reversal learning in mice, as they spend more time near the old platform location and show increased use of non-spatial strategies during reversal learning. These findings support the idea that CA2 plays a fundamental role in flexible behavior adaptation and provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying hippocampal information processing.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mu-Hsuan Chen, Hsiao-Chun Lin, Tzu Chao, Viola Szu-Yuan Lee, Chia-Lung Hou, Tsyr-Jiuan Wang, Jeng-Rung Chen
Summary: Women, especially after menopause, are more susceptible to cognitive impairments and Alzheimer's disease. Estrogen deficiency, particularly estradiol deficiency, plays a key role in this phenomenon. A novel polymeric drug, HA-E2, has been developed to deliver estradiol to the brain, crossing the blood-brain barrier and reducing side effects. In a study using postmenopausal rats, HA-E2 treatment showed improvements in the cholinergic septo-hippocampal innervation system, synaptic transmission, and cognitive function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wei Sun, Yuanhua Wu, Dongxin Tang, Xiaoliang Li, Lei An
Summary: Studies have shown that intra-hippocampal melamine injection affects long-term depression induction and cognitive flexibility, leading to reversal learning deficits due to the inability to use place strategy. The suppressive effects of melamine on BDNF-mediated neural activity may be the underlying mechanism for these effects.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tomer Illouz, Ravit Madar, Eitan Okun
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Moshe Hagar, Gersner Roman, Okun Eitan, Barnea-Ygael Noam, Zangen Abrham, Sredni Benjamin
NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2020)
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Raneen Nicola, Eitan Okun
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liroy Lugasi, Igor Grinberg, Rivka Sabag, Ravit Madar, Haim Einat, Shlomo Margel
Review
Neurosciences
Tavor Ben-Zeev, Eitan Okun
Summary: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and strength exercise are beneficial for improving health markers such as cardiovascular health, metabolic health, and cognitive function, reducing all-cause mortality. High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) combines HIIT and strength exercise to enhance muscle recruitment, improving both cardiovascular fitness and strength parameters. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the positive effects of HIFT on cardiovascular, metabolic, and cognitive functions.
NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Biology
Tomer Illouz, Raneen Nicola, Linoy Ben-Shushan, Ravit Madar, Arya Biragyn, Eitan Okun
Summary: A study by Illouz et al. demonstrated that maternal immunization with anti-A beta antibodies in wildtype female mice bred with 5xFAD males led to reduced cortical A beta levels and alleviated memory deficits in the offspring, even 4 months after the antibodies were undetectable. This long-term effect was attributed to a shift in microglial phenotype. The findings suggest that maternal immunization could potentially alleviate cognitive decline and pathology associated with early A beta deposition in diseases like AD and DS.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Raneen Nicola, Eitan Okun
Summary: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a dynamic process involving cognitive functions such as learning and memory, regulated by numerous intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Physical exercise, particularly the impact of lactate, plays a beneficial role in neural plasticity. Lactate, considered a potent factor in health and disease, influences most cells in the CNS and affects different cell types within the neurogenic niche, regulating adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ki Kim, Xin Wang, Emeline Ragonnaud, Monica Bodogai, Tomer Illouz, Marisa DeLuca, Ross A. McDevitt, Fedor Gusev, Eitan Okun, Evgeny Rogaev, Arya Biragyn
Summary: The study demonstrates that accumulation of activated B cells is crucial to the pathology of AD in three relevant transgenic animal models, and depletion of B cells interferes with both histological and behavioral manifestations of the disease.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tomer Illouz, Ravit Madar, Tamir Hirsh, Arya Biragyn, Eitan Okun
Summary: The decline in immune functions related to aging, known as immunosenescence, leads to reduced protective responses to vaccines in the elderly. Developing vaccination strategies that harness memory-based immunity can overcome this age-related decline in immune responses and have potential implications for aging-related diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
Article
Neurosciences
Raneen Nicola, Ravit Madar, Eitan Okun
Summary: A recent study found that extracellular lactate can reduce the phagocytic ability of microglial cells by binding to a specific receptor, potentially impacting brain homeostasis and inflammatory conditions.
NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)