Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hweixian Leong Penny, Je Lin Sieow, Sin Yee Gun, Mai Chan Lau, Bernett Lee, Jasmine Tan, Cindy Phua, Florida Toh, Yvonne Nga, Wei Hseun Yeap, Baptiste Janela, Dilip Kumar, Hao Chen, Joe Yeong, Justin A. Kenkel, Angela Pang, Diana Lim, Han Chong Toh, Tony Lim Kiat Hon, Christopher Johnson, Hanif Javanmard Khameneh, Alessandra Mortellaro, Edgar G. Engleman, Olaf Rotzschke, Florent Ginhoux, Jean-Pierre Abastado, Jinmiao Chen, Siew Cheng Wong
Summary: Inflammation in the tumor microenvironment promotes disease progression in PDAC. Macrophages from tumor-bearing individuals exhibit elevated glycolysis, and macrophage-specific deletion of GLUT1 reduces tumor burden significantly. Pharmacological inhibition of GLUT1 can decrease tumor burden and improve patient outcomes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Tao Fan, Shize Pan, Shuo Yang, Bo Hao, Lin Zhang, Donghang Li, Qing Geng
Summary: This study investigated the expression profile of IL(R) family genes in LUAD and constructed a robust prognostic IL(R)-based signature with strong predictive ability for immunotherapy response. The signature presented unique immune inflammation characteristics in the tumor microenvironment, providing potential for individualized treatment of LUAD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jie Wu, Lan Li, Huibo Zhang, Yaqi Zhao, Haohan Zhang, Siyi Wu, Bin Xu
Summary: This study investigated genes associated with tumor microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma and developed a TMErisk score for predicting patient survival. Results showed that high TMErisk was associated with poor overall survival and lower abundance of immune and stromal cells, as well as decreased expression of HLA family genes and immune checkpoint genes. Mutations in certain genes were more common in high-TMErisk group, potentially affecting response to immunotherapy. A lower TMErisk score may indicate better response and overall survival outcomes in immunotherapy.
Article
Immunology
E. R. Stevenson, L. C. Smith, M. L. Wilkinson, S. J. Lee, A. J. Gow
Summary: Pulmonary macrophages, as sentinel cells exposed to the environment, play a vital role in maintaining lung health. The formation of lipid-laden macrophages in the lungs is governed by lipid acquisition, storage, metabolism, and export processes. Understanding the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in this process is essential for maintaining homeostasis and preventing lung pathologies.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Jun Zhang, Nirmal Veeramachaneni
Summary: Inflammation is a process that protects organs and enables repair, but dysregulated inflammation leads to diseases like cancer. Cancer-related inflammation modulates the tumor microenvironment, an important factor in tumor progression, and targeting its immune component is the basis of immunotherapy. Blocking interleukin-1 beta has shown promise in reducing the incidence of lung cancer, opening up a new avenue for lung cancer therapy.
BIOMARKER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ruixia Li, Run Tong, Zhe Zhang, Mingming Deng, Tao Wang, Gang Hou
Summary: This study explores the relationship between macrophages and tumor immunity in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Through analysis of scRNA-seq data, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to macrophages were identified, and three distinct immune patterns in LUAD patients were characterized. A four-gene prognostic signature based on these DEGs showed promise in predicting outcomes and the immune landscape of LUAD patients.
Article
Immunology
Bufu Tang, Wangting Xu, Yajie Wang, Jinyu Zhu, Hailin Wang, Jianfei Tu, Qiaoyou Weng, Chunli Kong, Yang Yang, Rongfang Qiu, Zhongwei Zhao, Min Xu, Jiansong Ji
Summary: This study identified ferroptosis regulators associated with tumor immune infiltration in LUAD patients through multidisciplinary data analysis and experimental validation, highlighting three genes closely related to patient prognosis.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dhana Sekhar Reddy Bandi, Sujith Sarvesh, Batoul Farran, Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju, Bassel F. El-Rayes
Summary: Pancreatic cancer, specifically pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), is challenging due to its complex and highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Immunometabolism plays a critical role in shaping the TME and influencing PDAC progression. Genetic alterations, lysosomal dysfunction, gut microbiome dysbiosis, and altered metabolic pathways modulate immunometabolism in PDAC, impacting immune cell functions and evading anti-tumor immunity. Advances in immunotherapy offer promising avenues for overcoming the immunosuppressive TME and improving patient outcomes.
