Immunotherapies in Alzheimer’s disease: Too much, too little, too late or off-target?

Dramatic Shifts in Circulating CD4 but not CD8 T Cell Subsets in Mild Alzheimer's Disease

(2017) Anis Larbi et al.   JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE

Brain collection, standardized neuropathologic assessment, and comorbidity in Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 participants

(2015) Erin E. Franklin et al.   Alzheimers & Dementia

CXCR2 Antagonist MK-7123. A Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept Trial for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

(2015) Stephen I. Rennard et al.   AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE

Learning by Failing: Ideas and Concepts to Tackle γ-Secretases in Alzheimer's Disease and Beyond

(2015) Bart De Strooper et al.   Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology

TREM2 Lipid Sensing Sustains the Microglial Response in an Alzheimer’s Disease Model

(2015) Yaming Wang et al.   CELL

Inflammation, Immunity, and Hypertensive End-Organ Damage

(2015) W. G. McMaster et al.   CIRCULATION RESEARCH

The Inflammatory Form of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy or “Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy-Related Inflammation” (CAARI)

(2015) Howard S. Kirshner et al.   Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports

Age-dependent impairment of glucose tolerance in the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

(2015) Milene Vandal et al.   FASEB JOURNAL

CCL11 enhances excitotoxic neuronal death by producing reactive oxygen species in microglia

(2015) Bijay Parajuli et al.   GLIA

TREM2 deficiency eliminates TREM2+inflammatory macrophages and ameliorates pathology in Alzheimer’s disease mouse models

(2015) Taylor R. Jay et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

CXCR2 is essential for cerebral endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment during neuroinflammation

(2015) Fengjiao Wu et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease

(2015) Michael T Heneka et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Immune attack: the role of inflammation in Alzheimer disease

(2015) Frank L. Heppner et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Immunity in arterial hypertension: associations or causalities?

(2015) Hans-Joachim Anders et al.   NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION

Signaling in Lymphocyte Activation

(2015) Doreen Cantrell   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

Post-mortem analysis of neuroinflammatory changes in human Alzheimer’s disease

(2015) Diego Gomez-Nicola et al.   Alzheimers Research & Therapy

Pilot and feasibility studies: Is there a difference from each other and from a randomised controlled trial?

(2014) Amy L. Whitehead et al.   Contemporary Clinical Trials

Intravenous Immunoglobulin Reduces Tau Pathology and Preserves Neuroplastic Gene Expression in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

(2014) Scott Counts et al.   Current Alzheimer Research

Physical Exercise in MCI Elderly Promotes Reduction of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines and Improvements on Cognition and BDNF Peripheral Levels

(2014) Carla Nascimento et al.   Current Alzheimer Research

Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Clinical Subtypes of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease

(2014) Edmond Teng et al.   DEMENTIA AND GERIATRIC COGNITIVE DISORDERS

Insulin Reverses the High-Fat Diet-Induced Increase in Brain A  and Improves Memory in an Animal Model of Alzheimer Disease

(2014) M. Vandal et al.   DIABETES

APOε4 is associated with enhanced in vivo innate immune responses in human subjects

(2014) Stephen C. Gale et al.   JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Clinical Trials of Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Alzheimer’s Disease

(2014) Norman Relkin   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY

Clearing the way for tau immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease

(2014) Abigail Herrmann et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY

IVIg protects the 3xTg-AD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease from memory deficit and Aβ pathology

(2014) Isabelle St-Amour et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Microglia receptors and their implications in the response to amyloid β for Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

(2014) Deborah Doens et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Anti-ApoE Antibody Given after Plaque Onset Decreases A  Accumulation and Improves Brain Function in a Mouse Model of A  Amyloidosis

(2014) F. Liao et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

The Evolution of Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease: Implications for Prevention Trials

(2014) Reisa Sperling et al.   NEURON

Upregulation of TREM2 Ameliorates Neuropathology and Rescues Spatial Cognitive Impairment in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

(2014) Teng Jiang et al.   NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Two Phase 3 Trials of Bapineuzumab in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease

(2014) Stephen Salloway et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

TREM2 mutations implicated in neurodegeneration impair cell surface transport and phagocytosis

(2014) G. Kleinberger et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Modulation of β-amyloid by a single dose of GSK933776 in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease: a phase I study

