Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
R. Colin Carter, Marjanne Senekal, Christopher P. Duggan, Neil C. Dodge, Ernesta M. Meintjes, Christopher D. Molteno, Joseph L. Jacobson, Sandra W. Jacobson
Summary: The study found that gestational weight gain and dietary intakes of energy, choline, and iron can modify fetal vulnerability to prenatal alcohol exposure related growth restriction. Screening programs for pregnant women at higher risk of having a child with FASD are needed to identify alcohol-using women who could benefit from nutritional interventions.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Cassandra L. R. van Doorn, Clare Eckold, Katharina Ronacher, Rovina Ruslami, Suzanne van Veen, Ji-Sook Lee, Vinod Kumar, Sarah Kerry-Barnard, Stephanus T. Malherbe, Leanie Kleynhans, Kim Stanley, Philip C. Hill, Simone A. Joosten, Reinout van Crevel, Cisca Wijmenga, Julia A. Critchley, Gerhard Walzl, Bachti Alisjahbana, Marielle C. Haks, Hazel M. Dockrell, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Eleonora Vianello, Jacqueline M. Cliff
Summary: The study found that the analysis of patients' whole blood transcriptional profiles can predict treatment failure or success in tuberculosis, even in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Article
Substance Abuse
Jorge S. Martins, Nia Fogelman, Stephanie Wemm, Seungju Hwang, Rajita Sinha
Summary: This study found that alcohol craving and withdrawal symptoms may predict higher risk of heavy drinking during outpatient treatment. The results highlight the importance of assessing alcohol craving and withdrawal symptoms at the beginning of outpatient treatment and developing targeted treatments to address their impact on drinking outcomes.
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Karim Damji, Ahmar H. Hashmi, Lin Lin Kyi, Michele Vincenti-Delmas, Win Pa Pa Htun, Htet Ko Ko Aung, Tobias Brummaier, Chaisiri Angkurawaranon, Verena Carrara, Francois Nosten
Summary: This study found that nutritional intake among TB patients did not meet recommended levels, despite significant weight gain and increased BMI. However, half of the participants still had mild or more severe forms of malnutrition.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Jamie A. Tratalos, Helen R. Fielding, Jamie M. Madden, Miriam Casey, Simon J. More
Summary: We used logistic regression to investigate the relationship between the Ingoing Contact Chain (ICC) of previous cattle movements and the risk of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in Irish cattle herds. We found that direct cattle movements into the herd were risk factors for bTB restrictions, with the number of herds that animals were coming from being the most important factor. However, less remote steps in the ICC did not result in better fitting models. Considering the bTB test history of source herds improved model fit, suggesting that bTB infected animals are often moving out of herds before testing positive.
PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Evangelia Argyriou, Giorgos Bakoyannis, Wei Wu, Mary Jo Rattermann, Melissa A. A. Cyders
Summary: This study examined treatment course patterns in a community SUD clinic and found that primary opioid use disorder diagnosis was associated with higher risk of premature treatment termination. Additionally, depressive symptoms level during treatment, primary SUD diagnosis, and lifetime misuse of multiple substances were found to be risk factors for treatment readmission.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Javiera Collao, Maria del Mar Morales-Amaral, Francisco Gabriel Acien-Fernandez, Silvia Bolado-Rodriguez, Nuria Fernandez-Gonzalez
Summary: The study showed that biomass productivity in photobioreactors increased as water depth decreased, but a decrease in bacterial community evenness may lead to a reduction in nutrient removal. Heterotrophs and phototrophs, mainly from the family Rhodobacteraceae, dominated bacterial diversity, and community changes were driven by various environmental factors and biological interactions.
