Review
Microbiology
Jackson Luu, Valerie J. Carabetta
Summary: Protein acetylation is a crucial posttranslational modification in bacteria, regulated by enzymatic and nonenzymatic mechanisms. Research on acetylation in bacterial virulence and biofilm formation is ongoing, shedding light on its impact on host-pathogen interactions and antimicrobial resistance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karlie R. Platz, Emma J. Rudisel, Katelynn V. Paluch, Taylor R. Laurin, Kristin E. Dittenhafer-Reed
Summary: The mitochondrial proteome undergoes various post-translational modifications, and this study focused on the effects of acetylation and phosphorylation on the function of mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT). While some modifications showed slight decrease in the binding ability of POLRMT, there were minimal biological impacts observed in terms of viability, mtDNA content, and mitochondrial transcript levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Qibin Wu, Zhenxiang Li, Jingtao Yang, Fu Xu, Xueqin Fu, Liping Xu, Chuihuai You, Dongjiao Wang, Yachun Su, Youxiong Que
Summary: This study reports the first comprehensive analysis of protein lysine acetylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, and lysine lactylation in sugarcane. These post-translational modifications were found to be involved in energy metabolism and stress response. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of protein PTMs in sugarcane.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Si-Ping Zhang, Han-Zhong Feng, Qian Wang, Megan L. Kempher, Shuo-Wei Quan, Xuanyu Tao, Shaomin Niu, Yong Wang, Hu-Yuan Feng, Yong-Xing He
Summary: Post-translational modification (PTM) serves as an important molecular switch mechanism to regulate diverse biological functions. Many PTMs have been identified in bacteria, with PTM toxins in type II TA systems modifying cellular targets associated with translation and replication.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marwan Osman, Rafael Mahieu, Matthieu Eveillard
Summary: Through whole-genome sequencing and machine-learning analysis, researchers discovered that recurrent infections are often caused by different strains and developed a personalized algorithm to reduce antimicrobial resistance at the individual-patient level.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marco Paolo Jacinto, Stephen D. Fried, Marc M. Greenberg
Summary: This study identifies a nonenzymatic histone modification, K-MP, induced by DNA damage. Over 60,000 K-MP modified histones were detected in HeLa cells, with 17 of the 57 lysine residues in the four core histone proteins being modified. These findings suggest that DNA damage could have significant effects on cells.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naoya Kitamura, James J. Galligan
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) rapidly respond to stimuli, finely tuning metabolism and gene expression to maintain homeostasis. Advances in mass spectrometry have expanded the list of known PTMs, but many lack defined mechanisms for their regulation. This review discusses the current state of PTM research, including site specificity, analytical methods, chemical tools, and approaches for discovering and validating novel PTMs, providing a comprehensive list and knowledge of their regulation and metabolic origins.
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Ashraf Hussain, Eugene Boon Beng Ong, Prabha Balaram, Asma Ismail, Phua Kia Kien
Summary: Our study aimed to investigate the effects of deleting tolC on the adhesion and invasion of HT-29 epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages by S. Typhi in vitro. Our results showed that the tolC mutant strain had significantly reduced adhesion and invasion rates compared to the wild-type strain in both cell types. Additionally, we observed downregulation of SPI-1 gene expression in the tolC mutant.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei-hua Wang, Tao Yuan, Mei-jia Qian, Fang-jie Yan, Liu Yang, Qiao-jun He, Bo Yang, Jin-jian Lu, Hong Zhu
Summary: This review discusses the regulatory mode of post-translational modifications on KRAS, including prenylation, phosphorylation, and more, while highlighting recent studies targeting these modifications that have shown potent anti-tumor activities.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rachel E. Lacoursiere, Dania Hadi, Gary S. Shaw
Summary: Ubiquitination is a complex process controlled by a series of enzymes. Recent studies have shown that these enzymes can be further modified through acetylation or phosphorylation, and alterations in these modifications have been observed in different diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ramesh Kumar, Divya Mehta, Nimisha Mishra, Debasis Nayak, Sujatha Sunil
Summary: Viruses depend on host cells for replication and survival, utilizing post-translational modifications (PTMs) to control viral replication. Host proteins use PTMs to inhibit viral protein synthesis, eliminate viruses, while PTMs of viral proteins can increase their solubility and virulence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Tong Zhou, Mingshu Wang, Anchun Cheng, Qiao Yang, Bin Tian, Ying Wu, Renyong Jia, Shun Chen, Mafeng Liu, Xin-Xin Zhao, Xuming Ou, Sai Mao, Di Sun, Shaqiu Zhang, Dekang Zhu, Juan Huang, Qun Gao, Yanling Yu, Ling Zhang
Summary: This article mainly describes the viral protein kinases and their mechanisms of regulating viral protein function through phosphorylation. The study of post-translational modification of viral proteins is of great significance for understanding viral infection mechanisms and developing antiviral treatment.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Linbin Zhou, Danny Siu-Chun Ng, Jason C. Yam, Li Jia Chen, Clement C. Tham, Chi Pui Pang, Wai Kit Chu
Summary: This review summarizes recent findings on the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the functions of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). PTMs on pRb play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation, cell survival, and differentiation, and altered PTMs can lead to anomalies in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Understanding the post-translational modulation of pRb could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various human diseases.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Katie Dunphy, Paul Dowling, Despina Bazou, Peter O'Gorman
Summary: This review discusses techniques used for PTM analysis and their applications in blood cancer research. Mass spectrometry-based techniques are at the forefront of PTM analysis due to their ability to detect large numbers of modified proteins with high sensitivity and specificity. Immuno-based techniques remain popular, with improvements in the quality of commercially available modification-specific antibodies facilitating the detection of modified proteins with high affinity. PTM-focused studies on blood cancers have provided information on altered cellular processes that contribute to the malignant phenotype, while many blood cancer therapies target protein modifications to exert their anti-cancer effects. Continued optimization of protocols and techniques for PTM analysis in blood cancer research will lead to novel insights into mechanisms of malignant transformation and the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Review
Immunology
Chong Feng, Lening Zhang, Xin Chang, Dongliang Qin, Tao Zhang
Summary: The immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and PD-L1 are promising targets for tumor immunotherapy. PD-L1 overexpression on tumor cells inhibits T cell activation by binding to PD-1, leading to tumor immune escape. Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 involves blocking this binding and restoring immune cell killing effect.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)