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xiangqian Zhang, Yunfan Zhang, Xiaomei Gao, Ye Zhang, Yongheng Chen
Summary: This study revealed that DPEP2 is significantly associated with tumor grade and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and is involved in biological processes such as chemokine signaling pathways, leukocyte trans-endothelial migration, and humoral immune responses. DPEP2 is highly expressed in normal lung tissues, but downregulated in NSCLC tissues, especially in macrophages. High expression of DPEP2 is associated with a stronger response to immune checkpoint inhibitors and determines sensitivity to NSCLC therapeutic agents. Furthermore, DPEP2 inhibits the migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Therefore, DPEP2 may serve as a potential immune biomarker and therapeutic target for NSCLC.
Article
Oncology
Yusuke Shinchi, Shiho Ishizuka, Yoshihiro Komohara, Eri Matsubara, Remi Mito, Cheng Pan, Daiki Yoshii, Kimihiro Yonemitsu, Yukio Fujiwara, Koei Ikeda, Koji Tamada, Takuro Sakagami, Makoto Suzuki
Summary: PD-1 and PD-L1 are target molecules for immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer. This study investigated the clinical significance of PD-L1 expression on macrophages in lung adenocarcinoma and found that high PD-L1 expression was correlated with EGFR mutation, lower cancer grade, and shorter overall survival. The mechanism of PD-L1 overexpression on macrophages was found to be induced by GM-CSF derived from cancer cells via STAT3 activation. Anti-GM-CSF therapy inhibited cancer development, but had no effect on PD-L1 expression on macrophages. PD-L1 overexpression on macrophages via the GM-CSF/STAT3 pathway was suggested to promote cancer progression in lung adenocarcinoma.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Qi Tan, Limin Duan, Qi Huang, Wenjuan Chen, Zimo Yang, Jiangbin Chen, Yang Jin
Summary: The study revealed that IL-1 beta promotes glycolysis of LUAD cells through the p38 signaling pathway, enhancing tumor-cell migration and invasion. Targeting IL-1 beta and the glycolysis pathway may be a potential therapeutic strategy for lung cancer.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Zhuoqi Li, Zongxiu Yin, Zupeng Luan, Chi Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Kai Zhang, Feng Chen, Zhensong Yang, Yuan Tian
Summary: This study constructed a risk score model for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) based on novel biomarkers related to the coagulation process and tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) infiltration. The model showed excellent predictive value for patient prognosis and immunotherapeutic clinical outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiangyu Zhang, Trent D. Evans, Sunny Chen, Ismail Sergin, Jeremiah Stitham, Se-Jin Jeong, Astrid Rodriguez-Velez, Yu-Sheng Yeh, Arick Park, In-Hyuk Jung, Abhinav Diwan, Joel D. Schilling, Oren Rom, Arif Yurdagul, Slava Epelman, Jaehyung Cho, Irfan J. Lodhi, Bettina Mittendorfer, Babak Razani
Summary: The mTOR pathway plays a significant role in atherosclerosis, with mTORC1 promoting lesion formation and mTORC2 inhibiting inflammatory response and regulating plaque complexity. The balanced and opposing roles of these two arms of mTOR signaling have important implications for plaque size and complexity.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Embgenbroich, Hendrik J. P. van der Zande, Leonie Hussaarts, Jonas Schulte-Schrepping, Leonard R. Pelgrom, Noemi Garcia-Tardon, Laura Schlautmann, Isabel Stoetzel, Kristian Handler, Joost M. Lambooij, Anna Zawistowska-Deniziak, Lisa Hoving, Karin de Ruiter, Marjolein Wijngaarden, Hanno Pijl, Ko Willems van Dijk, Bart Everts, Vanessa van Harmelen, Maria Yazdanbakhsh, Joachim L. Schultze, Bruno Guigas, Sven Burgdorf
Summary: sMR plays a direct functional role in macrophage activation and metaflammation, with increased serum sMR levels correlating with proinflammatory cytokine production and insulin resistance. These findings suggest sMR may be a potential therapeutic target for metaflammation and hyperinflammatory diseases.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ansheng Wang, Fangtian Fan, Chao Zang, Chao Li, Haining Hong, Zuyi Wang, Yuan Gao, Liwei Chen, Xiaofu Yu, Chao Zhou, Chengling Zhao
Summary: This study revealed that high expression of MPZL1 promotes the malignant progression of lung adenocarcinoma by enhancing tumor proliferation, invasion, migration, and suppressing immune function. MPZL1 interacts with transforming growth factor-beta 1 to promote the progression of lung adenocarcinoma, and its high expression is negatively correlated with infiltration of CD8(+) cells, possibly leading to immunotherapy resistance.
