Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ze-Hui Liu, Zhuo-Fan Deng, Ying Lu, Wei-Huan Fang, Fang He
Summary: Novel multiple antigen delivery system using SpyCatcher/Spytag strategy and self-assembled VLPs formed by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) Cap can significantly elevate immune potency by surface-displaying antigen. This modularly assembled system retains the immune potential of Cap VLP backbone, while enhancing immune potency.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kasumi Suzuki, Hiroki Shinkai, Gou Yoshioka, Toshimi Matsumoto, Junji Tanaka, Noboru Hayashi, Haruki Kitazawa, Hirohide Uenishi
Summary: The study found that the NOD2-2197A genotype in the PCV2b-spreading pig population can increase pig mortality at the growing stage, and after the PCV2b epidemic, the proportion of NOD2-2197A decreases. Functional differences caused by NOD2-2197 polymorphisms have a significant impact on pig health and livestock productivity.
Article
Virology
Hong-Xuan Li, Xi-Meng Chen, You-Yi Zhao, Hong-Lei Zhang, Lan-Lan Zheng, Lin-Qing Wang, Shi-jie Ma, Hong-Ying Chen
Summary: Porcine circovirus 4 (PCV4) was discovered in pigs in Hunan province, China in 2019 and has been found in pigs co-infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). A study was conducted in Henan province, China to investigate the co-infection and genetic diversity of PEDV and PCV4. A duplex SYBR Green I-based qPCR assay was developed for simultaneous detection of PEDV and PCV4. The results showed a detection rate of 40% for PEDV, 38% for PCV4, and a co-infection rate of 34%. Genetic analysis revealed different strains of PEDV and three genotypes of PCV4. This study provides valuable information for the prevention and control of these viruses.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adthakorn Madapong, Kepalee Saeng-Chuto, Angkana Tantituvanont, Dachrit Nilubol
Summary: This study evaluated the immune response of six commercial vaccines against PRRSV-2 and PCV2, administered via intramuscular or intradermal routes. The results showed that intradermal vaccination was more effective in terms of immune response and clinical outcomes compared to intramuscular vaccination. Concurrent vaccination of PRRSV-2 MLV and PCV2 via either the intramuscular or intradermal routes could be a viable immunization strategy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Youngmin Park, Kyungmin Min, Nam Hyung Kim, Ji-hwan Kim, Minhee Park, Hyangju Kang, Eun-Ju Sohn, Sangmin Lee
Summary: This study demonstrated that plant-based expression systems can produce large amounts of proteins, such as recombinant PCV2 capsid protein, for use as subunit vaccine candidates, showing potential for cost-effective vaccines in the pig industry.
Article
Virology
Phat Xuan Dinh, Minh Nam Nguyen, Hien The Nguyen, Vu Hoang Tran, Quy Dinh Tran, Kim Hoang Dang, Dai Tan Vo, Hien Thanh Le, Nam Thi Thu Nguyen, Toan Tat Nguyen, Duy Tien Do
Summary: This study investigated the genetic diversity of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and its coinfecting pathogens in pigs with respiratory disease in Vietnam. The predominant genotype of PCV2 was identified to be PCV2d in southern provinces of Vietnam. The study also provided a comprehensive overview of the coinfecting pathogens associated with PCV2 in young pigs with respiratory disease.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Wenxian Chen, Jindai Fan, Zhaoyao Li, Yuanyuan Zhang, Yuwei Qin, Keke Wu, Xiaowen Li, Yuwan Li, Shuangqi Fan, Mingqiu Zhao
Summary: The RAA technology combined with a nucleic acid test strip (RAA-strip) offers a simple and specific method for detecting PCV2, showing advantages of strong specificity, high sensitivity, excellent reproducibility, and simple operation.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jeongmin Suh, Sehyeong Ham, Taehwan Oh, Chanhee Chae
Summary: The study demonstrates that a trivalent vaccine provides cross-protection against dual PCV-2e and M. hyopneumoniae challenges and significantly improves the growth performance of pigs.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE VETERINAIRE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lia Baron, Shimshi Atar, Hadas Zur, Modi Roopin, Eli Goz, Tamir Tuller
Summary: This study highlights the importance of silent codes in viral genomes for the regulation of viral life cycle and evolution, and demonstrates a novel computational-experimental pipeline to investigate their effects on viral fitness.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Oluwawemimo Adebowale, Olufemi Amoo, Kayode Afolabi, Abimbola Oloye