(2014) Thomas Leyhe et al.   Alzheimers Research & Therapy

Dual destructive and protective roles of adaptive immunity in neurodegenerative disorders

(2014) Kristi M Anderson et al.   Translational Neurodegeneration

The amyloid cascade-inflammatory hypothesis of Alzheimer disease: implications for therapy

(2013) Patrick L. McGeer et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Microglia actions in Alzheimer’s disease

(2013) Stefan Prokop et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

The therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease: Where we stand and where we are heading

(2013) Dennis J. Selkoe   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Adipose tissue macrophages in the development of obesity-induced inflammation, insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes

(2013) Jongsoon Lee   ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH

Clinical Utility and Analytical Challenges in Measurement of Cerebrospinal Fluid Amyloid- 1-42 and   Proteins as Alzheimer Disease Biomarkers

(2013) J.-H. Kang et al.   CLINICAL CHEMISTRY

Safety and Pharmacology of Ponezumab (PF-04360365) After a Single 10-Minute Intravenous Infusion in Subjects With Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease

(2013) Aaron H. Burstein et al.   CLINICAL NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Safety and Pharmacology of a Single Intravenous Dose of Ponezumab in Subjects With Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer Disease

(2013) Jaren W. Landen et al.   CLINICAL NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Immunosenescent CD8 + T Cells and C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 3 Chemokines Are Increased in Human Hypertension

(2013) Jong-Chan Youn et al.   HYPERTENSION

Brain Bioavailability of Human Intravenous Immunoglobulin and its Transport through the Murine Blood–Brain Barrier

(2013) Isabelle St-Amour et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Complement in Immune and Inflammatory Disorders: Therapeutic Interventions

(2013) D. Ricklin et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

MER5101, a Novel A 1-15:DT Conjugate Vaccine, Generates a Robust Anti-A  Antibody Response and Attenuates A  Pathology and Cognitive Deficits in APPswe/PS1 E9 Transgenic Mice

(2013) B. Liu et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Immunogenicity, Efficacy, Safety, and Mechanism of Action of Epitope Vaccine (Lu AF20513) for Alzheimer's Disease: Prelude to a Clinical Trial

(2013) H. Davtyan et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Intracranial Injection of Gammagard, a Human IVIg, Modulates the Inflammatory Response of the Brain and Lowers A  in APP/PS1 Mice Along a Different Time Course than Anti-A  Antibodies

(2013) T. L. Sudduth et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE

Intravenous immunoglobulin for treatment of mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding trial

(2013) Richard Dodel et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

IVIG immunotherapy protects against synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease through complement anaphylatoxin C5a-mediated AMPA-CREB-C/EBP signaling pathway

(2013) Bing Gong et al.   MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY

Microglial TNF-α-Dependent Elevation of MHC Class I Expression on Brain Endothelium Induced by Amyloid-Beta Promotes T Cell Transendothelial Migration

(2013) Yi-Ming Yang et al.   NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH

CXCL1 Contributes to β-Amyloid-Induced Transendothelial Migration of Monocytes in Alzheimer’s Disease

(2013) Ke Zhang et al.   PLoS One

Inflammation in Alzheimer Disease--A Brief Review of the Basic Science and Clinical Literature

(2013) T. Wyss-Coray et al.   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

The Genetics of Alzheimer Disease

(2013) R. E. Tanzi   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

The Clinical Problem of Symptomatic Alzheimer Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment

(2013) R. Tarawneh et al.   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

Animal Models of Alzheimer Disease

(2013) F. M. LaFerla et al.   Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine

Passive anti-amyloid immunotherapy in Alzheimer's disease: What are the most promising targets?

(2013) Jens Moreth et al.   Immunity & Ageing

Immune Regulation in T1D and T2D: Prospective Role of Foxp3+ Treg Cells in Disease Pathogenesis and Treatment

(2013) Mara Kornete et al.   Frontiers in Endocrinology

The genetics and neuropathology of Alzheimer’s disease

(2012) Gerard D. Schellenberg et al.   ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA

Safety and efficacy of a CXCR2 antagonist in patients with severe asthma and sputum neutrophils: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial

(2012) P. Nair et al.   CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY

Impact of the CD40-CD40L Dyad in Alzheimers Disease

(2012) Brian Giunta et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

Mechanisms of Action of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for the Prevention of Alzheimers Disease

