Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sanson T. S. Poon, Richard P. Nelson, Gavin A. L. Coleman
Summary: Observations have shown the existence of systems with hot Jupiters and smaller planetary companions. N-body simulations were used to examine the formation of such systems, with two different models leading to the formation of systems with hot Jupiters and super-Earths. Approximately 1% of simulations formed giant planets, and synthetic transit observations provided an occurrence rate similar to actual surveys.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tom O. Hands, R. Helled
Summary: The overabundance of alkali metals in the atmospheres of hot gas giants may be due to excess accretion of oxygen-poor, refractory-rich material from within the snow line. This phenomenon cannot be explained by in situ formation, but rather requires external formation followed by inward disc-driven migration.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Martin Blazek, Petr Kabath, Anjali A. A. Piette, Nikku Madhusudhan, Marek Skarka, Jan Subjak, David R. Anderson, Henri M. J. Boffin, Claudio C. Caceres, Neale P. Gibson, Sergio Hoyer, Valentin D. Ivanov, Patricio M. Rojo
Summary: Photometric observations of transiting exoplanets can provide important information on their thermal emission and albedos. In this study, we analyze photometric measurements of five hot Jupiters observed with TESS and derive constraints on their geometric albedos. We find that two of the hot Jupiters have particularly low albedos.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Caleb I. Canas, Suvrath Mahadevan, William D. Cochran, Chad F. Bender, Eric D. Feigelson, C. E. Harman, Ravi Kumar Kopparapu, Gabriel A. Caceres, Scott A. Diddams, Michael Endl, Eric B. Ford, Samuel Halverson, Fred Hearty, Sinclaire Jones, Shubham Kanodia, Andrea S. J. Lin, Andrew J. Metcalf, Andrew Monson, Joe P. Ninan, Lawrence W. Ramsey, Paul Robertson, Arpita Roy, Christian Schwab, Gudmundur Stefansson
Summary: This study validates the planetary nature of an ultra-short-period planet orbiting the M dwarf KOI-4777. The planet, KOI-4777.01, is the smallest validated ultra-short period planet known and no evidence of additional massive companions has been found.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Tianjun Gan, Sharon X. X. Wang, Songhu H. Wang, Shude Mao, Chelsea X. X. Huang, Karen A. A. Collins, Keivan G. G. Stassun, Avi Shporer, Wei Zhu, George R. R. Ricker, Roland Vanderspek, David W. W. Latham, Sara Seager, Joshua N. N. Winn, Jon M. M. Jenkins, Khalid Barkaoui, Alexander A. A. Belinski, David R. R. Ciardi, Phil Evans, Eric Girardin, Nataliia A. A. Maslennikova, Tsevi Mazeh, Aviad Panahi, Francisco J. J. Pozuelos, Don J. J. Radford, Richard P. P. Schwarz, Joseph D. D. Twicken, Anael Wuensche, Shay Zucker
Summary: We estimate the occurrence rate of hot Jupiters around early-type M dwarfs based on observations from TESS, and find a lower rate of 0.27% +/- 0.09%.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Kevin B. Stevenson, L. C. Mayorga, Kristin Showalter Sotzen, Erin M. May, Noam R. Izenberg, Kathleen Mandt
Summary: The study demonstrates that the PIE technique can effectively characterize the thermal structure and composition of exoplanets, allowing for the separation of stellar and planetary spectra observed with JWST, providing robust constraints without degeneracies. Combined broad wavelength coverage from different instruments can achieve precision comparable to traditional secondary eclipse measurements, although using only MIRI for observations may result in lower precision.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Q. Changeat, B. Edwards, A. F. Al-Refaie, A. Tsiaras, J. W. Skinner, J. Y. K. Cho, K. H. Yip, L. Anisman, M. Ikoma, M. F. Bieger, O. Venot, S. Shibata, I. P. Waldmann, G. Tinetti
Summary: This study analyzes spectroscopic and photometric data of 25 hot Jupiters obtained with the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes, and extracts robust trends in the thermal structure and chemical properties of these planets. Population-based studies of exoplanet atmospheres will be a key approach to understanding planet characteristics, formation, and evolution with the upcoming missions Twinkle, Ariel, and the James Webb Space Telescope.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
W. Doug Cameron, Peter Bernath
