Article
Food Science & Technology
Silke L. Pittrof, Larissa Kaufhold, Anja Fischer, Daniel Wefers
Summary: This study comparatively investigated the product patterns obtained from the incubation of linear as well as O3- and O4-branched dextrans with different dextranases, aiming to understand the differences in their hydrolysis products.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Hylenne Bojorges, Amparo Lopez-Rubio, Maria Jose Fabra, Antonio Martinez-Abad
Summary: This study applied acid methanolysis and separation by anion exchange chromatography to determine the alginate content and M/G ratio. The results showed that methanolysis could be used to estimate the purity and M/G ratio of alginate-rich samples accurately in a single analysis.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zerun Li, Yang Liu, Yanhong Huang, Jianjun Liu, Yanjun Tian, Shanshan Wang, Ping Sun, Yupeng Nie, Shaobo Gan, Hui Xu
Summary: This study presents a novel method for producing high-quality resistant glucan by investigating its structural mechanism of indigestibility. High-pressure processing effectively eliminated crystal peaks and enhanced the efficiency of digestive enzymes. The presence of alpha-1,6 and 8 -linkages in resistant glucans hindered the hydrolysis of short chains, resulting in higher indigestibility.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Viviane O. Almeida, Maria C. B. Di-Medeiros, Karla A. Batista, Moemy G. Moraes, Katia F. Fernandes
Summary: The study evaluated the starches from underground stems of Trimezia Pont-Vona under different environmental conditions. Results showed that the starch properties varied with phenological status, with changes in yield, amylose content, DP values, and crystallinity. The adaptive strategies involving morphological and physicochemical properties of starch granules in response to drought stress and sprouting were observed in T. juncifolia underground stems.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
James Eills, Roman Picazo-Frutos, Oksana Bondar, Eleonora Cavallari, Carla Carrera, Sylwia J. Barker, Marcel Utz, Alba Herrero-Gomez, Irene Marco-Rius, Michael C. D. Tayler, Silvio Aime, Francesca Reineri, Dmitry Budker, John W. Blanchard
Summary: We demonstrate that enzyme-catalyzed reactions can be observed in zero- and low-field NMR experiments by combining recent advances in parahydrogen-based hyperpolarization methods with state-of-the-art magnetometry. The use of zero- to ultralow-field (ZULF) NMR provides advantages in process monitoring and has applications beyond hydrogenation reactions. The study investigated two model biological processes and constructed a microfluidic zero-field NMR setup.
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Monique M. Strieder, Henrique S. Arruda, Glaucia M. Pastore, Eric Keven Silva
Summary: This study investigated the chemical and physical stability of inulin under high-energy processing conditions. The results showed that inulin maintained its molecular integrity and technological feasibility.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiu Qin, Guanhua Ma, Liping Liu, Jie Feng, Shuai Zhou, Wei Han, Jing Zhou, Yanfang Liu, Jingsong Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the microwave-assisted degradation of beta-(1 -> 3,1 -> 6)-D-glucan from Ganoderma lucidum and its immunoregulatory activities. The degradation process yielded a high rate of degradation and abundant beta-oligosaccharide products with different degrees of polymerization. The immunoregulation activity of these beta-glucooligosaccharides was correlated with their degrees of polymerization and the ratios of beta-(1 -> 3) to beta-(1 -> 6)-linked glucose units.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Xiao-Hui Yan, Xue-Qing Liu, Jun Liang, Hai-Xue Kuang, Yong-Gang Xia
Summary: In this study, a concise and direct method for quantitatively analyzing monosaccharide compositions of plant polysaccharides was developed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed-amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD) and a single marker approach (QAMS). The HPAEC-PAD-QAMS method was successfully applied to determine the monosaccharide contents of polysaccharides from Panax quinquefolium and Achyranthes bidentata, and a fingerprinting analysis of Panax quinquefolium polysaccharides was established using HPAEC-PAD.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lea Fermont, Nicolas Szydlowski, Christophe Colleoni
Summary: Glycogen is a branched polysaccharide composed of glucose units and serves as a storage molecule in cells. The Fluorophore-Assisted Carbohydrate Electrophoresis (FACE) method has been developed to analyze the fine structure of glycogen particles.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Alexandra Kremmyda, William MacNaughtan, Dimitris Arapoglou, Christos Eliopoulos, Maria Metafa, Stephen E. Harding, Cleanthes Israilides
Summary: The study focused on distinguishing beta-D-glucans from other carbohydrates in natural products, as well as determining glucan content and structural information through CP/MAS NMR spectra. Spectral peak fitting in the anomeric carbon C1 region revealed the possibility of clear distinction between beta-D-glucans and other carbohydrates, particularly in hydrated samples with enhanced resolution. Contamination by other carbohydrates and buffer salts was also discussed.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Joana Pico, Natalia P. Vidal, Listiya Widjaja, Louis Falardeau, Lionel Albino, Mario M. Martinez
Summary: The quantification of alpha-Galacto-oligosaccharides in beans has been approached through different methodologies, but with reported contents showing up to 8-times disparity. This study aimed to optimize and validate the extraction of the most abundant GOS found in beans and comparatively assess their determination by HPAEC/PAD and GC/MS. GC/MS determination was found to be more reliable than HPAEC/PAD, and stachyose was identified as the main GOS component in all samples.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olimpia Pitirollo, Maria Grimaldi, Claudio Corradini, Serena Pironi, Antonella Cavazza
Summary: This study aims to investigate the technological parameters that can influence the FODMAPs pattern in bakery products. High-performance anion exchange chromatography coupled to a pulsed amperometric detector was used for carbohydrate evaluation analysis. The results indicate that low-FODMAP crackers can be prepared by selecting appropriate fermentation conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Owen B. Becette, John P. Marino, Robert G. Brinson
Summary: In this article, we present 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy methods that can provide high-resolution structural fingerprints of ASOs. The 1D H-1 and P-31 measurements can rapidly assess the integrity of ASOs, while the 2D H-1-H-1, H-1-C-13, and H-1-(15)N experiments enable resonance assignment and tracking of structural changes at high-resolution during drug development and manufacturing processes. These NMR approaches are expected to be applicable to fully formulated ASO therapeutics beyond PMOs.
PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ruth E. Marquez-Lopez, Patricia Araceli Santiago-Garcia, Mercedes G. Lopez
Summary: In this study, the morphological diversity, carbohydrate composition, and fructan fluctuation during plant development were examined in two important Agave species, Agave angustifolia and Agave potatorum, in Mexico. The results showed morphological divergence and differences in carbohydrate composition between the two species.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anneke Prins, Peter Shewry, Alison Lovegrove
Summary: β-glucan is a dietary fiber component in wheat that has health benefits related to its structure and solubility. This study quantified β-glucan in different wheat milling fractions, revealing low content in the white flour fractions and higher amounts in bran-containing fractions. It was also found that a higher proportion of β-glucan in white flour was soluble compared to bran. The study concludes that while total β-glucan content in white flour is low, it is highly soluble, and high extraction and wholemeal flours have the potential to be a significant source of β-glucan.
JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Christoph S. Hundschell, Andre Braun, Daniel Wefers, Rudi F. Vogel, Frank Jakob
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Carsten Nachtigall, Georg Surber, Frauke Herbi, Daniel Wefers, Doris Jaros, Harald Rohm
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonas Schmid, Daniel Wefers, Rudi F. Vogel, Frank Jakob
Summary: This study investigated the structural and functional differences of dextrans produced at different pH values and conditions using dextransucrase released by L. hordeiTMW 1.1822. It was found that pH and molecular weight significantly influenced the rheological properties of dextrans. Pre-culture conditions and the addition of maltose also played roles in affecting the production and types of dextrans.
APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Georg Surber, Carolin Schaeper, Daniel Wefers, Harald Rohm, Doris Jaros
Summary: This study investigated the functionality of two Lactococcus lactis strains producing exopolysaccharide (EPS) in concentrated acid milk gels, and found that the ropy and cell-bound EPS from strain LL-1+ contributed to higher gel stiffness and improved serum retention, resulting in a more 'creamy' texture in the gel suspensions compared to non-ropy EPS from strain LL-2. The structural analysis revealed that the higher hydrodynamic radius of the ropy EPS from LL-1+ was responsible for these features, indicating the potential for the manufacture of low-fat fresh cheese with tailored functionality.
INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gabriel V. Pereira, Ahmed M. Abdel-Hamid, Soumajit Dutta, Corina N. D'Alessandro-Gabazza, Daniel Wefers, Jacob A. Farris, Shiv Bajaj, Zdzislaw Wawrzak, Haruyuki Atomi, Roderick I. Mackie, Esteban C. Gabazza, Diwakar Shukla, Nicole M. Koropatkin, Isaac Cann
Summary: This study reveals that human gut bacteria are capable of degrading arabinoxylans, a type of dietary fiber. Some Bacteroidetes bacteria encode esterases for breaking down complex arabinoxylans with ferulic acid side chains, releasing the antioxidant and immunomodulatory compound ferulic acid.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Silke L. Pittrof, Larissa Kaufhold, Anja Fischer, Daniel Wefers
Summary: This study comparatively investigated the product patterns obtained from the incubation of linear as well as O3- and O4-branched dextrans with different dextranases, aiming to understand the differences in their hydrolysis products.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Julia Bechtner, Verena Hassler, Daniel Wefers, Rudi F. Vogel, Frank Jakob
Summary: Studies have shown that environmental pH and the presence of sucrose can impact the release and activity of extracellular dextransucrases, with sucrose significantly increasing dextransucrase activity. Additionally, after sucrose depletion, longer and more branched dextran molecules can still be produced from pre-synthesized IMOs.
ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bercem Kiran-Yildirim, Julia Hale, Daniel Wefers, Volker Gaukel
Summary: In this study, the structural composition of commercial kappa (kappa)-, iota (iota)-, lambda (lambda)-carrageenans was examined using H-1 NMR spectroscopy, and the IRI activity of these different carrageenan samples was investigated in sucrose solution. The results revealed that the IRI activities varied among different carrageenan suppliers, which may be attributed to structural and possibly other compositional differences.
JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
B. Bindereif, H. Eichhoefer, M. Bunzel, H. P. Karbstein, D. Wefers, U. S. van Der Schaaf
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between molecular structure and emulsifying properties of acid-extracted sugar beet pectins. The neutral sugar side chain proportion showed a linear correlation with droplet sizes, while galactose content had negligible influence and branched arabinan content positively affected emulsification.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Rami M. Althnaibat, Mandy Koch, Heather L. Bruce, Daniel Wefers, Michael G. Gaenzle
Summary: This study compared the anti-adhesive activities of glycomacropeptide (GMP) from camels with that of bovine GMP against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). GMP from camels had higher monosaccharide content and showed more effective inhibition of ETEC adhesion compared to bovine GMP.
INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Luise Ernst, Annemarie Werner, Daniel Wefers
Summary: Homoexopolysaccharides (HoEPS) like alpha-glucans and beta-fructans are synthesized by certain types of bacteria. Methylation analysis is an important tool for studying the structure of these polysaccharides, but the conditions for analysis need to be adjusted for different types of HoEPS. Ultrasonication is crucial for swelling and deprotonation of water insoluble alpha-glucans, while water soluble HoEPS do not require ultrasonication. Acid hydrolysis conditions also differ for different HoEPS. Overall, our results demonstrate the need for customized conditions in methylation analysis of bacterial HoEPS.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Hendrik Eichhoefer, Benjamin Bindereif, Heike Petra Karbstein, Mirko Bunzel, Ulrike Sabine van der Schaaf, Daniel Wefers
Summary: Sugar beet pectins (SBPs) are known for their emulsifying properties, and the arabinose content has a decisive influence on their functionality. In this study, the molecular structure and emulsifying properties of selectively modified SBPs were analyzed. The results showed that both higher portions and chain lengths of arabinans positively influence the emulsifying properties of SBPs.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Carsten Nachtigall, Georg Surber, Daniel Wefers, Cordula Vogel, Harald Rohm, Doris Jaros
Summary: This study aims to analyze the individual contribution of isolated free exopolysaccharides (fEPS) and cell-attached capsular exopolysaccharides (cEPS) from two S. thermophilus strains to the techno-functional properties of fermented milk. The results show that ST-1G EPS has a higher moisture content and slower moisture desorption compared to ST-2E EPS, contributing to reduced syneresis in fermented milk. On the other hand, ST-2E EPS has higher gel viscosity due to its higher intrinsic viscosity and molecular mass of ropy fEPS.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carsten Nachtigall, Verena Hassler, Daniel Wefers, Harald Rohm, Doris Jaros