(2012) Greg M. Cole et al.   CNS & Neurological Disorders-Drug Targets

The value and limitations of transgenic mouse models used in drug discovery for Alzheimer's disease: an update

(2012) Kelly R Bales   Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

The immune system in the aging human

(2012) Paulina Dominika Rymkiewicz et al.   IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH

Apolipoprotein E4 Impairs Macrophage Efferocytosis and Potentiates Apoptosis by Accelerating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

(2012) James G. Cash et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Immunologic Privilege in the Central Nervous System and the Blood–Brain Barrier

(2012) Leslie L Muldoon et al.   JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM

Anti-apoE immunotherapy inhibits amyloid accumulation in a transgenic mouse model of Aβ amyloidosis

(2012) Jungsu Kim et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Effects of human intravenous immunoglobulin on amyloid pathology and neuroinflammation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

(2012) Lakshman Puli et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Does vascular pathology contribute to Alzheimer changes?

(2012) Raj N. Kalaria et al.   JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES

Amyloid-related imaging abnormalities in patients with Alzheimer's disease treated with bapineuzumab: a retrospective analysis

(2012) Reisa Sperling et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Safety, tolerability, and antibody response of active Aβ immunotherapy with CAD106 in patients with Alzheimer's disease: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, first-in-human study

(2012) Bengt Winblad et al.   LANCET NEUROLOGY

Tau phosphorylation in human brain: relationship to behavioral disturbance in dementia

(2012) Simone Guadagna et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

CCL2 affects β-amyloidosis and progressive neurocognitive dysfunction in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

(2012) Tomomi Kiyota et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

Short amyloid-β immunogens with spacer-enhanced immunogenicity without junctional epitopes for Alzheimer’s disease immunotherapy

(2012) Xiaoying Guan et al.   NEUROREPORT

Clinical and Biomarker Changes in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer's Disease

(2012) Randall J. Bateman et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Variant of TREM2 Associated with the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease

(2012) Thorlakur Jonsson et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

TREM2 Variants in Alzheimer's Disease

(2012) Rita Guerreiro et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Use it or lose it: establishment and persistence of T cell memory

(2012) Katherine Kedzierska et al.   Frontiers in Immunology

Extended results of the Alzheimer’s disease anti-inflammatory prevention trial

(2011) John C. Breitner et al.   Alzheimers & Dementia

Role of ninjurin-1 in the migration of myeloid cells to central nervous system inflammatory lesions

(2011) Igal Ifergan et al.   ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY

Mechanism of Amyloid Removal in Patients With Alzheimer Disease Treated With Gantenerumab

(2011) Susanne Ostrowitzki   ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY

Prostaglandins and Inflammation

(2011) Emanuela Ricciotti et al.   ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY

Central nervous system recruitment of effector memory CD8+ T lymphocytes during neuroinflammation is dependent on  4 integrin

(2011) I. Ifergan et al.   BRAIN

Systemic and Central Immunity in Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Implications

(2011) Joseph Butchart et al.   CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Alzheimers Disease: Key Questions and Partial Answers

(2011) F. Calon   Current Alzheimer Research

Chronological Age Impacts Immunotherapy and Monocyte Uptake Independent of Amyloid Load

(2011) Qingyou Li et al.   Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Immune profiling of Alzheimer patients

(2011) Mariavaleria Pellicanò et al.   JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease wanes with age

(2011) Jeroen JM Hoozemans et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

The ageing systemic milieu negatively regulates neurogenesis and cognitive function

(2011) Saul A. Villeda et al.   NATURE

The role of G protein-coupled receptors in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease

(2011) Amantha Thathiah et al.   NATURE REVIEWS NEUROSCIENCE

Chronic Intranasal Treatment with an Anti-Aβ30-42 scFv Antibody Ameliorates Amyloid Pathology in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

(2011) Susann Cattepoel et al.   PLoS One

A Therapeutic Antibody Targeting BACE1 Inhibits Amyloid-  Production in Vivo

(2011) J. K. Atwal et al.   Science Translational Medicine

Increased activity of Th-17 and Th-9 lymphocytes and a skewing of the post-thymic differentiation pathway are seen in Alzheimer’s disease

(2010) Marina Saresella et al.   BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

