Review
Oncology
Tian-Jiao Li, Jian Jiang, Ya-Ling Tang, Xin-Hua Liang
Summary: GABA is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and it regulates tumor development via several pathways. GABA signaling exists in the cancer microenvironment and has an immunosuppressive effect that contributes to metastasis and colonization.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kayla M. Shumate, Sadik T. Tas, Ege T. Kavalali, Ronald B. Emeson
Summary: Caps editing plays a crucial role in modulating neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity, particularly at inhibitory synapses. The edited Cadps transcripts increase the proportion of synapses containing CAPS1, and editing is regulated by neuronal activity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Nicolaie Moldovan, Iuliu-Ioan Blaga, Sanjeev Billa, Imran Hossain, Chenggong Gong, Claire E. Jones, Teresa A. Murray, Ralu Divan, Shabnam Siddiqui, Prabhu U. Arumugam
Summary: Glutamate (GLU) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) play crucial roles in signal transmission in the brain. Imbalances in GLU-GABA homeostasis are linked to brain disorders, and a silicon multifunctional biosensor microarray probe has been developed for real-time simultaneous GLU-GABA detection with high sensitivity and selectivity in vivo.
SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B-CHEMICAL
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jing Xie, Qi Zhong, Wen-tao Wu, Jian-jun Chen
Summary: This study observed the characteristics of gut microbiota, lipid metabolism, and neurotransmitters in depressed mice and identified the relationship between gut microbiota and depression. The results showed significant differences in gut microbiota and metabolic signatures between depressed mice and control mice, and suggested that lipid metabolism might play a crucial role in the link between gut microbiota and depression.
JOURNAL OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gary Rudnick
Summary: Baruch Kanner and the author have parallel careers in investigating neurotransmitter transporters, collaborating and competing at various points but always learning from each other. This commentary focuses on interactions between the Kanner and Rudnick laboratories, specifically on transporters in the Neurotransmitter: Sodium Symporter (NSS) family of amino acid and amine transporters, with a key emphasis on the mechanism of chloride ion activation and transport driving.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pinghui Wei, Guoge Han, Meiqin He, Yan Wang
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the changes in retinal neurotransmitters and the role of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) pathway in regulating myopic refractive state. The results showed that after forced occlusion for 4 weeks, dopamine (DA) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations decreased, while glutamate (Glu), 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT), and glycine concentrations increased, accompanied by an increase in myopic refraction and axial length (AL). Treating with D2R antagonist sulpiride increased glycine and DA levels, while decreasing 3-MT and Glu levels, accompanied by a decrease in myopic refraction and AL. The ratio of Glu to GABA (RGG) represents the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, and changes in RGG correlated with changes in AL.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sergej Friesen, Marina V. Fedotova, Sergey E. Kruchinin, Richard Buchner
Summary: Room-temperature aqueous solutions of GABA and AABA were studied using DRS and statistical mechanics calculations. The results showed that only about half of the water molecules in direct contact with the solute are affected in their dynamics. GABA moderately retards -10 H2O molecules, while AABA moderately retards -6 H2O molecules and freezes -6 H2O molecules.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR LIQUIDS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lin-Feng Wang, Ting-Ting Li, Yu Zhang, Jia-Xing Guo, Kai-Kai Lu, Wen-Cheng Liu
Summary: The study found that melatonin enhances plant tolerance to osmotic stress by increasing the ability to scavenge ROS, with the melatonin receptor CAND2 playing a key role in this process. Additionally, the expression of melatonin biosynthetic genes and the accumulation of melatonin are influenced by osmotic stress, affecting the plant's response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Harrison J. Ramsay, Sara E. Gookin, Austin M. Ramsey, Dean J. Kareemo, Kevin C. Crosby, Dominik G. Stich, Samantha S. Olah, Hannah S. Actor-Engel, Katharine R. Smith, Matthew J. Kennedy
Summary: Postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors and their associated scaffolding proteins form nanometer-scale subsynaptic domains (SSDs) within the postsynaptic membrane. The role of neurotransmitter signaling in the initial assembly of these SSDs during synapse development is still unknown.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
K. S. Varadarajan, Puneet Bagga, Akila Ramesh, Anup N. Chugani, Anant B. Patel
Summary: Chronic lead exposure in mice leads to impaired forelimb strength and perturbed neurometabolism in brain regions involved in cognition and movement.