Summary: The study focuses on the techno-functionality of five dextrans from W. cibaria DSM14295, which were produced under different cultivation conditions. The dextrans differ in molecular mass, intrinsic viscosity, degree of branching, side chain length, and architecture. The stiffness of acid gels spiked with these dextrans increased linearly with dextran concentration. Dextrans from W. cibaria DSM14295 have a high potential due to their high production yield and ability to be tailored by fermentation conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Julia Bechtner, Verena Hassler, Daniel Wefers, Matthias Ehrmann, Frank Jakob
Summary: This study investigated the differences in dextransucrases from water kefir borne Lactobacillus strains and found that variations in the enzyme structure or concentration can impact the particle size of formed polysaccharides, while the structural architecture of the dextrans is mainly influenced by differences in the amino acid sequence.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Xingran Kou, Dongdong Su, Fei Pan, Xiwei Xu, Qingran Meng, Qinfei Ke
Summary: This review provides a systematic discussion of the application of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in aroma compounds (ACs)/cyclodextrins (CDs) inclusion complexes (ICs). It covers the establishment of the simulation process, parameter selection, model evaluation, and various application cases, summarizing the major achievements and challenges of this method.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Haoyu Yu, Quanbin Zhang, Ammad Ahmad Farooqi, Jing Wang, Yang Yue, Lihua Geng, Ning Wu
Summary: Brown algae are rich in fucoidan, which has been found to have anti-cancer and anti-metastasis effects. Fucoidan inhibits tumor cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis, and also promotes immune responses in the tumor microenvironment.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Liang Dong, Yanan Li, Hailin Cong, Bing Yu, Youqing Shen
Summary: Gene therapy is a revolutionary treatment that requires suitable vectors for protecting and releasing exogenous nucleic acids in target cells. Chitosan, as a non-viral vector, has gained attention due to its good biocompatibility and ability to load large amounts of nucleic acids. This paper summarizes the potential of chitosan and its derivatives as gene delivery vector materials, discusses factors influencing transfection efficiency, performance evaluation, ways to optimize infectious efficiency, and current research development directions. It also provides an outlook on the future prospects of chitosan.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ana Iglesias-Mejuto, Beatriz Magarinos, Tania Ferreira-Goncalves, Ricardo Starbird-Perez, Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo, Catarina Pinto Reis, Ines Ardao, Carlos A. Garcia-Gonzalez
Summary: This study developed a novel processing strategy to manufacture drug-loaded and personalized aerogels with nanostructures. The aerogels demonstrated bioactivity and antimicrobial effects, promoting bone regeneration and preventing infections in bone tissue engineering.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhenxu Shi, Dimei Yang, Yan Zhou, Xinyu Chen, Lin Gan, Jin Huang
Summary: This study proposes a micro-assembly method to improve the photoluminescent properties of crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) by organizing them within a sub-micrometer-sized metal-organic framework and coating with TiO2. The TiO2 coating prevents CNC assembly breakdown and allows information to be revealed using screenprinted labels for anti-counterfeiting purposes.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xuejiao Liu, Bin Fu, Jierong Chen, Zhenyu Sun, Dongdong Zheng, Zhonghua Li, Bing Gu, Ying Zhang, Haojie Lu
Summary: Liver disease is a major cause of global mortality, and identifying biomarkers for diagnosing its progression is crucial for improving outcomes. Targeted mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for verifying biomarker candidates and clinical applications, particularly for glycoproteins translation. However, the limitation of analyzing only one sample per run has become apparent. In this study, a high-throughput intact N-glycopeptides quantification strategy was developed, allowing the validation of 20 samples per run with an average analysis time of 3 minutes per sample. The strategy was applied in a cohort of 461 serum samples and identified a panel of 10 IgG N-glycopeptides that have strong clinical utility in evaluating the severity of liver disease.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qian Wang, Hao Jiang, Hongli Zhang, Weiqiao Lu, Xiao Wang, Wenfeng Xu, Jia Li, Youjing Lv, Guoyun Li, Chao Cai, Guangli Yu