A multimeric immunogen for the induction of immune memory to beta-amyloid

(2010) Francesca Mantile et al.   IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY

Regulation of learning and memory by meningeal immunity: a key role for IL-4

(2010) Noël C. Derecki et al.   JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE

Review: Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy

(2010) J. Attems et al.   NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY

Physical activity, immunity and infection

(2010) J. Romeo et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY

Complement in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration

(2010) Vijay Yanamadala et al.   TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE

A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled-trial of Triflusal in Mild Cognitive Impairment

(2009) Teresa Gómez-Isla et al.   ALZHEIMER DISEASE & ASSOCIATED DISORDERS

Alzheimer's disease drug development and the problem of the blood-brain barrier

(2009) William M. Pardridge   Alzheimers & Dementia

Alzheimer's Disease Anti-Inflammatory Prevention Trial: Design, methods, and baseline results

(2009)   Alzheimers & Dementia

Clinical applications of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) - beyond immunodeficiencies and neurology

(2009) H.-P. Hartung et al.   CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY

Can peripheral leukocytes be used as Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers?

(2009) Kavon Rezai-Zadeh et al.   Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics

Vaccination with A -Displaying Virus-Like Particles Reduces Soluble and Insoluble Cerebral A  and Lowers Plaque Burden in APP Transgenic Mice

(2009) P. Bach et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

CD4-Positive T Lymphocytes Provide a Neuroimmunological Link in the Control of Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis

(2009) S. A. Wolf et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Expression of inflammatory genes induced by beta-amyloid peptides in human brain endothelial cells and in Alzheimer's brain is mediated by the JNK-AP1 signaling pathway

(2009) Vanja Vukic et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE

Reduction of the cerebrovascular volume in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

(2009) Fanchon Bourasset et al.   NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

The aging of the immune system

(2009) Daniela Weiskopf et al.   TRANSPLANT INTERNATIONAL

Cognitive Function Over Time in the Alzheimer's Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT)

(2008)   ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY

Natural human antibodies to amyloid beta peptide

(2008) Paul Szabo et al.   AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Plays a Dominant Role in the Chronic Inflammation Observed in Alzheimer's Disease

(2008) Anna Sokolova et al.   BRAIN PATHOLOGY

Diagnostic utility of APOE, soluble CD40, CD40L, and Aβ1–40 levels in plasma in Alzheimer’s disease

(2008) Ghania Ait-ghezala et al.   CYTOKINE

Decreased expression of CD200 and CD200 receptor in Alzheimer's disease: A potential mechanism leading to chronic inflammation

(2008) Douglas G. Walker et al.   EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Microglia: gatekeepers of central nervous system immunology

(2008) Bart R. Tambuyzer et al.   JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY

Mannan-Abeta28 conjugate prevents Abeta-plaque deposition, but increases microhemorrhages in the brains of vaccinated Tg2576 (APPsw) mice

(2008) Irina Petrushina et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Plaque complement activation and cognitive loss in Alzheimer's disease

(2008) David A Loeffler et al.   Journal of Neuroinflammation

Long-term effects of Aβ42 immunisation in Alzheimer's disease: follow-up of a randomised, placebo-controlled phase I trial

(2008) Clive Holmes et al.   LANCET

Peripheral T cells derived from Alzheimer's disease patients overexpress CXCR2 contributing to its transendothelial migration, which is microglial TNF-α-dependent

(2008) Yi-Jun Liu et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

High-fat diet aggravates amyloid-beta and tau pathologies in the 3xTg-AD mouse model

(2008) Carl Julien et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

Protective effects of NSAIDs on the development of Alzheimer disease

(2008) Steven C. Vlad et al.   NEUROLOGY

Elevated plasma levels of soluble CD40 in incipient Alzheimer's disease

(2008) Peder Buchhave et al.   NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS

Peripherally Administered Human Umbilical Cord Blood Cells Reduce Parenchymal and Vascular β-Amyloid Deposits in Alzheimer Mice

(2008) William V. Nikolic et al.   STEM CELLS AND DEVELOPMENT

Blood–brain barrier: Ageing and microvascular disease – systematic review and meta-analysis

(2007) Andrew J. Farrall et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING

Enhanced soluble CD40 ligand and Alzheimer's disease: Evidence of a possible pathogenetic role

(2006) Giovambattista Desideri et al.   NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING