Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Natalin Valeff, Damian O. Muzzio, Franziska Matzner, Marcos Dibo, Janine Golchert, Georg Homuth, Martin C. Abba, Marek Zygmunt, Federico Jensen
Summary: Pregnancy alters B cell activation, leading to a state of hypo-responsiveness where B cells have decreased response to BCR stimulation. This may be part of the maternal immune strategy for fetal tolerance.
Review
Immunology
Yuhan Sun, Xueying Li, Tiantong Wang, Wenzhe Li
Summary: This review aims to discuss the importance of core fucosylation in immune response, including its role in protein conformation, signal transduction, and cell-cell interactions.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Bajnok, Timea Sereny-Litvai, Viktoria Temesfoi, Jasper Norenberg, Robert Herczeg, Ambrus Kaposi, Timea Berki, Emese Mezosi
Summary: Calcium (Ca2+) flux is an important signaling pathway in B cells, and changes in flux are associated with autoimmune dysregulation and B-cell malignancies. We developed a flow-cytometry-based method to study Ca2+ flux in circulating human B lymphocytes from healthy individuals and found that different stimuli trigger distinct Ca2+ flux responses. Our results also showed that the Ca2+ flux response patterns differ among B-cell subsets at different developmental stages. The findings suggest that Ca2+ flux can be used as a functional test for B cells and may provide insights into pathological B-cell activation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jaya Prakash Chalise, Ali Ehsani, Mengistu Lemecha, Yu-Wen Hung, Guoxiang Zhang, Garrett P. Larson, Keiichi Itakura
Summary: During B-cell development, dysregulation of ARID5B expression can lead to the failure of producing functional B cells, increasing the risk of B-cell leukemia. In mice and humans, ARID5B is upregulated during the Pre-B stage and continues to be expressed in later stages of B-cell development. Deletion of Arid5b in mice resulted in a reduction of immature B cells but an increase in large and small Pre-B cells. It was also found that ARID5B regulates fatty acid metabolism and affects the proliferation of Pre-B cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Prasad Srikakulapu, Tanyaporn Pattarabanjird, Aditi Upadhye, Sai Vineela Bontha, Victoria Osinski, Melissa A. Marshall, James Garmey, Justine Deroissart, Thomas A. Prohaska, Joseph L. Witztum, Christoph J. Binder, Nichol E. Holodick, Thomas L. Rothstein, Coleen A. McNamara
Summary: B-1b cells produce more IgM than B-1a cells, while the attributes that make them different are unclear. B-1b cells exhibit enhanced splenic migration, IgM production, and IgM repertoire diversification mediated by CCR6. Addressing these differences could help limit atherosclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Fadi G. G. Haddad, Koji Sasaki, Aram Bidikian, Ghayas C. C. Issa, Tapan Kadia, Nitin Jain, Yesid Alvarado, Nicholas J. J. Short, Naveen Pemmaraju, Sanam Loghavi, Keyur P. P. Patel, Rashmi Kanagal-Shamanna, Musa Yilmaz, Lucia Masarova, Elias Jabbour, Hagop Kantarjian
Summary: Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and T315I mutation have a poor prognosis. The survival of CML patients in the post-ponatinib era is uncertain. This study found that CML-CP patients at the time of T315I mutation detection had better survival compared to those in AP or BP. Treatment with third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors seemed to improve survival in CML-CP patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Saathvik R. Kannan, Austin N. Spratt, Kalicharan Sharma, Hitendra S. Chand, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Kamal Singh
Summary: The Omicron variant of concern (VOC) has a large number of mutations, with 46 high prevalence mutations, which may affect the binding affinities of antibodies to the S protein.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Geon Ho Bae, Ye Seon Kim, Ji Ye Park, Mingyu Lee, Sung Kyun Lee, Ji Cheol Kim, Jang Gyu Kim, Ye Ji Shin, Ho Lee, Soo-Youl Kim, Yong-Soo Bae, Brian A. Zabel, Hong Sook Kim, Yoe-Sik Bae
Summary: Lung-resident neutrophils (LNs) play essential roles in protecting the lungs against damage and inflammation, and they show distinct characteristics compared to bone marrow and blood neutrophils.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chuan He, Lele Zhao, Lu Xiao, Ke Xu, Jinmei Ding, Hao Zhou, Yuming Zheng, Chengxiao Han, Fisayo Akinyemi, Huaixi Luo, Lingyu Yang, Lingxiao Luo, Hongyan Yuan, Xuelin Lu, He Meng
Summary: The common pheasant, with a widely distributed and long history, had its genome assembled with high quality, revealing genes potentially related to evolution and adaptation. The study also uncovered the unique structure of the major histocompatibility complex B locus (MHC-B) in the common pheasant.
MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Shidong Wang, Lyndon Lamborn, Weixing Chen
Summary: The influence of prior cyclic loading on the growth of Stage-1b stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in X52 pipeline steels was investigated. The results showed that pre-cyclically-loaded specimens exhibited Stage-1b SCC growth under subsequent cyclic loading, while those without pre-cyclic-loading did not. Large magnitude of prior stress cycles favored the growth and transition of SCC cracks. Intergranular attack by static corrosion had minimal contribution to Stage-1b crack growth. Prior cyclic loading plus heat treatment facilitated strain-aging-assisted SCC crack growth. Removal of the plastically deformed regions before re-coating could reduce cracking susceptibility.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lipei Shao, Rongye Shi, Yingdong Zhao, Hui Liu, Alexander Lu, Jinxia Ma, Yihua Cai, Tatyana Fuksenko, Alejandra Pelayo, Nirali N. Shah, James N. Kochenderfer, Scott M. Norberg, Christian Hinrichs, Steven L. Highfill, Robert P. Somerville, Sandhya R. Panch, Ping Jin, David F. Stroncek
Summary: The study found differences in integration patterns, insertion hotspots, and effects on gene expression between lentiviral and gamma-retroviral vectors used in CAR T-cell products, which provide a foundation for further analysis.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Chiara Bellocchi, Xuan Wang, Marka A. Lyons, Maurizio Marchini, Maurizio Lorini, Vincenzo Carbonelli, Nicola Montano, Shervin Assassi, Lorenzo Beretta
Summary: This study aimed to characterize differential expressed pathways in subjects with preclinical systemic sclerosis (PreSSc). The study found significant differences in Reactome pathways between PreSSc and healthy controls (HC). Progression of PreSSc was associated with changes in signal transduction pathways, particularly those related to calcium and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate metabolism.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Artem Mikelov, Evgeniia Alekseeva, Ekaterina A. Komech, Dmitry B. Staroverov, Maria A. Turchaninova, Mikhail Shugay, Dmitriy M. Chudakov, Georgii A. Bazykin, Ivan Zvyagin
Summary: The study analyzes the longitudinal dynamics of immune memory B cells and reveals a high degree of clonal persistence within memory B cell subsets. There is convergence between memory B cells and antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) among individuals. The study identifies two clusters of expanded clonal lineages with different prevalence and persistence, suggesting the reactivation of memory B cells during proliferation and differentiation into ASCs.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Xianzong Ma, Xiaojuan Lu, Wenyu Zhang, Lang Yang, Dezhi Wang, Junfeng Xu, Yan Jia, Xin Wang, Hui Xie, Shu Li, Mingjie Zhang, Yuqi He, Peng Jin, Jianqiu Sheng
Summary: The study revealed dysbiosis in early Crohn's disease patients, with distinct gut microbiota compositions in advanced patients and healthy controls. Specific bacteria were associated with disease progression and clinical parameters in Crohn's disease.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Xiaocheng Wei, Min Min, Jun Li, Fenglin Sun, Danyu Qin, Zhigang Yao
Summary: This study analyzed previously unknown convection initiation (CI) characteristics in the East Asia region using Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder data. The results revealed distinct cloud optical depth differences during the pre-convection stage over the Tibetan Plateau, with deep cloud clusters in the west and shallow cloud clusters in the east. It was also found that CI over the ocean had thicker clouds compared to CI over land. These unique CI characteristics from microwave observations suggest that future geostationary microwave sounder technologies can enhance early warning capabilities for convection.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Respiratory System
Imran Sulaiman, Benjamin G. Wu, Yonghua Li, Jun-Chieh Tsay, Maya Sauthoff, Adrienne S. Scott, Kun Ji, Sergei B. Koralov, Michael Weiden, Jose C. Clemente, Drew Jones, Yvonne J. Huang, Kathleen A. Stringer, Lingdi Zhang, Adam Geber, Stephanie Banakis, Laura Tipton, Elodie Ghedin, Leopoldo N. Segal
Summary: Using different sequencing techniques in the study and investigating the impact of oral commensals in a mouse model, functional characteristics of the lower airway microbiota were identified, indicating that metatranscriptome is the most effective way to capture transient active microbial metabolism.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Virology
Maren de Vries, Adil S. Mohamed, Rachel A. Prescott, Ana M. Valero-Jimenez, Ludovic Desvignes, Rebecca O'Connor, Claire Steppan, Joseph C. Devlin, Ellie Ivanova, Albert Herrera, Austin Schinlever, Paige Loose, Kelly Ruggles, Sergei B. Koralov, Annaliesa S. Anderson, Joseph Binder, Meike Dittmann
Summary: The study compares the efficacy of the potential antiviral drug PF-00835231 with other inhibitors on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, showing that PF-00835231 has similar or higher potency. It targets the main protease of the virus, potentially providing a new treatment option for COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Katharine Lu Yang, Alannah Lejeune, Gregory Chang, Jose U. Scher, Sergei B. Koralov
Summary: Spondyloarthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the bone, synovium, and enthesis, with gut dysbiosis being associated with altered microbial metabolites. Research has shown that changes in intestinal microbiota can modulate disease pathogenesis, with microbial metabolites and antigens playing a role in Spondyloarthritis.
SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lynn M. Heltemes-Harris, Gregory K. Hubbard, Rebecca S. LaRue, Sarah A. Munro, Rendong Yang, Christine M. Henzler, Timothy K. Starr, Aaron L. Sarver, Steven M. Kornblau, Michael A. Farrar
Summary: Transcription factors PAX5, IKZF1, and EBF1 are frequently mutated in B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), and compound heterozygous loss of critical genes can drive transformation. The study identified cooperating genetic defects, such as gain-of-function mutations in Stat5b and Jak7, and loss-of-function mutations in Cblb and Myb, which highlight the role of JAK/STAT5B signaling in B cell transformation and demonstrate the importance of Cblb and Myb mutations in transformation. Additionally, a conserved transcriptional gene signature between human and murine leukemias was identified, characterized by upregulation of myeloid genes, particularly involving the GM-CSF pathway, resembling a B cell/myeloid mixed-lineage leukemia.
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Jane A. Skok
Summary: Professor Jane Skok's lab uses sophisticated techniques to study chromosome architecture and regulatory elements. Her research focuses on understanding the dynamic changes in chromosome structure and nuclear location during recombination. She has made significant contributions to the field and has revealed important mechanisms, such as the maintenance of allelic exclusion and the impact of localized and long-range chromatin contacts on gene regulation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robin D. Lee, Sarah A. Munro, Todd P. Knutson, Rebecca S. LaRue, Lynn M. Heltemes-Harris, Michael A. Farrar
Summary: The integration of external signals and B-lymphoid transcription factor activities in B cell lineage commitment leads to alternating cycles of proliferation and differentiation, generating a diverse repertoire of mature B cells. Using single-cell transcriptomics/proteomics, differential gene networks across B cell development have been identified and correlated with subtypes of B cell leukemia. Unique transcriptional signatures have been revealed that refine pre-B cell expansion stages into pre-BCR-dependent and pre-BCR-independent proliferative phases, with distinct expression kinetics of various biological modalities characterized across B cell development. The underlying heterogeneity of developing B cells has been demonstrated, highlighting developmental nodes linked to B cell transformation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Raman Preet Kaur Gill, Jennifer Gantchev, Amelia Martinez Villarreal, Brandon Ramchatesingh, Elena Netchiporouk, Oleg E. Akilov, Niels odum, Robert Gniadecki, Sergei B. Koralov, Ivan V. Litvinov
Summary: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a group of lymphoproliferative disorders caused by the infiltration of malignant T cells into the skin. Despite the challenges in diagnosis, studying cell lines and xenograft/GEMMs is crucial for advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis of CTCL.
Article
Biology
Johanna Grinat, Frauke Kosel, Neha Goveas, Andrea Kranz, Dimitra Alexopoulou, Klaus Rajewsky, Michael Sigal, A. Francis Stewart, Julian Heuberger
Summary: This study reveals the importance of histone methyltransferase Mll1 in the control of lineage specification of intestinal secretory Paneth and goblet cells. Mll1 prevents intestinal progenitor cells from differentiation but also plays a role in the differentiation of secretory cells. Furthermore, loss of Mll1 leads to aberrant activation of Mapk signaling, which affects intestinal cell differentiation.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2022)
Article
Hematology
Sean Tracy, Hrishi Venkatesh, Can Hekim, Lynn M. Heltemes-Harris, Todd P. Knutson, Veronika Bachanova, Michael A. Farrar
Summary: Research on acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients has shown that CD4(+) T cell exhaustion may be a key factor in relapse. Combined treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and anti-PD-L1 significantly improves patients’ survival rates. Depleting CD4(+) T cells prior to therapy may weaken the immune response, while treatment with anti-PD-L1 helps activate the anti-leukemia response.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Jane A. Skok
Summary: Jane Skok shares her experience of returning to academia after a 12-year career break, highlighting the daunting challenge of reentering the lab even after just a one-year absence, due to the rapid changes in the scientific field.
NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ngoc Tung Tran, Eric Danner, Xun Li, Robin Graf, Mikhail Lebedin, Kathrin de la Rosa, Ralf Kuehn, Klaus Rajewsky, Van Trung Chu
Summary: This study establishes a spacer-nick gene correction approach that combines Cas9D10A nickase with a pair of PAM-out sgRNAs, resulting in efficient gene correction with reduced off-target mutations. The results suggest that this approach provides improved safety and suitability for gene therapy.
Article
Immunology
David L. Owen, Rebecca S. La Rue, Sarah A. Munro, Michael A. Farrar
Summary: Recent studies have revealed multiple stages of regulatory T cell development in the thymus, with both CD25+ T cell progenitors and FOXP3lo T cell progenitors undergoing agonist-activated states and transitional stages before differentiating into mature T cells. CD25+ T cell progenitors were found to be the major source of IL-2 required for the conversion of progenitors into mature T cells. Additionally, thymic resident regulatory T cells were found to be heterogeneous and exhibit the most diverse T cell receptor repertoire among CD4 single-positive thymocytes.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Robin D. Lee, Todd P. Knutson, Sarah A. Munro, Jeffrey T. Miller, Lynn M. Heltemes-Harris, Charles G. Mullighan, Kristen Jepsen, Michael A. Farrar
Summary: The nuclear corepressors NCOR1/2 play a crucial role in regulating B cell development. Loss of NCOR1/2 leads to defective pre-BCR signaling, aberrant chromatin structure, and gene expression, resulting in accelerated leukemic transformation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Irene Chernova, Wenzhi Song, Holly Steach, Omeed Hafez, Jafar Al Souz, Ping-Min Chen, Nisha Chandra, Lloyd Cantley, Margaret Veselits, Marcus R. Clark, Joe Craft
Summary: The kidney is a harsh microenvironment with high sodium concentrations, but lymphocytes can infiltrate and survive in autoimmune diseases such as lupus. However, the effects of sodium-lymphocyte interactions on tissue injury in autoimmune diseases and the mechanisms used by infiltrating lymphocytes to survive in the sodium-rich kidney are not yet understood. This study shows that kidney-infiltrating B cells in lupus can adapt to high sodium concentrations by expressing sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+-K+-ATPase), and inhibition or knockout of this enzyme results in reduced B cell infiltration and improved kidney function. High expression of Na+-K+-ATPase is also observed in B cells from human lupus nephritis biopsies. These findings suggest that Na+-K+-ATPase could be a potential therapeutic target for lupus nephritis.