Review
Microbiology
Huilin Yu, Junhui Zhang, Yixuan Chen, Jiajin Zhu
Summary: This review focuses on the characteristics, incidence, and detection of Zearalenone (ZEA) and its masked forms in cereals and cereal-based products. The co-contamination of ZEA and masked ZEA has received little attention, but may have adverse effects on public health and trade. Understanding the fate of ZEA and masked ZEA during cereal-based food processing can help minimize market and trade ramifications. In the future, revising the legislative limits of masked ZEA may be challenging.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Panagiotis D. Tassis, Nicole Reisinger, Veronika Nagl, Eleni Tzika, Dian Schatzmayr, Nikolaos Mittas, Athina Basioura, Ilias Michos, Ioannis A. Tsakmakidis
Summary: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) have negative effects on boar fertility. Modified forms of DON and ZEN, such as de-epoxy-DON (DOM-1) and hydrolyzed ZEN (HZEN), have less impact on swine reproduction. In vitro experiments showed that DON negatively affected specific parameters of boar semen, while DOM-1 had no harmful effects. ZEN, on the other hand, affected almost all parameters and decreased viable spermatozoa while increasing abnormal spermatozoa.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Tim Birr, Tolke Jensen, Nils Preusske, Frank D. Sonnichsen, Marthe De Boevre, Sarah De Saeger, Mario Hasler, Joseph-Alexander Verreet, Holger Klink
Summary: The study found that forage maize in Northern Germany is often contaminated by multiple Fusarium mycotoxins, with high levels of DON and ZEN and the presence of their modified forms. The results demonstrate the significant contribution of modified mycotoxins to overall mycotoxin contamination in forage maize, highlighting the importance of including analysis of modified mycotoxins in future monitoring programs.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Hongwen Xu, Liangzhe Wang, Jiadi Sun, Liping Wang, Hongyan Guo, Yongli Ye, Xiulan Sun
Summary: Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by fungi in food or feed that can be toxic to both humans and animals. Traditional methods for detoxification have limitations, leading to an urgent need for new technologies to effectively control mycotoxins. Microbial detoxification technology has been widely used in recent years due to its high efficiency, low toxicity, and strong specificity.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Yingfeng Li, Huihui Gao, Ru Wang, Qing Xu
Summary: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin that contaminates animal feed and crops worldwide. Physical and chemical treatment of DON may affect food's nutrients, safety, and palatability. Biological detoxification methods based on microbial strains or enzymes have the advantages of high specificity, efficiency, and no secondary pollution. This review comprehensively summarizes recently developed strategies for DON detoxification and classifies their mechanisms, while also addressing remaining challenges and suggesting research directions.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gabriela L. Biscoto, Lauranne A. Salvato, Erika R. Alvarenga, Raul R. S. Dias, Guilherme R. G. Pinheiro, Mariana P. Rodrigues, Priscila N. Pinto, Rossimiriam P. Freitas, Kelly M. Keller
Summary: Mycotoxin contamination in cattle feed and feed ingredients is common in Brazil, although most samples do not exceed the lowest European Union guidance values and pose a low risk to animals. However, co-occurrence of multiple mycotoxins is widely observed, which may lead to interactions.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yating Wang, Jiefeng Li, Xu Wang, Wenda Wu, Eugenie Nepovimova, Qinghua Wu, Kamil Kuca
Summary: This review summarizes the major enzymes involved in metabolizing deoxynivalenol (DON) and its modified forms, focusing on the differences in metabolism between individuals and species. The findings provide important insights into the toxicity of DON and its derivatives in humans and animals, and offer a scientific basis for the development of safer and more efficient biological detoxification methods.
DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Valentina Scarpino, Francesca Vanara, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Massimo Blandino
Summary: The study investigated the co-occurrence of various mycotoxins and fungal metabolites in maize food products and their fate during the dry-milling process. It was found that grain cleaning significantly reduced fungal metabolites, with different maize products showing varying levels of contamination.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Krisztina Majer-Baranyi, Nora Adanyi, Andras Szekacs
Summary: The article provides an overview of recent progress in the development of biosensors for the determination of toxic fungal metabolites in cereals and feed, discussing the application of novel biosensitive materials and highly sensitive detection methods. These technologies offer fast, highly selective, and sensitive detection of toxic fungal metabolites with minimal sample treatment and reagents required.
Article
Immunology
Negisa Seyed Toutounchi, Saskia Braber, Belinda Van't Land, Suzan Thijssen, Johan Garssen, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Gert Folkerts, Astrid Hogenkamp
Summary: The study found that perinatal exposure to DON can negatively impact immune development in offspring, leading to enhanced allergic immune response to food allergens in female offspring and decreased immune response to influenza vaccine in male offspring. This suggests that maternal exposure to DON during pregnancy and lactation may have lasting effects on the immune system of offspring.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jose A. Gallardo, Sonia Marin, Antonio J. Ramos, German Cano-Sancho, Vicente Sanchis
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive dietary exposure assessment in Spain, specifically in the Catalonia region, and found that deoxynivalenol (DON) was widely present in cereal-based food consumed in this area. While exposure to DON among adults was low, it exceeded the safety threshold for infants aged 3-9 years. Bread and pasta were identified as the main contributors to DON exposure.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alina Mihalcea, Sonia Amariei
Summary: Crops can be contaminated by fungi producing mycotoxins, with over 400 different mycotoxins described so far. This study evaluates the prevalence of mycotoxins in corn and corn-derived products in Romania. Fumonisins were found to be the most prevalent mycotoxin, while zearalenone had the lowest presence. The levels of these mycotoxins were within the legal limits.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
A. S. Hole, I Rud, S. Sahlstrom, L. Ivanova, G. S. Eriksen, H. H. Divon
Summary: This study determined the levels of mycotoxins in oats at different processing steps and found that heat treatment, such as kilning, steaming, or cooking, efficiently reduces the levels of total DON. The reduction is dependent on the type of processing and previous steps.
WORLD MYCOTOXIN JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Maria-Jose Ibarrola-Rivas, Mishel Unar-Munguia, Thomas Kastner, Sanderine Nonhebel
Summary: This study explores whether Mexico has enough land resources to provide healthy and sustainable diets for its population and suggests changes in the food system and land use. The results indicate that Mexico has sufficient agricultural land to meet the population's needs, but changes in land use, reducing supply chain losses, and increasing crop yields are necessary.
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Abirami Ramu Ganesan, Kannan Mohan, Durairaj Karthick Rajan, Arti A. Pillay, Thavamani Palanisami, Palanivel Sathishkumar, Lorenza Conterno
Summary: Mycotoxins, such as OTA and DON, are widely distributed in food materials and have harmful effects on human health. Improper handling and practices during the production and processing of food can lead to the formation of these mycotoxins. Understanding their distribution, toxicity, and interaction with other contaminants is crucial for ensuring food safety and good agricultural practices.
Article
Toxicology
Lydia Woelflingseder, Benedikt Warth, Immina Vierheilig, Heidi Schwartz-Zimmermann, Christian Hametner, Veronika Nagl, Barbara Novak, Bojan Sarkanj, Franz Berthiller, Gerhard Adam, Doris Marko
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bertrand Grenier, Matthias Hackl, Susanna Skalicky, Michaela Thamhesl, Wulf-Dieter Moll, Roger Berrios, Gerd Schatzmayr, Veronika Nagl
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sebastian Fruhauf, Barbara Novak, Veronika Nagl, Matthias Hackl, Doris Hartinger, Valentina Rainer, Silvia Labudova, Gerhard Adam, Markus Aleschko, Wulf-Dieter Moll, Michaela Thamhesl, Bertrand Grenier
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nicole Reisinger, Sonja Schurer-Waldheim, Elisabeth Mayer, Sandra Debevere, Gunther Antonissen, Michael Sulyok, Veronika Nagl
Article
Food Science & Technology
Panagiotis D. Tassis, Ioannis A. Tsakmakidis, Veronika Nagl, Nicole Reisinger, Eleni Tzika, Christiane Gruber-Dorninger, Ilias Michos, Nikolaos Mittas, Athina Basioura, Dian Schatzmayr
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nicole Reisinger, Caroline Emsenhuber, Barbara Doupovec, Elisabeth Mayer, Gerd Schatzmayr, Veronika Nagl, Bertrand Grenier
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Michael O. Wellington, Michael A. Bosompem, Raelene Petracek, Veronika Nagl, Daniel A. Columbus