Summary: This study proposes a novel strategy of antibody-beta-glucan conjugates (AGC) to enhance the antitumor immune response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. AGC demonstrated powerful tumor suppression and promoted interaction between tumor cells and dendritic cells (DCs), thereby enhancing immunotherapeutic benefits.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Chaeyeon Lee, Sojeong Lee, Sang Wook Kang
Summary: The study aims to enhance the properties of porous membranes by addressing the limitations associated with phase separation. By using cellulose acetate and citric acid, the researchers were able to fabricate membranes with improved mechanical strength and thermal stability. The cross-linking effect of citric acid resulted in a more uniform pore structure and higher porosity.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Tejaswini Kolipaka, Giriraj Pandey, Noella Abraham, Dadi A. Srinivasarao, Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi, P. S. Rajinikanth, Vidya Tickoo, Saurabh Srivastava
Summary: This review focuses on the design and application of polysaccharide-based hydrogel wound dressings, highlighting aspects such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, drug entrapment, moisturizing ability, swelling, and mechanical properties. Additionally, various crosslinking methods and recent developments in stimuli-responsive hydrogels are discussed.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Anqi Xu, Nan Zhang, Shixing Su, Hongyu Shi, Daoqiang Lu, Xifeng Li, Xin Zhang, Xin Feng, Zhuohua Wen, Gengwu Ma, Mengshi Huang, Chi Huang, Yuqi Hu, Hao Yuan, Qinwen Liu, Daogang Guan, Jun Wang, Chuanzhi Duan
Summary: The study presents a one-pot radical polymerization method to fabricate a hydrogel with adhesive properties, which can effectively treat bacterial-infected diabetic wounds and accelerate wound healing.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Montarop Yamabhai, Munthipha Khamphio, Thae Thae Min, Chai Noy Soem, Nguyen Cao Cuong, Waheni Rizki Aprilia, Krisanai Luesukprasert, Karsidete Teeranitayatarn, Atthaphon Maneedaeng, Tina R. Tuveng, Silje B. Lorentzen, Simen Antonsen, Paiboon Jitprasertwong, Vincent G. H. Eijsink
Summary: The study investigates the bioconversion of chitosan into soluble anti-inflammatory chitosan oligosaccharides (CHOS) using an enzyme. The results show that the generated CHOS have anti-inflammatory activity, but the magnitude of the activity depends on the substrate and production process. Different methods of dissolving chitosan also affect the properties of CHOS. The study highlights the importance of quality assurance in CHOS preparations.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Wen Cao, Jiangping Wu, Xinya Zhao, Zixu Li, Jie Yu, Taili Shao, Xuefeng Hou, Lutan Zhou, Chunfei Wang, Guodong Wang, Jun Han
Summary: In this study, a water-soluble polysaccharide (PLP1) was successfully isolated and purified from Pueraria lobata. It was found that PLP1 was composed of specific glycosidic units and exhibited a better free radical-scavenging ability. Moreover, PLP1 effectively protected the liver against acute alcoholic liver disease (ALD) in mice.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ya Su, Yaqian Liu, Xueyan Hu, Yueqi Lu, Jinyuan Zhang, Wenbo Jin, Wang Liu, Yan Shu, Yuen Yee Cheng, Wenfang Li, Yi Nie, Bo Pan, Kedong Song
Summary: A 3D printed scaffold based on carbon dots-curcumin nano-drug release has been developed for drug delivery after breast cancer surgery. The scaffold showed effective inhibition of tumor growth, antibacterial activity, and promotion of wound healing, making it a promising approach for preventing tumor recurrence.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ekaterina Sokolova, Diane Jouanneau, Antonin Chevenier, Murielle Jam, Nathalie Desban, Pierre Colas, Elizabeth Ficko-Blean, Gurvan Michel
Summary: Carrageenans, a compound synthesized in red algae, have various biological properties and are valuable in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Their fine structure affects wound healing, oxidative processes, hemostasis, and inflammation. Enzymatic modification of carrageenans produces oligosaccharides that bind to natural human serum antibodies and specific antibodies, showing potential for therapeutic applications.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yan Shi, Miao Yu, Kaijin Qiu, Tiantian Kong, Chunjing Guo, Wenxue Zhang, Daquan Chen, Ming Kong
Summary: In this study, functionalized transfersomes were developed to co-deliver doxorubicin and 1MT towards primary tumors and tumor draining lymph nodes via transdermal administration using microneedles. The results showed that the nano-complexed microneedles exhibited a stronger suppression in tumor growth compared to the intravenous group.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