HUMAN GENE THERAPY
(2023)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Carlos Silvestre-Roig, Patricia Lemnitzer, Julie Gall, Simon Schwager, Albulena Toska, Laurent Yvan-Charvet, Michael Detmar, Oliver Soehnlein
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Emelyne Lecuyer, Tiphaine Le Roy, Aurelie Gestin, Amelie Lacombe, Catherine Philippe, Maharajah Ponnaiah, Jean-Baptiste Hure, Magali Fradet, Farid Ichou, Samira Boudebbouze, Thierry Huby, Emmanuel Gautier, Moez Rhimi, Emmanuelle Maguin, Nathalie Kapel, Philippe Gerard, Nicolas Venteclef, Michele Garlatti, Benoit Chassaing, Philippe Lesnik
Summary: Research shows that excess chronic contact between microbial motifs and intestinal immune cells is related to diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Transgenic mice with enhanced DC lifespan and immunogenicity show resistance to high-fat diet and metabolic alterations. This resistance is associated with healthier intestinal barrier function and reduced intestinal inflammation.
Review
Cell Biology
L. Emmanuel Gautier, Haoussa Askia, Florent Murcy, Laurent Yvan-Charvet
Summary: Macrophages play a crucial role in cardiometabolic diseases, with diverse origins and functions influenced by the local metabolic environment. This review summarizes the emerging versatility of macrophages in controlling homeostasis in adipose tissue, liver, and large vessels.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Physiology
Genevieve Marcelin, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Karine Clement
Summary: Obesity is a chronic and progressive condition that affects whole-body energy balance and is linked to the development of comorbidities. Fibrotic adipose tissue caused by obesity can lead to metabolic dysfunctions such as insulin resistance. Targeting inflammation or fibrosis deposition may help improve insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis in individuals with obesity.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maryam Darabi, Marie Lhomme, Veronica D. Dahik, Isabelle Guillas, Eric Frisdal, Emilie Tubeuf, Lucie Poupel, Mili Patel, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Thierry Huby, Maryse Guerin, Kerry-Anne Rye, Philippe Lesnik, Wilfried Le Goff, Anatol Kontush
Summary: Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory activity. This study found that the incorporation of PS into reconstituted HDL enhanced its anti-inflammatory effects by modulating signaling pathways mediated by SR-BI.
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marina C. Oliveira, Genevieve Marcelin, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Adaliene V. M. Ferreira
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Venetia Bazioti, Anouk M. La Rose, Sjors Maassen, Frans Bianchi, Rinse de Boer, Benedek Halmos, Deepti Dabral, Emma Guilbaud, Arthur Flohr-Svendsen, Anouk G. Groenen, Alejandro Marmolejo-Garza, Mirjam H. Koster, Niels J. Kloosterhuis, Rick Havinga, Alle T. Pranger, Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje, Alain de Bruin, Bart van de Sluis, Alison B. Kohan, Laurent Yvan-Charvet, Geert van den Bogaart, Marit Westerterp
Summary: The absence of ABCA1/ABCG1 cholesterol transporters in T cells leads to reduced T cell numbers and increased activation, resulting in premature aging, senescence, and apoptosis in middle-aged Ldlr(-/-) mice. However, this deficiency also decreases atherosclerosis and aortic inflammation, suggesting a complex role of cholesterol efflux pathways in T cell function and age-related diseases.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Anastasiia Gainullina, Denis A. Mogilenko, Li-Hao Huang, Helena Todorov, Vipin Narang, Ki-Wook Kim, Lim Sheau Yng, Andrew Kent, Baosen Jia, Kumba Seddu, Karen Krchma, Jun Wu, Karine Crozat, Elena Tomasello, Regine Dress, Peter See, Charlotte Scott, Sophie Gibbings, Geetika Bajpai, Jigar V. Desai, Barbara Maier, Sebastien This, Peter Wang, Stephanie Vargas Aguilar, Lucie Poupel, Sebastien Dussaud, Tyng-An Zhou, Veronique Angeli, J. Magarian Blander, Kyunghee Choi, Marc Dalod, Ivan Dzhagalov, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Claudia Jakubzick, Kory Lavine, Michail S. Lionakis, Helena Paidassi, Michael H. Sieweke, Florent Ginhoux, Martin Guilliams, Christophe Benoist, Miriam Merad, Gwendalyn J. Randolph, Alexey Sergushichev, Maxim N. Artyomov