Summary: This study investigated the awareness and perception of pig farmers in southwestern Nigeria regarding porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and its associated diseases. The results showed that most pig farmers had limited knowledge about PCV2 and its effects, indicating a gap in awareness. To bridge this gap, it is important to provide more scientific evidence and implement targeted educational programs and policy formulations.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED VETERINARY AND ANIMAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ivan Diaz, Joan Pujols, Esmeralda Cano, Marti Cortey, Nuria Navarro, Anna Vidal, Enric Mateu, Marga Martin
Summary: The study indicates that the protective immunity against PEDV in pigs is limited, as previously infected pigs were not completely protected from reinfection, although the duration and total load of viral shedding were significantly lower.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hector Arguello, Irene Magdalena Rodriguez-Gomez, Jose Maria Sanchez-Carvajal, Francisco Jose Pallares, Ivan Diaz, Raul Cabrera-Rubio, Fiona Crispie, Paul D. Cotter, Enric Mateu, Gerard Martin-Valls, Librado Carrasco, Jaime Gomez-Laguna
Summary: This study investigated the impact of acute PRRSV infection with different virulent strains on immune parameters and gut microbiota composition in pigs. The results showed that the infection, especially with the more virulent strain, significantly altered the microbiome composition, leading to a decrease in desirable commensals and an association with certain immune markers.
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Hua Feng, Joaquim Segales, Fangyu Wang, Qianyue Jin, Aiping Wang, Gaiping Zhang, Giovanni Franzo
Summary: An overall analysis of codon usage bias for Chinese porcine circoviruses (PCVs) was performed, revealing the codon usage patterns and their relationship with the host, as well as the involvement of natural selection and mutation pressure in shaping these patterns. The study also showed that PCV-4 may be more adapted to its host compared to other PCVs. These insights contribute to a better understanding of the molecular evolution of PCVs.
Review
Microbiology
Cesar Munoz-Fontela, Lina Widerspick, Randy A. Albrecht, Martin Beer, Miles W. Carroll, Emmie de Wit, Michael S. Diamond, William E. Dowling, Simon G. P. Funnell, Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, Nora M. Gerhards, Rineke de Jong, Vincent J. Munster, Johan Neyts, Stanley Perlman, Douglas S. Reed, Juergen A. Richt, Ximena Riveros-Balta, Chad J. Roy, Francisco J. Salguero, Michael Schotsaert, Lauren M. Schwartz, Robert A. Seder, Joaquim Segales, Seshadri S. Vasan, Ana Maria Henao-Restrepo, Dan H. Barouch
Summary: Animal models play a crucial role in evaluating the virulence, transmission, and immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 variants and are continuously being improved to better replicate the demographic characteristics of COVID-19.
Article
Immunology
Nigeer Te, Jordi Rodon, Monica Perez, Joaquim Segales, Julia Vergara-Alert, Albert Bensaid
Summary: Comparing early epidemic strains with contemporary strains, it was found that MERS-CoV Glade B strains have stronger replication and shedding capabilities in an alpaca model, suggesting better adaptation and transmission potential.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Gerard E. Martin-Valls, Marti Cortey, Alberto Allepuz, Francesc Illas, Montse Tello, Enric Mateu
Summary: This report describes 28 genome sequences belonging to a new clade in subtype 1 of Betaarterivirus suid 1, previously known as porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1. These sequences exhibit a potential recombinant pattern, with a highly pathogenic strain from Italy identified as the likely major parental sequence along with three other possible parents.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Li Yanli, Ivan Diaz, Gerard Martin-Valls, Niklas Beyersdorf, Enric Mateu
Summary: This study investigated the role of cytotoxic lymphocytes in preventing transplacental infection of PRRSV-1 in vaccinated sows, and found that the health status of the piglets was associated with the immune response of these cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Gerard E. Martin-Valls, Marti Cortey, Alberto Allepuz, Francesc Illas, Montserrat Tello, Enric Mateu
Summary: A strain of enhanced virulence PRRSV entered a production system in Spain and quickly spread, leading to significant impacts on health and production. Multiple clades of this strain were detected, with high diversification rates, indicating fast spread and adaptation. The impact on affected farms was severe, taking several months to recover to pre-outbreak levels.
PORCINE HEALTH MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Hepzibar Clilverd, Gerard Martin-Valls, Yanli Li, Marga Martin, Marti Cortey, Enric Mateu
Summary: The study aimed to describe the infection dynamics, transmission, and evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) after an outbreak in a vaccinated farm. The results showed that the incidence of infection varied among different batches of piglets, with the highest cumulative incidence observed in Batch 1. Higher viral genetic diversity was observed in the initial outbreak, while a selection process led to the emergence of a distinguishable variant in Batch 3. The study also identified the presence of super-spreaders and the role of unresponsive sows in transmission.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Elena Blazquez, Joan Pujols, Fernando Rodriguez, Joaquim Segales, Rosa Rosell, Joy Campbell, Javier Polo
Summary: The potential benefits of feeding spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) to pigs infected with African swine fever virus (ASFV) were evaluated in this study. Contact exposed pigs fed SDPP had delayed ASFV transmission and reduced virus load compared to conventionally fed pigs. This may be due to enhanced specific T-cell priming after the first ASFV-exposure.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Alex Cobos, Albert Ruiz, Monica Perez, Anna Llorens, Eva Huerta, Florencia Correa-Fiz, Robert Lohse, Monica Balasch, Joaquim Segales, Marina Sibila
Summary: This study provides the first description of PCV-3 experimental infection in pregnant gilts, showing transplacental infection, histological lesions in piglets mimicking those of natural disease, and lower body weight in piglets with vascular lesions at weaning age.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Blanca D. Lopez-Ayllon, Ana de Lucas-Rius, Laura Mendoza-Garcia, Transito Garcia-Garcia, Raul Fernandez-Rodriguez, Jose M. Suarez-Cardenas, Fatima Milhano Santos, Fernando Corrales, Natalia Redondo, Federica Pedrucci, Sara Zaldivar-Lopez, Angeles Jimenez-Marin, Juan J. Garrido, Maria Montoya
Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 encodes eleven accessory proteins in its genome, and their roles during infection are not fully understood. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that WNT5A and IL11 were significantly up-regulated in A549 cells expressing certain accessory proteins from SARS-CoV-2. Bioinformatics analysis and functional assays confirmed the involvement of WNT5A and IL11 in pulmonary fibrosis, and altered profibrotic gene expression was observed in lung cell lines infected with SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 patients' lung biopsies. These findings suggest that targeting these accessory proteins could be a potential therapeutic approach against COVID-19.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Belen Alvarez, Concepcion Revilla, Teresa Poderoso, Angel Ezquerra, Javier Dominguez
Summary: Pig is an increasingly important animal model for biomedical research, besides its significance in the livestock industry. Macrophages are crucial in immunity, tissue development, homeostasis, and tissue repair. They are also targeted by viruses causing economic losses in the pig industry. This article reviews the current understanding of porcine macrophages, including marker characterization, macrophage populations in different organs, and the impact of polarization conditions on their phenotype and function. The article also examines cell lines suitable for studying porcine macrophages and their interaction with pathogens.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
E. Ruiz-Riera, E. Vidal, A. Canturri, A. Lehmbecker, M. Cuvertoret, C. Lopez-Figueroa, W. Baumgaertner, M. Domingo, J. Segales
Summary: This study describes a new pathological condition in pigs, characterized by wasting and vacuolization of the brain. The affected and healthy pigs from eight farms were investigated, and the most consistent lesion observed was neuropil vacuolization in the forebrain. Supplementation with nutritional complexes improved the condition, suggesting a metabolic origin.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Gerard Eduard Martin-Valls, Preben Mortensen, Hepzibar Clilvert, Yanli Li, Marti Cortey, Melanie Sno, Timea Barna, Marisa Terre, Nicolas Guerra, Enric Mateu
Summary: The study showed that vaccination of sows before farrowing can safely reduce the incidence of PRRSV in piglets, decrease pre-weaning mortality, and improve pig production efficiency.
VETERINARY RECORD OPEN
(2022)