Article
Neurosciences
Heidi M. B. Lesscher, E. J. Marijke Achterberg, Stephen M. Siviy, Louk J. M. J. Vanderschuren
Summary: This study aims to determine how individual differences in juvenile social play behavior predict alcohol intake and loss of control over alcohol seeking. Rats that engage most in social play behavior consume more alcohol than their less playful counterparts, but they also show greater control over alcohol seeking. Highly playful rats are more prone to alcohol intake, yet show greater control over alcohol seeking, contributing to the understanding of the relationship between social development and vulnerability to AUD.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Leonardo S. de Araujo, Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves, Matthew F. Wipperman, Charles Kyriakos Vorkas, Frank Pessler, Maria Helena Feres Saad
Summary: External validation in different cohorts confirmed NPC2 mRNA as a diagnostic host biomarker for active TB, with potential in predicting progression from latent to active infection and indicating response to anti-TB treatment.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Songjun Ji, Bin Lu, Xinling Pan
Summary: This study established an individualized nomogram to predict the probability of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) in tuberculosis patients receiving anti-tuberculosis treatment. The nomogram model was developed based on clinical information of patients retrospective reviewed from January 2010 to December 2022. The model showed good discrimination power and prediction accuracy.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Luan Nguyen Quang Vo, Viet Nhung Nguyen, Nga Thi Thuy Nguyen, Thuy Thi Thu Dong, Andrew Codlin, Rachel Forse, Huyen Thanh Truong, Hoa Binh Nguyen, Ha Thi Minh Dang, Vinh Van Truong, Lan Huu Nguyen, Tuan Huy Mac, Phong Thanh Le, Khoa Tu Tran, Nduku Ndunda, Maxine Caws, Jacob Creswell
Summary: To eliminate tuberculosis (TB), the study assessed the feasibility of using interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) at lower healthcare levels and the performance of 3-month and 9-month daily TB preventive therapy (TPT) regimens. The results showed that providing IGRAs at lower healthcare levels and using shorter TPT regimens may help expand access and uptake towards meeting TPT targets, but scale-up may require advocacy and education.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jinyu Wang, Ke Xiong, Lei Xu, Chao Zhang, Shanliang Zhao, Yufeng Liu, Aiguo Ma
Summary: The study suggests that decreased vegetable intake and increased cooking oil intake are associated with higher risks of drug-induced liver injury and liver dysfunction in tuberculosis patients during treatment.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonah Larkins-Ford, Talia Greenstein, Nhi Van, Yonatan N. Degefu, Michaela C. Olson, Artem Sokolov, Bree B. Aldridge
Summary: This study conducted systematic measurements of Mycobacterium tuberculosis response to various antibiotic combinations in vitro, developed classifiers predictive of treatment outcomes, and identified optimal in vitro models to describe in vivo treatment results. The findings contribute to the identification of more effective treatment strategies and are generalizable to other diseases requiring combination therapies.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Adrian Davis, Patrick McMaster, Daniel C. Christie, Anes Yang, Jeffrey S. Kruk, Karen A. Fisher
Summary: This study reviewed the records of 456 patients voluntarily seeking medical management for substance misuse in Sydney, Australia. The findings showed that while psychiatric comorbidity did not significantly predict treatment outcomes, depression was prevalent in over half of the cohort along with high rates of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, anxiety disorders, and bipolar affective disorders. Medication non-compliance and primary substance of misuse were significant predictors of length of stay and discharge against medical advice. Further research is needed to understand how specific substances interact with and affect specific psychiatric disorders to guide optimal treatment options.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lei Xu, Jinyu Wang, Shanliang Zhao, Jianwen Zhang, Ke Xiong, Jing Cai, Qiuzhen Wang, Song Lin, Yan Ma, Aiguo Ma
