Article
Clinical Neurology
Ludovica Iovino, Veronica Giusti, Francesca Pischedda, Elena Giusto, Nicoletta Plotegher, Antonella Marte, Ilaria Battisti, Angela Di Iacovo, Algerta Marku, Giovanni Piccoli, Rina Bandopadhyay, Carla Perego, Tiziana Bonifacino, Giambattista Bonanno, Cristina Roseti, Elena Bossi, Giorgio Arrigoni, Luigi Bubacco, Elisa Greggio, Sabine Hilfiker, Laura Civiero
Summary: This study demonstrates that the pathogenic variant G2019S of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) impairs the function of Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 2 (EAAT2), resulting in glutamate overload in the brain, which may contribute to neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD).
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Linn Streubel-Gallasch, Veronica Giusti, Michele Sandre, Isabella Tessari, Nicoletta Plotegher, Elena Giusto, Anna Masato, Ludovica Iovino, Ilaria Battisti, Giorgio Arrigoni, Derya Shimshek, Elisa Greggio, Marie-Eve Tremblay, Luigi Bubacco, Anna Erlandsson, Laura Civiero
Summary: This study compared the ability of astrocytes carrying PD-linked gene mutations with normal astrocytes in handling α-synuclein, finding a decreased clearance capacity in mutant cells linked to a loss of function in AnxA2.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ghalya H. Banafea, Sherin Bakhashab, Huda F. Alshaibi, Peter Natesan Pushparaj, Mahmood Rasool
Summary: Mast cells play a crucial role in inflammatory diseases of the airway tract, releasing various mediators that contribute to immune cell accumulation and tissue remodeling.
Article
Developmental Biology
Maria Micaela Sartoretti, Carla A. Campetella, Guillermo M. Lanuza
Summary: This study demonstrates that a restricted pool of progenitors in the mouse spinal cord produces a subset of astrocytes with extraordinary precision. The progenitor transcriptional programs highly influence glial fate and are instrumental in creating astrocyte diversity.
Article
Cell Biology
Malin Parmar, Anders Bjorklund, Tomas Bjorklund
Summary: Recent advances in cell reprogramming have made it possible to form new therapeutic cells within the body itself via a process called direct conversion or lineage reprogramming. These studies have shown the potential of reprogramming resident glia into new neurons within the brain parenchyma, paving the way for targeted attempts at functional brain repair using in vivo conversion. Parkinson's Disease is an attractive target for both transplantation-based and in vivo conversion-based reparative approaches due to its relatively focal degeneration.
CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Vered Kellner, Calvin J. Kersbergen, Sally Li, Travis A. Babola, Gesine Saher, Dwight E. Bergles
Summary: Astrocytes play a crucial role in the development of neural circuits, positioning transporters and receptors near synapses to promote synaptic maturation. In neonatal mice, bursts of neuronal activity passing through sound processing networks reliably induced calcium transients in astrocytes, which were dependent on intense neuronal activity and restricted to regions near active synapses. The astrocyte responses were limited to the pre-hearing period and induced by the synergistic activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors mGluR5 and mGluR3.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Caiying Liu, Wan Sun, Tong Zhu, Si Shi, Jieping Zhang, Juan Wang, Furong Gao, Qingjian Ou, Caixia Jin, Jiao Li, Jing-Ying Xu, Jingfa Zhang, Haibin Tian, Guo-Tong Xu, Lixia Lu
Summary: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness, and timely prevention and treatment are crucial. This study found that the neurodegenerative factor GMFB is upregulated in the early stages of diabetes and plays a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. In a high glucose environment, GMFB secretion in the vitreous affects lysosome function, autophagy, and ferroptosis, leading to abnormalities in the degradation process and the accumulation of lethal lipid species in the retinal pigment epithelial cells. Targeting GMFB and related pathways could be a new therapeutic strategy for DR.
Article
Neurosciences
Tong Zhu, Yingao Li, Lilin Zhu, Jinyuan Xu, Zijun Feng, Hao Chen, Si Shi, Caiying Liu, Qingjian Ou, Furong Gao, Jieping Zhang, Caixia Jin, Jingying Xu, Jiao Li, Jingfa Zhang, Yanlong Bi, Guo-tong Xu, Juan Wang, Haibin Tian, Lixia Lu
Summary: This study identified GMFB as a sensitive and functional gliosis marker for diabetic retinal degeneration. Knockout of Gmfb improved visual function, attenuated gliosis, and reduced apoptosis in diabetic retinas. RNA sequencing analysis revealed the involvement of TGF-beta 3 in the protective effect of Gmfb knockout. The study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for treating retinal degeneration in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Pier Giorgio Puzzovio, Thayse R. Brueggemann, Hadas Pahima, David Mankuta, Bruce D. Levy, Francesca Levi-Schaffer
Summary: The study found that Cromolyn Sodium has immunomodulatory actions in allergic inflammation that go beyond just stabilizing mast cells, indicating broader mechanisms at play.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Donna L. Gruol
Summary: This article introduces the cellular and molecular components of the brain immune system and its role in the cerebellum. The immune functions of glial cells are crucial for maintaining brain health and promoting repair.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hye Min Kim, Min Kook Kang, Se Yoon Seong, Jun Hyeon Jo, Min Ju Kim, Eun Kyeong Shin, Chang Geun Lee, Seung Jin Han
Summary: All eukaryotic cells, including oocytes, use cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) as an engine to drive the cell cycle. The key regulator of the oocyte cell cycle is the Cdk1-cyclin B1 complex. Recent studies have discovered the roles of other cyclins in mouse oocyte cell cycle regulation, as well as the translation and degradation of cyclins to modulate Cdk activity. This review provides new insights into the regulatory role and function of cyclins in oocyte cell cycle progression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Ke-Lu Li, Hong-Yan Huang, Hui Ren, Xing-Long Yang
Summary: Inflammatory responses involving glial cell activation and immune cell infiltration play a role in Parkinson's disease. Exosomes, as extracellular vesicles, are closely related to these responses. This review focuses on the roles of exosomes in PD-associated inflammation, highlighting their ability to transport toxic alpha-synuclein and trigger neuron-glia communication.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Honghu Li, Qian Luo, Shuyang Cai, Ruxiu Tie, Ye Meng, Wei Shan, Yulin Xu, Xiangjun Zeng, Pengxu Qian, He Huang
Summary: Gmfg plays a crucial role in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) development. It is regulated by blood flow and modulates HSPC maintenance through YAP and Notch signaling pathways.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Murad Al-Nusaif, Yushan Lin, Tianbai Li, Cheng Cheng, Weidong Le
Summary: Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of Parkinson's disease, leading to the death of dopaminergic neurons. Inflammatory response, production of inflammatory mediators, and activation of immune cells are hallmarks of this neuroinflammatory process. Nuclear receptor-related transcription factor 1 (NURR1) plays a key role in the development and maintenance of dopaminergic neurons, and its agonists have been shown to reverse abnormalities in animal models of Parkinson's disease.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kyoji Ohyama, Hiroshi M. Shinohara, Shoichiro Omura, Tomomi Kawachi, Toru Sato, Keiko Toda
Summary: In the mouse dentate gyrus, a specific subpopulation of neural progenitors and radial glia-like cells can be marked by the expression of PSmad3. PSmad3+ cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) are predominantly quiescent from P14 onwards, while PSmad3+/GFP+ astrocytes co-express Olig2 and S100 beta.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Duraisamy Kempuraj, Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed, Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar, Ramasamy Thangavel, Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Smita A. Zaheer, Shankar S. Iyer, Casey Burton, Donald James, Asgar Zaheer
CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Ramasamy Thangavel, Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed, Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar, Duraisamy Kempuraj, Kristopher Wu, Osaid Khan, Kieran Bazley, Bret Bussinger, Klaudia Kukulka, Smita Zaheer, Shankar S. Iyer, Raghav Govindarajan, Casey Burton, Donald James, Asgar Zaheer
Summary: Understanding the activation of NF kappa B signaling post-TBI is crucial for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Real-time noninvasive bioluminescence molecular imaging allows rapid and precise monitoring of TBI-induced NF kappa B signaling activation.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed, Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar, Ramasamy Thangavel, Duraisamy Kempuraj, Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Smita Zaheer, Shankar Iyer, Asgar Zaheer
Summary: The study demonstrates that immune checkpoint blockade of GMF function with anti-GMF antibody can effectively reduce neuroinflammation and attenuate amyloid pathology in the cortex and hippocampal CA1 region of 5XFAD mouse brain. It also suggests that pharmacological immune neutralization of GMF could be a promising neuroprotective strategy for targeting neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Duraisamy Kempuraj, Ramasamy Thangavel, Deepak D. Kempuraj, Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed, Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar, Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Smita A. Zaheer, Shankar S. Iyer, Raghav Govindarajan, Premkumar Nattanmai Chandrasekaran, Asgar Zaheer
Summary: Neuroinflammation caused by neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases can lead to cognitive decline and chronic inflammation. Luteolin, a natural polyphenol found in plants, shows neuroprotective effects by suppressing immune cell activation and inflammatory mediators, reducing neuroinflammation and severity of diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and TBI.