Summary: This study focuses on the diversity and metabolic variability of mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) subpopulations. Through metabolic network analysis of large-scale transcriptional datasets, it was found that cholesterol synthesis is particularly active in migratory dendritic cells, while glutathione synthesis is essential for cysteinyl leukotriene production by peritoneal and lung macrophages.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Emma Guilbaud, Guido Kroemer, Lorenzo Galluzzi
Summary: This study reveals that surface-exposed CALR acts as an endogenous activator of natural killer cells, thus regulating various aspects of innate immunosurveillance.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilio Vitale, Federico Pietrocola, Emma Guilbaud, Stuart A. Aaronson, John M. Abrams, Dieter Adam, Massimiliano Agostini, Patrizia Agostinis, Emad S. Alnemri, Lucia Altucci, Ivano Amelio, David W. Andrews, Rami Aqeilan, Eli Arama, Eric H. Baehrecke, Siddharth Balachandran, Daniele Bano, Nickolai A. Barlev, Jiri Bartek, Nicolas G. Bazan, Christoph Becker, Francesca Bernassola, Mathieu J. M. Bertrand, Marco E. Bianchi, Mikhail V. Blagosklonny, J. Magarian Blander, Giovanni Blandino, Klas Blomgren, Christoph Borner, Carl D. Bortner, Pierluigi Bove, Patricia Boya, Catherine Brenner, Petr Broz, Thomas Brunner, Rune Busk Damgaard, George A. Calin, Michelangelo Campanella, Eleonora Candi, Michele Carbone, Didac Carmona-Gutierrez, Francesco Cecconi, Francis K-M Chan, Guo-Qiang Chen, Quan Chen, Youhai H. Chen, Emily H. Cheng, Jerry E. Chipuk, John A. Cidlowski, Aaron Ciechanover, Gennaro Ciliberto, Marcus Conrad, Juan R. Cubillos-Ruiz, Peter E. Czabotar, Vincenzo D'Angiolella, Mads Daugaard, Ted M. Dawson, Valina L. Dawson, Ruggero De Maria, Bart De Strooper, Klaus-Michael Debatin, Ralph J. Deberardinis, Alexei Degterev, Giannino Del Sal, Mohanish Deshmukh, Francesco Di Virgilio, Marc Diederich, Scott J. Dixon, Brian D. Dynlacht, Wafik S. El-Deiry, John W. Elrod, Kurt Engeland, Gian Maria Fimia, Claudia Galassi, Carlo Ganini, Ana J. Garcia-Saez, Abhishek D. Garg, Carmen Garrido, Evripidis Gavathiotis, Motti Gerlic, Sourav Ghosh, Douglas R. Green, Lloyd A. Greene, Hinrich Gronemeyer, Georg Haecker, Gyorgy Hajnoczky, J. Marie Hardwick, Ygal Haupt, Sudan He, David M. Heery, Michael O. Hengartner, Claudio Hetz, David A. Hildeman, Hidenori Ichijo, Satoshi Inoue, Marja Jaeaettelae, Ana Janic, Bertrand Joseph, Philipp J. Jost, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Michael Karin, Hamid Kashkar, Thomas Kaufmann, Gemma L. Kelly, Oliver Kepp, Adi Kimchi, Richard N. Kitsis, Daniel J. Klionsky, Ruth Kluck, Dmitri Krysko, Dagmar Kulms, Sharad Kumar, Sergio Lavandero, Inna N. Lavrik, John J. Lemasters, Gianmaria Liccardi, Andreas Linkermann, Stuart A. Lipton, Richard A. Lockshin, Carlos Lopez-Otin, Tom Luedde, Marion MacFarlane, Frank Madeo, Walter Malorni, Gwenola Manic, Roberto Mantovani, Saverio Marchi, Jean-Christophe Marine, Seamus J. Martin, Jean-Claude Martinou, Pier G. Mastroberardino, Jan Paul Medema, Patrick Mehlen, Pascal Meier, Gerry Melino, Sonia Melino, Edward A. Miao, Ute M. Moll, Cristina Munoz-Pinedo, Daniel J. Murphy, Maria Victoria Niklison-Chirou, Flavia Novelli, Gabriel Nunez, Andrew Oberst, Dimitry Ofengeim, Joseph T. Opferman, Moshe Oren, Michele Pagano, Theocharis Panaretakis, Manolis Pasparakis, Josef M. Penninger, Francesca Pentimalli, David M. Pereira, Shazib Pervaiz, Marcus E. Peter, Paolo Pinton, Giovanni Porta, Jochen H. M. Prehn, Hamsa Puthalakath, Gabriel A. Rabinovich, Krishnaraj Rajalingam, Kodi S. Ravichandran, Markus Rehm, Jean-Ehrland Ricci, Rosario Rizzuto, Nirmal Robinson, Cecilia M. P. Rodrigues, Barak Rotblat, Carla Rothlin, David C. Rubinsztein, Thomas Rudel, Alessandro Rufini, Kevin M. Ryan, Kristopher A. Sarosiek, Akira Sawa, Emre Sayan, Kate Schroder, Luca Scorrano, Federico Sesti, Feng Shao, Yufang Shi, Giuseppe