Summary: The TiO B-3 Pi - X-3 Delta electronic transition (gamma' system) is a significant source of opacity in the atmospheres of M dwarfs and hot Jupiter exoplanets. Analyzing the TiO emission spectrum, the 0-0, 1-0, and 2-1 bands of the B-3 Pi - X-3 Delta band system were studied, resulting in improved spectroscopic and equilibrium constants, as well as a new line list.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Giuseppe Morello, Tiziano Zingales, Marine Martin-Lagarde, Rene Gastaud, Pierre-Olivier Lagage
Summary: The occurrence of a planet transiting in front of its host star allows observation of the planet's atmosphere filtering starlight, revealing chemical species, haze, and clouds through transmission spectra. Technological advancements have increased measurement precision, but require a reassessment of approximations in astrophysical models.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Xian-Yu Wang, Yong-Hao Wang, Songhu Wang, Zhen-Yu Wu, Malena Rice, Xu Zhou, Tobias C. Hinse, Hui-Gen Liu, Bo Ma, Xiyan Peng, Hui Zhang, Cong Yu, Ji-Lin Zhou, Gregory Laughlin
Summary: The study presents 127 new transit light curves for 39 hot Jupiter systems, leading to significant improvements in physical and orbital parameters. The newly collected data allows for better accuracy in stellar and planetary radii determinations. The absence of resonant companion planets in hot Jupiter systems challenges conventional expectations from disk migration.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Samuel W. Yee, Joshua N. Winn
Summary: The probability of a Sun-like star having a close-orbiting giant planet increases with stellar metallicity. Previous research suggested that the period distribution of close-orbiting giant planets is also linked to metallicity. This study found no evidence for a dependence of the period distribution of hot Jupiters on host star metallicity.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
J. Polman, L. B. F. M. Waters, M. Min, Y. Miguel, N. Khorshid
Summary: In this paper, the abundances of sulphur-bearing species in hot Jupiter atmospheres are discussed, and their observability is explored. It is found that H2S and SO2 are the most likely species to be detected in the coming years with the JWST.
ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shota Miyazaki, Kento Masuda
Summary: We investigate the relationship between the occurrence rate of giant planets around Sun-like stars and the age, mass, and metallicity of the host stars. By using a Bayesian framework, we find evidence that the number of hot Jupiters decreases over time, while that of cold Jupiters remains constant.
ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Joshua D. Lothringer, Zafar Rustamkulov, David K. Sing, Neale P. Gibson, Jamie Wilson, Kevin C. Schlaufman
Summary: The study aims to use the current composition of exoplanets to understand their formation process, focusing on the measurement of refractory-to-volatile elemental abundance ratios and its implications for planet origins. By analyzing the refractory-to-volatile ratio, researchers can estimate a planet's atmospheric rock-to-ice fraction and constrain planet formation and migration scenarios. The paper discusses the potential for future research in measuring refractory-to-volatile ratios in ultra-hot Jupiters with the James Webb Space Telescope and combining observations at low and high resolution.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Maria E. Steinrueck, Tommi Koskinen, Panayotis Lavvas, Vivien Parmentier, Sebastian Zieba, Xianyu Tan, Xi Zhang, Laura Kreidberg
Summary: Photochemical hazes can explain the scattering slopes and muted spectral features observed in the transmission spectra of hot Jupiters. Their absorption and scattering can significantly affect the temperature structure and atmospheric circulation of these planets. The influence of haze radiative feedback depends on their optical properties, with different effects observed for different types of hazes. Further studies are needed to understand the role of hazes in exoplanetary atmospheres and to constrain their optical properties.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
W. Doug Cameron, Peter Bernath
Summary: The TiO B-3 Pi - X-3 Delta electronic transition (gamma' system) is a significant source of opacity in the atmospheres of M dwarfs and hot Jupiter exoplanets. Analyzing the TiO emission spectrum, the 0-0, 1-0, and 2-1 bands of the B-3 Pi - X-3 Delta band system were studied, resulting in improved spectroscopic and equilibrium constants, as well as a new line list.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Optics