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Johan S. Saenz, Alina Kurz, Ursula Ruczizka, Moritz Buenger, Maximiliane Dippel, Veronika Nagl, Bertrand Grenier, Andrea Ladinig, Jana Seifert, Evelyne Selberherr
Summary: Feeding animals with high concentrations of mycotoxins altered the gut microbiome composition, with an increase in Actinobacteria peptides and a decrease in Firmicutes peptides, as well as an increase in proteins associated with ribosomes and pentose-phosphate pathways, and a decrease in glycolysis and other carbohydrate metabolism pathways. Additionally, high levels of mycotoxins increased the abundance of the antioxidant enzyme thioredoxin-dependent peroxiredoxin, leading to disruption in the gut microbiome structure.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maia Segura-Wang, Bertrand Grenier, Suzana Ilic, Ursula Ruczizka, Maximiliane Dippel, Moritz Buenger, Matthias Hackl, Veronika Nagl
Summary: This study investigated the changes in miRNA expression induced by DON in porcine liver, jejunum, and serum. The serum miRNA response to DON increased over time and declined after removal of contaminated diets. Receiver operating curve analyses for individual miRNAs were significant, and a combination of four miRNAs increased the predictive capacity for DON exposure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Veronika Nagl, Bertrand Grenier, Philippe Pinton, Ursula Ruczizka, Maximiliane Dippel, Moritz Buenger, Isabelle P. Oswald, Laura Soler
Summary: This study elucidated the role of Zearalenone (ZEN) as a metabolic disruptor in pigs by investigating changes in energy balance and adipokines levels in response to different treatment diets. Results showed that ZEN impacts lipid and glucose metabolism, with effects varying based on dose and exposure time, leading to alterations in adipokine concentrations.
Article
Mycology
Felipe Penagos-Tabares, Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-ard, Marlene Schmidt, Catia Pacifico, Johannes Faas, Timothy Jenkins, Veronika Nagl, Michael Sulyok, Roman Labuda, Qendrim Zebeli
Summary: This pilot study identified the dominant cultivable fungi in mouldy grass and maize silages from Austria and analyzed their toxin profiles. The study found that the mouldy silages contained various toxic compounds produced by different fungi, which could potentially contaminate cattle diets.
MYCOTOXIN RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Panagiotis D. Tassis, Nicole Reisinger, Veronika Nagl, Eleni Tzika, Dian Schatzmayr, Nikolaos Mittas, Athina Basioura, Ilias Michos, Ioannis A. Tsakmakidis
Summary: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) have negative effects on boar fertility. Modified forms of DON and ZEN, such as de-epoxy-DON (DOM-1) and hydrolyzed ZEN (HZEN), have less impact on swine reproduction. In vitro experiments showed that DON negatively affected specific parameters of boar semen, while DOM-1 had no harmful effects. ZEN, on the other hand, affected almost all parameters and decreased viable spermatozoa while increasing abnormal spermatozoa.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Felipe Penagos-Tabares, Ratchaneewan Khiaosa-ard, Marlene Schmidt, Eva-Maria Bartl, Johanna Kehrer, Veronika Nagl, Johannes Faas, Michael Sulyok, Rudolf Krska, Qendrim Zebeli
Summary: Dairy cows in Austria are commonly exposed to a mixture of mycotoxins and phytoestrogens in their diets, with Fusarium-derived metabolites being the most prevalent and diverse. Maize silage and straw are the major dietary factors influencing the contamination with fungal toxins and metabolites, while temperature plays a significant role among the geo-climatic factors.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Josiane C. C. Panisson, Michael O. O. Wellington, Michael A. A. Bosompem, Veronika Nagl, Heidi E. E. Schwartz-Zimmermann, Daniel A. A. Columbus
Summary: Pigs' health and growth performance are negatively affected by exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON). The measurement of DON in feed and diets is inconsistent due to the uneven distribution of mycotoxins and difficulties in obtaining representative samples. However, this study found that analyzing DON levels in urine and blood serum can be used to predict a pig's DON intake, as there is a positive correlation between DON intake and urinary and serum DON concentrations when samples are collected under controlled conditions.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Isabel Hennig-Pauka, Franz-Josef Koch, Simone Schaumberger, Bettina Woechtl, Johannes Novak, Michael Sulyok, Veronika Nagl
PORCINE HEALTH MANAGEMENT
(2018)