Article
Neurosciences
Duraisamy Kempuraj, Mohammad Ejaz Ahmed, Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar, Ramasamy Thangavel, Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Smita A. Zaheer, Shankar S. Iyer, Raghav Govindarajan, Premkumar Nattanmai Chandrasekaran, Casey Burton, Donald James, Asgar Zaheer
Summary: Acute traumatic brain injury leads to neuroinflammation and neurovascular alterations, including blood-brain barrier disruption, which can be effectively inhibited by the administration of the mast cell stabilizer drug cromolyn.
NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ruchira M. Jha, Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Sandra Mihaljevic, Amanda M. Casabella, Joshua S. Catapano, Anupama Rani, Shashvat Desai, Volodymyr Gerzanich, J. Marc Simard
Summary: Cerebral edema is a significant factor in brain injury mortality and disability. Current treatments are limited, prompting the development of targeted therapies based on a growing understanding of the molecular mechanisms. Promising molecular targets, including ion and water channels and proteins/lipids involved in edema signaling pathways, are being investigated for their potential to reduce cerebral edema and improve clinical outcomes.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruchira M. Jha, Anupama Rani, Shashvat M. Desai, Sudhanshu Raikwar, Sandra Mihaljevic, Amanda Munoz-Casabella, Patrick M. Kochanek, Joshua Catapano, Ethan Winkler, Giuseppe Citerio, J. Claude Hemphill, W. Taylor Kimberly, Raj Narayan, Juan Sahuquillo, Kevin N. Sheth, J. Marc Simard
Summary: SUR1, a member of the ABC protein superfamily, is a key mediator of CNS cellular swelling through the TRPM4 channel. Inhibition of SUR1-TRPM4 pathway has shown promising results in reducing cerebral edema and hemorrhage across a range of CNS diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Suneel Gupta, K. Michael Fink, Duraisamy Kempuraj, R. Nishant Sinha, M. Lynn Martin, M. Landon Keele, R. Prashant Sinha, A. Elizabeth Giuliano, P. Nathan Hesemann, P. Sudhanshu Raikwar, S. Shyam Chaurasia, R. Rajiv Mohan
Summary: This study evaluated the potential of AAV5-mediated Id3 gene therapy to treat corneal scarring. The results showed that AAV5-Id3 gene therapy significantly inhibited corneal fibrosis/haze and reduced the expression levels of related proteins and genes. This anti-fibrotic activity was achieved by reducing the formation of myofibroblasts.
Correction
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Suneel Gupta, Michael K. Fink, Duraisamy Kempuraj, Nishant R. Sinha, Lynn M. Martin, Landon M. Keele, Prashant R. Sinha, Elizabeth A. Giuliano, Nathan P. Hesemann, Sudhanshu P. Raikwar, Shyam S. Chaurasia, Rajiv R. Mohan
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anant Naik, Olufunmilola Adeleye, Stefan W. Koester, Ethan A. Winkler, Joelle N. Hartke, Katherine Karahalios, Sandra Mihaljevic, Anupama Rani, Sudhanshu Raikwar, Jarrod D. Rulney, Shashvat M. Desai, Lea Scherschinski, Andrew F. Ducruet, Felipe C. Albuquerque, Michael T. Lawton, Joshua S. Catapano, Ashutosh P. Jadhav, Ruchira M. Jha
Summary: Despite the high incidence and burden of stroke, biological biomarkers are not routinely used for diagnosing, determining progression, or predicting outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shows potential as a valuable source for biomarker development due to its direct interface with neural tissue. This systematic review identified 21 biomarkers and other multiomic proteomic markers, including S100B, inflammatory markers, and free fatty acids, that have been studied frequently. CSF has been shown to be an effective medium for acquiring biomarkers for AIS, although more large-scale trials studying the efficacy of biomarkers in altering clinical management are still needed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Critical Care Medicine
Benjamin Zusman, Yijen Wu, J. Marc Simard, Vincent Vagni, Keri Janesko-Feldman, Anupama Rani, Sudhanshu Raikwar, Shashvat Desai, Patrick Kochanek, Ruchira Jha
JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA
(2021)