Review
Neurosciences
Tingyan Wu, Weili Cai, Xi Chen
Summary: Neurotransmission signaling is a conserved system with important regulatory events. The role of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter systems in brain function is well established. Recent research has shown that epigenetic regulation plays a crucial role in controlling the expression of neurotransmitter-related genes and its dysregulation is associated with neurological disorders. This article explores the epigenetic regulation of dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and serotonin genes, and discusses how targeting these mechanisms can lead to improved treatments for neurological disorders.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Junhui Huang, Fei Xu, Liping Yang, Lina Tuolihong, Xiaoyu Wang, Zibo Du, Yiqi Zhang, Xuanlin Yin, Yingjun Li, Kangrong Lu, Wanshan Wang
Summary: This paper reviews the role of the GABAergic system in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) through preclinical and clinical studies, neuroimaging techniques, and pharmacological studies. Understanding the role of the GABAergic system in PTSD and searching for new drug targets will be helpful in the treatment of PTSD.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Heli Zhou, Hongyu Chen, Dapeng Bao, Tan Yee Shin, Yejun Zhong, Xi Zhang, Yingying Wu
Summary: This article reviews the wide occurrence of GABA in organisms and its important role as a neurotransmitter, as well as the preparation, enrichment, and applications of GABA. It provides insights for developing GABA-enriched plant varieties and food products, and guidance for efficient production of GABA through synthetic biology approaches.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Manan Bhatt, Laure Gauthier-Manuel, Erika Lazzarin, Rocco Zerlotti, Christine Ziegler, Andre Bazzone, Thomas Stockner, Elena Bossi
Summary: γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) acts as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, regulated by GABA transporters (GATs). Although GAT1 has been extensively studied, the roles of other GABA transporters, especially BGT-1, remain unclear. This review aims to compare GAT1 and BGT-1, leveraging the knowledge of GAT1 to shed light on the unanswered questions regarding BGT-1.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Vasily A. Aleshin, Anastasia V. Graf, Artem V. Artiukhov, Alexandra I. Boyko, Alexander L. Ksenofontov, Maria V. Maslova, Isabel Nogues, Martino L. di Salvo, Victoria I. Bunik
Summary: The study reveals that the disturbed metabolism of vitamins B1 or B6 may cause seizures, especially with stronger PTZ sensitivity in female rats. Female rats show delayed seizure with administration of vitamins B1 and B6, indicating potential therapeutic effects. Sex differences in behavior and brain biochemistry after a seizure suggest that epilepsy has sex-specific impacts on physiological and biochemical processes in the brain.
Article
Physiology
Atanaska Ivanova Doncheva, Silvana Romero, Manuel Ramirez-Garrastacho, Sindre Lee, Kristoffer J. Kolnes, Daniel Steensen Tangen, Thomas Olsen, Christian A. Drevon, Alicia Llorente, Knut Tomas Dalen, Marit Hjorth
Summary: Exercise-induced extracellular vesicles and their cargo miRNAs are associated with dysglycemia, obesity, and metabolic health. These findings provide a foundation for future studies on the exercise-induced effects of extracellular vesicles and their cargo miRNAs.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marit Hjorth, Atanaska Doncheva, Frode Norheim, Stine Marie Ulven, Kirsten Bjorklund Holven, Thomas Saether, Knut Tomas Dalen
Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the cardiometabolic effects and metabolic tolerance in mice consuming fishmeal from salmon by-products. The results showed that fishmeal increased hepatic cholesterol content in mice, but had no significant effects on glucose tolerance and hepatic toxicity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ahmed Jamali, Erle Kristensen, Trine Tangeraas, Vibeke Arntsen, Alma Sikiric, Guste Kupliauskiene, Sverre Myren-Svelstad, Siren Berland, Yngve Sejersted, Thorsten Gerstner, Bjornar Hassel, Laurence A. Bindoff, Eylert Brodtkorb
Summary: This study aimed to assess the spectrum of PDE at various ages in Norway. The results showed a higher prevalence of PDE-ALDH7A1 in children, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis.
Article
Psychology, Educational
Goril Brevik Svae, Bjornar Hassel, Erik Sondenaa
Summary: This study aimed to identify barriers to preventing harmful sexual behaviour in people with intellectual disabilities within the support sector and the justice system. The study found that a lack of education and guidelines was a major challenge in regulating the sexual behaviour of people with intellectual disabilities.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Maja Zupancic, Evgenii Tretiakov, Zoltan Mate, Ferenc Erdelyi, Gabor Szabo, Frederic Clotman, Tomas Hokfelt, Tibor Harkany, Erik Keimpema
Summary: This study maps the positions and connectivity of Onecut3(+) neuronal populations in the developing and adult mouse brain. The study found that Onecut3 marks a previously undescribed neuronal cohort in the lateral hypothalamus, which expresses thyrotropin-releasing hormone. The Onecut3(+) neurons in the lateral hypothalamus have both intra- and extrahypothalamic efferents, with projections to the septal complex, habenula, neocortex, and hippocampus.