Summary: Increased intake of vegetables and fruits, especially vegetables, is associated with a lower risk of treatment failure in pulmonary tuberculosis patients, providing important information for dietary guidelines during tuberculosis treatment.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sabine M. Hermans, Nesbert Zinyakatira, Judy Caldwell, Frank G. J. Cobelens, Andrew Boulle, Robin Wood
Summary: The study found that the rate of recurrent tuberculosis increases with subsequent episodes, regardless of HIV status. HIV infection alone may not explain the high burden of recurrence, suggesting a combination of high infection risk and increased risk associated with previous tuberculosis episodes. High recurrence rates indicate a need for increased tuberculosis surveillance in patients with more than one episode.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Gavin Churchyard, Vicky Cardenas, Violet Chihota, Kathy Mngadi, Modulakgotla Sebe, William Brumskine, Neil Martinson, Getnet Yimer, Shu-Hua Wang, Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro, Dinis Nguenha, LeeAnne Masilela, Zainab Waggie, Susan van den Hof, Salome Charalambous, Frank Cobelens, Richard E. Chaisson, Alison D. Grant, Katherine L. Fielding
Summary: Completion rates were higher with 3 months of rifapentine-isoniazid compared to 6 months of isoniazid, and a second round of preventive therapy did not provide additional benefit to persons receiving antiretroviral therapy in settings with high tuberculosis transmission.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
C. F. McQuaid, M. C. Clarkson, M. Bellerose, K. Floyd, R. G. White, N. A. Menzies
Summary: Mathematical modelling is increasingly being used to inform budgeting and strategic decision-making by national TB programmes. A benchmarking, reporting, and review approach has been developed to allow constructive review of country-level TB modelling applications. This approach has been piloted in five modelling applications and has the potential to improve the quality and transparency of country-level TB modelling applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2021)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Frank Cobelens, Andrew D. Kerkhoff
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Everdina W. Tiemersma, Ibrahim Ali, Asnakech Alemu, Yohanna Kambai Avong, Alemayehu Duga, Cassandra Elagbaje, Ambrose Isah, Alexander Kay, Blandina Theophil Mmbaga, Elice Mmari, Kissa Mwamwitwa, Siphesihle Nhlabatsi, Kassech Sintayehu, Aida Arefayne, Mekonnen Teferi, Frank Cobelens, Linda Harmark
Summary: Most countries have necessary laws, regulations and guidelines for pharmacovigilance conducted by the NMRAs. The success of NTP-NMRA collaboration is heavily influenced by interpersonal relationships between staff. The introduction of aDSM has raised awareness among DR-TB healthcare providers.
BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
S. Gatechompol, J. Sophonphan, S. J. Kerr, S. Ubolyam, A. Avihingsanon, F. van Leth, F. Cobelens
Summary: This study evaluated the relationship between multiple time-updated ML ratio measurements and the incidence of TB in PLWH after ART initiation, finding that an increased ML ratio was predictive of incident TB. The ML ratio at a cut point of 0.23 provided a high diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 71%.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rosemary James, Grant Theron, Frank Cobelens, Nora Engel
Summary: This study explores the current landscape and potential prioritization of diagnosis and treatment of Incipient Tuberculosis (ITB). The implementation of latent TB policies has been slow due to various challenges and framing issues. The authors suggest reframing ITB testing as 'early detection' and management as 'treatment' to increase its importance and acceptance.
TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Carlotta Fack, Robin Wood, Mark Hatherill, Frank Cobelens, Sabine Hermans
Summary: The change in infant BCG vaccination policy in South Africa was associated with a modest decrease in tuberculosis (TB) incidence in HIV-negative adolescents aged 10 to 17. However, TB incidence rapidly increased during adolescence and remained high despite BCG vaccination at birth.
Article
Microbiology
Hui Xia, Yang Zheng, Dongxin Liu, Shengfen Wang, WenCong He, Bing Zhao, Yuanyuan Song, Xichao Ou, Yang Zhou, Susan van den Hof, Frank Cobelens, YanLin Zhao
Summary: The study revealed an increase in moxifloxacin resistance among MDR-TB patients in China from 2007 to 2013, suggesting cautious use of the drug in MDR/RR-TB regimens. Laboratory confirmation of susceptibility to moxifloxacin is crucial, given the rise in resistance levels.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sivaporn Gatechompol, Jiratchaya Sophonphan, Sasiwimol Ubolyam, Anchalee Avihingsanon, Frank van Leth, Frank Cobelens, Stephen J. Kerr
Summary: This study evaluated the TB incidence among HIV patients receiving long-term ART in Thailand. The findings showed that despite the significant reduction in TB incidence with ART, PLWH still remain at high risk of developing TB. Low CD4 count, underweight, and substance abuse were identified as significant risk factors for incident TB.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Frank Cobelens, Rajinder Kumar Suri, Michelle Helinski, Michael Makanga, Ana Lucia Weinberg, Britta Schaffmeister, Frank Deege, Mark Hatherill
Summary: In order to eliminate tuberculosis worldwide, there is an urgent need for a new, effective, and affordable vaccine, especially for adults and adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries. A roadmap has been created to accelerate tuberculosis vaccine research and development through a participatory process. The vaccine pipeline needs to incorporate more diverse immunological approaches, antigens, and platforms. Clinical development can be expedited through validated preclinical models, agreed laboratory correlates of protection, efficient trial designs, and validated endpoints. The public health impact of new tuberculosis vaccines can be determined by understanding the demand for them in each country, integrating vaccine implementation with ongoing tuberculosis prevention efforts, considering cost, and stimulating vaccine production on a national and global scale. Investments in tuberculosis vaccine research and development should be increased, with diversification of funding sources and coordination between funders. Open science is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of tuberculosis vaccine research and development, including early and freely available publication of study findings, as well as effective mechanisms for sharing datasets and specimens. Increased engagement of industry vaccine developers, political commitment to new tuberculosis vaccines, and addressing stigma and vaccine hesitancy are also necessary. The rapid development and introduction of COVID-19 vaccines provide valuable insights for tuberculosis vaccine research and development.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ruvandhi R. Nathavitharana, Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro, Morten Ruhwald, Frank Cobelens, Grant Theron
Summary: Rapid and accurate sputum-free tests for tuberculosis diagnosis are urgently needed. Mid-to-early-stage technologies like AI-based automated digital chest X-radiography and capillary blood point-of-care assays are promising. Challenges include detecting paucibacillary TB and limitations of current reference standards.
Review
Respiratory System
Alberto L. Garcia-Basteiro, Richard G. White, Dereck Tait, Alexander C. Schmidt, Molebogeng X. Rangaka, Matthew Quaife, Elisa Nemes, Robin Mogg, Philip C. Hill, Rebecca C. Harris, Willem A. Hanekom, Mike Frick, Andrew Fiore-Gartland, Tom Evans, Alemnew F. Dagnew, Gavin Churchyard, Frank Cobelens, Marcel A. Behr, Mark Hatherill
Summary: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious cause of death globally and there is a urgent need for new and more effective adult and adolescent TB vaccines. The limited funding for vaccine development highlights the importance of efficient trial designs. Prevention of infection (POI) approaches offer an attractive opportunity to accelerate vaccine development, but current tools to measure TB infection end-points are imperfect.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
P. T. Pelzer, Y. Smit, E. W. Tiemersma, N. T. Huong, N. Nhung, F. Cobelens
Summary: This study found no significant association between BCG vaccination and M. tuberculosis infection prevalence in Vietnam, in contrast to similar studies conducted in other countries.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Hai Viet Nguyen, Hoa Binh Nguyen, Nhung Viet Nguyen, Frank Cobelens, Alyssa Finlay, Cu Huy Dao, Veriko Mirtskhulava, Philippe Glaziou, Huyen T. T. Pham, Petra de Haas, Edine Tiemersma
Summary: The national TB prevalence surveys conducted in Vietnam in 2007 and 2017 showed a 37% decrease in culture-positive TB prevalence and a 53% decrease in smear-positive TB prevalence. This suggests that using molecular methods for primary diagnostics may help improve diagnosis and lower TB burden further.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)