Article
Food Science & Technology
Leila Nazari, Somayeh Komaki, Iraj Salehi, Safoura Raoufi, Zoleikha Golipoor, Masoumeh Kourosh-Arami, Alireza Komaki
Summary: Oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study found that lutein, a carotenoid with antioxidant properties, has protective effects on memory and learning. Lutein reduces oxidative stress, improves memory and learning, and shows potential as a therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of AD.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Virginia L. De Sousa, Suzana B. Araujo, Leticia M. Antonio, Mariana Silva-Queiroz, Lilian C. Colodeti, Carolina Soares, Fernanda Barros-Aragao, Hannah P. Mota-Araujo, Vinicius S. Alves, Robson Coutinho-Silva, Luiz Eduardo B. Savio, Sergio T. Ferreira, Robson Da Costa, Julia R. Clarke, Claudia P. Figueiredo
Summary: Sepsis survivors exhibit long-lasting trained innate immune memory in the mouse brain, increasing susceptibility to Aβ oligomers. Changes in hippocampal microglial morphology and pro-inflammatory protein levels suggest the presence of trained innate immune memory in the brain post-sepsis. Pharmacological interventions targeting brain phagocytic cells or microglial depletion prevent cognitive dysfunction induced by Aβ oligomers in sepsis-surviving mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Benita Wiatrak, Paulina Jawien, Agnieszka Matuszewska, Adam Szelag, Adriana Kubis-Kubiak
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of amyloid fragments on oxidative stress and found that amyloid fragments have antioxidant properties, protecting neurons from neuroinflammation-induced damage. Among the tested fragments, the 1-40 fragment showed a stronger antioxidant effect.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Swathi Suresh, Jacob Larson, Kenneth Allen Jenrow
Summary: Chronic neuroinflammation was found to impair macromolecular waste clearance in the rat brain, resulting in elevated levels of amyloid beta and reduced density of aquaporin-4. These pathological changes may be associated with enhanced contextual fear memory.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
H. E. Burzynski, K. E. Ayala, M. A. Frick, H. A. Dufala, J. L. Woodruff, V. A. Macht, B. R. Eberl, F. Hollis, J. A. McQuail, C. A. Grillo, J. R. Fadel, L. P. Reagan
Summary: Gulf War Illness (GWI) refers to the multiple disturbances in the central and peripheral systems of soldiers who served in the 1990-1991 Gulf War. The use of the reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, pyridostigmine bromide (PB), and war-related stress have been identified as key factors in GWI pathology. A study found that PB-treated rats exhibited impaired hippocampal cholinergic responses to an immobilization stress challenge three months after PB administration. In addition, these rats showed 24-hour memory deficits in hippocampal-dependent learning and memory tasks when challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the same delayed timepoint.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Quentin Gallet, Vincent Bouteloup, Maxime Locatelli, Marie-Odile Habert, Marie Chupin, Julien Delrieu, Thibaud Lebouvier, Gabriel Robert, Renaud David, Samuel Bulteau, Anna-Chloe Balageas, Alexandre Surget, Catherine Belzung, Nicolas Arlicot, Maria-Joao Ribeiro, Laurent Barantin, Frederic Andersson, Jean-Philippe Cottier, Valerie Gissot, Wissam El-Hage, Vincent Camus, Benedicte Gohier, Thomas Desmidt
Summary: Recent evidence suggests a connection between BZDs use and lower brain amyloid load, with potential effects on hippocampal volume and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and apathy. Additional research is needed to confirm the causal relationship and explore potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer's disease.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chenglong Ge, Wei Chen, Lina Zhang, Yuhang Ai, Yu Zou, Qianyi Peng
Summary: This study explores the role of the hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex pathway in cognitive dysfunction in lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury. The results show that lipopolysaccharide induces cognitive impairment and anxiety-like behaviors. Chemogenetic activation of the hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex pathway improves lipopolysaccharide-induced cognitive dysfunction. However, inhibition of glutamate receptors eliminates the activation effect of the pathway and blocks its activation. The glutamate receptor-mediated CaMKII/CREB/BDNF/TrKB signaling pathway influences the role of the pathway in cognitive dysfunction in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.
Article
Immunology
Dorit Farfara, Meital Sooliman, Limor Avrahami, Tabitha Grace Royal, Shoshik Amram, Lea Rozenstein-Tsalkovich, Dorit Trudler, Shani Blanga-Kanfi, Hagit Eldar-Finkelman, Jens Pahnke, Hanna Rosenmann, Dan Frenkel
Summary: In this study, researchers generated a new mouse model by crossing different mutant mouse models and found that the expression of the TAU gene in astrocytes in the 5xFAD TAU mice exacerbates AD. This suggests the role of TAU in exacerbating Aβ pathology and highlights the potential role of astrocytes in disease progression.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Priyanka Rawat, Ujala Sehar, Jasbir Bisht, Ashley Selman, John Culberson, P. Hemachandra Reddy
Summary: This article summarizes the role of tau and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other tauopathies, highlighting current research on post-translational modifications and genetics of tau, tau pathology, the role of tau in tauopathies, and the development of new drugs targeting p-tau for therapeutics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jong Youl Lee, Eun Ae Jeong, Jaewoong Lee, Hyun Joo Shin, So Jeong Lee, Hyeong Seok An, Kyung Eun Kim, Won-Ho Kim, Yong Chul Bae, Heeyoung Kang, Gu Seob Roh
Summary: Age-related microglial activation is associated with cognitive impairment. TonEBP plays important roles in age-related microglial activation and memory deficits. TonEBP haploinsufficiency reduces microglial activation, synaptic pruning, dendritic spine loss, and memory deficits in middle-aged and amyloid beta oligomer-treated mice. Additionally, TonEBP knockdown attenuates migration and phagocytosis in amyloid beta oligomer-treated BV2 cells.
Article
Neurosciences
Luca Biasetti, Stephanie Rey, Milena Fowler, Arjuna Ratnayaka, Kate Fennell, Catherine Smith, Karen Marshall, Catherine Hall, Mariana Vargas-Caballero, Louise Serpell, Kevin Staras
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is associated with increased levels of A beta in the brain, and this study investigates the impact of A beta on functional presynaptic vesicle pools. The researchers found that A beta treatment led to an enlargement of functional vesicles and an accumulation of recycled vesicles near endocytic sites. This resulted in deficits in vesicle retrieval pathways and limited information signaling capacity. Treatment with an antiepileptic drug partially rescued these transmission defects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liya V. Tret'yakova, Alexey A. Kvichansky, Ekaterina S. Barkovskaya, Anna O. Manolova, Alexey P. Bolshakov, Natalia V. Gulyaeva
Summary: The effects of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptor modulation on acute neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats were investigated. Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor suppressed expression of inflammatory genes, while inhibition of the receptors had no significant effect on the inflammatory response. These findings suggest that glucocorticosteroids ambiguously regulate specific aspects of neuroinflammatory response in the rat hippocampus at the molecular and cellular levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Nicholas M. Kanaan, Tessa Grabinski
Summary: Tau is a versatile protein found in various cell types in the adult CNS, including neurons and mature oligodendrocytes. Different antibodies used for labeling tau show varied results, indicating the complexity of tau distribution and the need for careful interpretation of experimental data. The findings provide insights into the normal distribution of tau and its role in different compartments within the brain under both physiological and diseased conditions.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Shima Ebrahimi Khonacha, Seyed Hamidreza Mirbehbahani, Mona Rahdar, Shima Davoudi, Mehdi Borjkhani, Fariba Khodagholi, Fereshteh Motamedi, Mahyar Janahmadi
Summary: Recent research suggests that activation of kisspeptin receptor can improve neuronal function in a rat model of early Alzheimer's disease, including spontaneous and evoked excitability, spike parameters, etc. Furthermore, KP-13 prevents electrophysiological changes induced by A beta by reducing the expression of STIMs and increasing the pCREB/CREB ratio.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nikol Jankovska, Robert Rusina, Jiri Keller, Jaromir Kukal, Magdalena Bruzova, Eva Parobkova, Tomas Olejar, Radoslav Matej
Summary: This retrospective study examined correlations of clinical, neuropathological, molecular-genetic, immunological, and neuroimaging biomarkers in pure and comorbid Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). A surprisingly high proportion of comorbid neuropathologies were found, complicating the clinical diagnosis of CJD.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Nikolas M. Damme, Diego P. Fernandez, Li-Ming Wang, Qi Wu, Ryan A. Kirk, Rheal A. Towner, J. Scott McNally, John M. Hoffman, Kathryn A. Morton
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Benqing Zhou, Qiang Wu, Meng Wang, Ashley Hoover, Xin Wang, Feifan Zhou, Rheal A. Towner, Nataliya Smith, Debra Saunders, Jun Song, Junle Qu, Wei R. Chen
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nataliya Smith, Debra Saunders, Megan Lerner, Michelle Zalles, Nadezda Mamedova, Daniel Cheong, Ehsan Mohammadi, Tian Yuan, Yi Luo, Robert E. Hurst, Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld, Rheal A. Towner
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rheal A. Towner, Nataliya Smith, Michelle Zalles, Sara Morris, MacKenzie Toliver, Debra Saunders, Megan Lerner, Gaurav Kumar, Robert C. Axtell
Summary: ELTD1 is associated with tumor angiogenesis, with overexpression detected in GBM, where targeting it with an antibody can decrease tumor volumes and increase animal survival. This study also found associations between ELTD1 and MS, as it was readily detected in the brains of EAE mice and predominantly found in the corpus callosum. Additionally, the study showed compromised blood-brain barrier and altered cerebral blood flow in the brains and spinal cords of EAE mice compared to controls using imaging techniques.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lakshmi Kiran Chelluri, Yamuna Mohanram, Rashi Jain, Chandra Shekar Mallarpu, Meenakshi Ponnana, Deepak Kumar, Venkata Vamsi Krishna Venuganti, Ravindranath Kancherla, Rao VL. Papineni, Rheal Towner, Partha Ghosal
Summary: This study presents a scientific approach to fabricate a nanoprobe for labeling cardiac precursor cells, allowing for efficient tracking of their distribution in vivo via MRI. The results indicate high accumulation of the nanoprobe in cardiac muscles compared to liver and spleen, suggesting its potential benefits in treating heart failure.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rheal A. Towner, Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld, Ehsan Mohammadi, Debra Saunders, Nataliya Smith, Grannum R. Sant, Harrison C. Shain, Thomas H. Jozefiak, Robert E. Hurst
Summary: The novel high MW SuperGAG biopolymer has been shown to restore bladder impermeability and reduce pain response in both OVX rat and URO-MCP1 mouse models. The use of CE-MRI imaging proved to be useful in evaluating the efficacy of the therapy in restoring bladder impermeability.
PHARMACOLOGY RESEARCH & PERSPECTIVES
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Rheal A. Towner, Rafal Gulej, Michelle Zalles, Debra Saunders, Nataliya Smith, Megan Lerner, Kathryn A. Morton, Arlan Richardson
Summary: Rapamycin has been shown to have neuroprotective properties in rat neuroinflammatory pathologies and has high translational capability in inhibiting neuroinflammation.
Article
Cell Biology
Michelle Zalles, Nataliya Smith, Debra Saunders, Megan Lerner, Kar-Ming Fung, James Battiste, Rheal A. Towner
Summary: The study compared the effectiveness of anti-ELTD1 and OKN-007 therapies in treating GBM, finding that both significantly increased animal survival, reduced tumor volumes, and normalized vasculature. These therapies show promise as potential single-agent multi-focal therapies for GBM patients.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Richard H. Wiggins, John M. Hoffman, Gabriel C. Fine, Matthew F. Covington, Ahmed Ebada Salem, Bhasker R. Koppula, Kathryn A. Morton
Summary: PET-CT is an advanced imaging technique widely used in oncology for staging, therapeutic response assessment, restaging, and surveillance of tumors. This review article is part of a series of six articles that provide an overview of the value, applications, and interpretive strategies of PET-CT in common adult malignancies. The fifth article in the series focuses on PET-CT imaging in head and neck tumors and neuro oncology.
Review
Oncology
Ahmed Ebada Salem, Gabriel C. Fine, Matthew F. Covington, Bhasker R. Koppula, Richard H. Wiggins, John M. Hoffman, Kathryn A. Morton
Summary: PET-CT, an advanced imaging technique combining positron emission tomography and computed tomography, has diverse applications in oncology. This series of articles provides practical information on the best use and interpretative strategies of PET-CT for adult malignancies, with this fourth article focusing on gynecologic and genitourinary malignancies.
Review
Oncology
Bhasker R. Koppula, Gabriel C. Fine, Ahmed Ebada Salem, Matthew F. Covington, Richard H. Wiggins, John M. Hoffman, Kathryn A. Morton
Summary: Positron emission tomography (PET), typically combined with computed tomography (CT), is a critical advanced imaging technique in oncology, allowing for staging, therapeutic response assessment, restaging, and surveillance of adult malignancies. This imaging modality uses a radioactive radiotracer injected into the bloodstream to localize to tumor sites and is complemented by CT scans to provide detailed anatomic information and characterize radioactivity from deep structures.
Review
Oncology
Gabriel C. Fine, Matthew F. Covington, Bhasker R. Koppula, Ahmed Ebada Salem, Richard H. Wiggins, John M. Hoffman, Kathryn A. Morton
Summary: This article discusses the applications of PET-CT in oncology, including staging, therapeutic assessment, restaging, and surveillance. It provides guidelines for PET-CT interpretation, tumor-specific clinical information, and representative PET-CT images. It also emphasizes the appropriate role of PET-CT in managing patients with aggressive cutaneous malignancies, sarcomas, and neuroendocrine tumors.
Review
Oncology
Matthew F. Covington, Bhasker R. Koppula, Gabriel C. Fine, Ahmed Ebada Salem, Richard H. Wiggins, John M. Hoffman, Kathryn A. Morton
Summary: Positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography (PET-CT) is an advanced imaging technique with a wide range of applications in oncology. This series of articles provides practical information about the use of PET-CT in breast cancer and primary thoracic malignancies, addressing specific histologic subtypes and imaging features that distinguish between different types of tumors.
Review
Oncology
Ahmed Ebada Salem, Harsh R. Shah, Matthew F. Covington, Bhasker R. Koppula, Gabriel C. Fine, Richard H. Wiggins, John M. Hoffman, Kathryn A. Morton
Summary: This article discusses the applications of PET-CT in hematologic malignancies, including an outline of the classification, critical applications, and imaging features. It serves as a practical guide for healthcare professionals in the clinical management of adult patients with hematologic malignancies.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Andriy Yabluchanskiy, Adam Nyul-Toth, Anna Csiszar, Rafal Gulej, Debra Saunders, Rheal Towner, Monroe Turner, Yuguang Zhao, Dema Abdelkari, Bart Rypma, Stefano Tarantini
Summary: This review discusses the multifaceted effects of aging and the contributions of age-related pathologies on structural and functional integrity of the cerebral microcirculation as they has been investigated in animal models of aging, highlighting potential confounding factors in the interpretation of BOLD fMRI.