Article
Psychiatry
Emilie S. M. Kildal, Daniel S. Quintana, Attila Szabo, Christian Tronstad, Ole Andreassen, Terje Naerland, Bjornar Hassel
Summary: This study aims to use heart rate monitoring to identify potentially painful care procedures for non-communicative patients with autism and intellectual disability. It also aims to assess the effect of HR-informed changes in care procedures on biomarkers of pain and the quality of communication between patients and caregivers through HR.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Astri J. Meen, Atanaska I. Doncheva, Yvonne Boettcher, Simon N. Dankel, Anne Hoffmann, Matthias Blueher, Johan Ferno, Gunnar Mellgren, Adhideb Ghosh, Wenfei Sun, Hua Dong, Falko Noe, Christian Wolfrum, Gunnar Pejler, Knut Tomas Dalen, Svein O. Kolset
Summary: This study investigated the impact of obesity and weight loss on the expression of specific proteoglycans in adipose tissue. Transcriptomic data from human bariatric surgery cohorts and gene analyses in mice revealed altered gene expression in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue depots. The gene expression changes in visceral adipose tissue were more pronounced after surgery, suggesting ongoing adipose tissue repair.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yunhao Wang, Yanjiao Li, Trine Skuland, Chengjie Zhou, Aifu Li, Adnan Hashim, Ingunn Jermstad, Shaista Khan, Knut Tomas Dalen, Gareth D. D. Greggains, Arne Klungland, John Arne Dahl, Kin Fai Au
Summary: The authors used low-input methyl RNA immunoprecipitation and sequencing to map the N-6-methyladenosine (m(6)A) landscape during mouse oocyte and early embryo development. They found that retrotransposon-derived RNAs and genes involved in the maternal-to-zygotic transition are often marked by m(6)A. By applying this low-input method, they were able to define the m(6)A landscape during the maternal-to-zygotic transition, including the stage-specific expression of transcription factors that are essential for cell fate determination.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Shirin Pourteymour, Christian A. Drevon, Knut Tomas Dalen, Frode A. Norheim
Summary: This review summarizes the key factors contributing to the onset and progress of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and discusses the role of genetic regulation of hepatic lipids in NAFLD. Studies have shown that a combination of factors, including obesity, insulin resistance, lipotoxic lipids, and genetic susceptibility, determines the severity of NAFLD. The identification of key determinants in various biological systems has shed light on the development of NAFLD.
CURRENT ATHEROSCLEROSIS REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martino Caramia, Roman A. Romanov, Spyridon Syderomenos, Zsofia Hevesi, Ming Zhao, Marharyta Krasniakova, Zhi- Qing David Xu, Tibor Harkany, Tomas G. M. Hoekfelt
Summary: The locus coeruleus (LC), a small nucleus in the pons, plays a crucial role in the functioning of the central nervous system, particularly in wakefulness. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify different subtypes of neurons in the LC and characterized their neuropeptide and receptor profiles. The results showed that NE neurons expressed various neuropeptide transcripts, with galanin being a notable one. Surprisingly, Galr1, a galanin receptor, was highly expressed in GABA neurons surrounding the NE ensemble. Functional experiments revealed that GalR1 agonist can inhibit a significant proportion of NE neurons. These findings provide insights into the role of the galanin system in NE function and have implications for understanding the actions of other peptides and their receptors.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Leiv Otto Watne, Christian Thomas Pollmann, Bjorn Erik Neerland, Else Quist-Paulsen, Nathalie Bodd Halaas, Ane-Victoria Idland, Bjornar Hassel, Kristi Henjum, Anne-Brita Knapskog, Frede Frihagen, Johan Raeder, Aasmund Godo, Per Magne Ueland, Adrian McCann, Wender Figved, Geir Selbaek, Henrik Zetterberg, Evandro F. Fang, Marius Myrstad, Lasse M. Gill
Summary: This study found that in patients with delirium, the concentration of the neurotoxic metabolite quinolinic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF-QA) was increased and was associated with neuronal damage markers and 1-year mortality. This discovery reveals a strong link between systemic inflammation, neurotoxicity, and delirium.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