S. Sica, John Silke, Hans-Uwe Simon, Antonella Sistigu, Anastasis Stephanou, Brent R. Stockwell, Flavie Strapazzon, Andreas Strasser, Liming Sun, Erwei Sun, Qiang Sun, Gyorgy Szabadkai, Stephen W. G. Tait, Daolin Tang, Nektarios Tavernarakis, Carol M. Troy, Boris Turk, Nicoletta Urbano, Peter Vandenabeele, Tom Vanden Berghe, Matthew G. Vander Heiden, Jacqueline L. Vanderluit, Alexei Verkhratsky, Andreas Villunger, Silvia von Karstedt, Anne K. Voss, Karen H. Vousden, Domagoj Vucic, Daniela Vuri, Erwin F. Wagner, Henning Walczak, David Wallach, Ruoning Wang, Ying Wang, Achim Weber, Will Wood, Takahiro Yamazaki, Huang-Tian Yang, Zahra Zakeri, Joanna E. Zawacka-Pankau, Lin Zhang, Haibing Zhang, Boris Zhivotovsky, Wenzhao Zhou, Mauro Piacentini, Guido Kroemer, Lorenzo Galluzzi
Summary: Apoptosis is a regulated cell death process involving caspase family proteases. Inhibiting or delaying apoptosis experimentally through pharmacological and genetic strategies has demonstrated its importance in embryonic development, tissue homeostasis, and the pathogenesis of various human disorders. Defects in apoptotic cell death machinery impair development and promote oncogenesis, while inappropriate activation of apoptosis contributes to cell loss and tissue damage in neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic, and inflammatory conditions.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2023)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Emma Guilbaud, Thibaul Barouillet, Marius Ilie, Coraline Borowczyk, Stoyan Ivanov, Vincent Sarrazy, Nathalie Vaillant, Marion Ayrault, Alexia Castiglione, Guylene Rignol, Patrick Brest, Venetia Bazioti, Konstantin Zaitsev, Kevin Lebrigand, Sebastien Dussaud, Virginie Magnone, Corine Bertolotto, Sandrine Marchetti, Marie Irondelle, Ira Goldberg, Thierry Huby, Marit Westerterp, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Bernard Mari, Pascal Barbry, Paul Hofman, Laurent Yvan-Charvet
Summary: Cholesterol efflux pathways play a role in tumor biology and can be targeted as a metabolic therapy for lung cancer. Disruption of these pathways in epithelial progenitor cells promotes tumor growth and creates a pro-tolerogenic tumor microenvironment. Increasing HDL levels protects against tumor development by inhibiting the positive feedback loop between growth factor signaling and cholesterol efflux pathways. Cholesterol removal therapy using cyclodextrin reduces tumor burden by suppressing the proliferation and expansion of tumor progenitor cells.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laurent Yvan-Charvet, Edward Benjamin Thorp
Summary: Glycolysis fuels inflammatory response in macrophages and produces pyruvate. However, a study in Nature Metabolism by Ran et al. shows that transporting pyruvate to the mitochondria for Krebs cycle is not necessary for inflammation.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Emma Guilbaud, Takahiro Yamazaki, Lorenzo Galluzzi
Summary: When used in specific doses and schedules, focal radiotherapy can induce a systemic immune response against cancer that limits the growth of tumors in non-irradiated areas. Recent data indicate that intratumoral macrophages can be educated by blocking CD47 to promote an 'abscopal' response independent of CD8(+) T cells.
Review
Immunology
Saverio Marchi, Emma Guilbaud, Stephen W. G. Tait, Takahiro Yamazaki, Lorenzo Galluzzi
Summary: This article discusses the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondrial dysfunction leads to inflammatory reactions, the cellular pathways that regulate them, and the pathological consequences of dysregulated inflammatory responses elicited by mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Thierry Huby, Emmanuel L. Gautier
Summary: NASH is a serious chronic liver disorder with increasing prevalence globally. Metabolic disturbance and the role of immune cells are crucial in its onset and progression. Understanding the mechanisms by which immune cells contribute to NASH pathogenesis is essential for the development of innovative drugs targeting NASH.
NATURE REVIEWS IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)