I. E. Gordon, L. S. Rothman, R. J. Hargreaves, R. Hashemi, E. Karlovets, F. M. Skinner, E. K. Conway, C. Hill, R. Kochanov, Y. Tan, P. Wcislo, A. A. Finenko, K. Nelson, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, V Boudon, A. Campargue, K. Chance, A. Coustenis, B. J. Drouin, J-M Flaud, R. R. Gamache, J. T. Hodges, D. Jacquemart, E. J. Mlawer, A. Nikitin, V. Perevalov, M. Rotger, J. Tennyson, G. C. Toon, H. Tran, V. G. Tyuterev, E. M. Adkins, A. Baker, A. Barbe, E. Cane, A. G. Csaszar, A. Dudaryonok, O. Egorov, A. J. Fleisher, H. Fleurbaey, A. Foltynowicz, T. Furtenbacher, J. J. Harrison, J-M Hartmann, V-M Horneman, X. Huang, T. Karman, J. Karns, S. Kassi, I Kleiner, V Kofman, F. Kwabia-Tchana, N. N. Lavrentieva, T. J. Lee, D. A. Long, A. A. Lukashevskaya, O. M. Lyulin, V. Yu Makhnev, W. Matt, S. T. Massie, M. Melosso, S. N. Mikhailenko, D. Mondelain, H. S. P. Mueller, O. Naumenko, A. Perrin, O. L. Polyansky, E. Raddaoui, P. L. Raston, Z. D. Reed, M. Rey, C. Richard, R. Tobias, I Sadiek, D. W. Schwenke, E. Starikova, K. Sung, F. Tamassia, S. A. Tashkun, J. Vander Auwera, I. A. Vasilenko, A. A. Vigasin, G. L. Villanueva, B. Vispoel, G. Wagner, A. Yachmenev, S. N. Yurchenko
Summary: The HITRAN database is a valuable compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters used to predict and simulate light transmission and emission in gaseous media. The 2020 quadrennial edition of HITRAN incorporates recent experimental and theoretical data, with major updates to all five components for increased accuracy and coverage in atmospheric observations.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Edwin L. Sibert, Peter F. Bernath
Summary: We report and interpret high-resolution infrared spectra for the fundamentals of the CH2 scissors and CH stretches of gas phase cyclopentane. The frequencies, couplings, and linear dipoles of the stretching and scissor vibrations are calculated as functions of the pseudorotation angle. The simple vibration/pseudorotation Hamiltonians based on symmetrization of the vibrational basis sets show good agreement with the experiment at medium resolution but miss interesting line fractionation compared to the high-resolution spectra.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Susan Solomon, Kimberlee Dube, Kane Stone, Pengfei Yu, Doug Kinnison, Owen B. Toon, Susan E. Strahan, Karen H. Rosenlof, Robert Portmann, Sean Davis, William Randel, Peter Bernath, Chris Boone, Charles G. Bardeen, Adam Bourassa, Daniel Zawada, Doug Degenstein
Summary: In the 2019/20 austral summer, Australian wildfires emitted smoke into the stratosphere, leading to increased optical extinction in the midlatitudes of the southern hemisphere. The smoke, coated with sulfuric acid and water, caused a decrease in reactive nitrogen concentrations and had an impact on chlorine and reactive hydrogen species, potentially depleting the ozone layer. These findings suggest that if wildfire smoke injection into the stratosphere increases as the world warms, ozone recovery could be impeded.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter Bernath, Chris Boone, Jeff Crouse
Summary: Large wildfires release smoke and burning products into the mid-latitude stratosphere, causing significant perturbations in stratospheric gases and potentially affecting ozone chemistry.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Chris D. Boone, Peter F. Bernath, Keith Labelle, Jeff Crouse
Summary: The composition of stratospheric aerosols in the Arctic was evaluated using infrared aerosol spectra derived from Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment measurements following the June 2019 Raikoke volcanic eruption. The study found a persistent blanket of aerosols in the stratosphere over northern latitudes for many months, consisting almost exclusively of sulfates.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
J. T. Emmert, M. Jones, D. E. Siskind, D. P. Drob, J. M. Picone, M. H. Stevens, S. M. Bailey, S. Bender, P. F. Bernath, B. Funke, M. E. Hervig, K. Perot
Summary: In this study, an empirical model of nitric oxide number density was developed and evaluated against independent datasets. Biases between different datasets and models were examined, and comparisons were made with another empirical model.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Peter Bernath, Edwin L. Sibert III, Keith LaBelle, Jianbao Zhao, Brant Billinghurst
Summary: This passage describes the spectra of neopentane, 2,2-dimethylpropane, C(CH3)4, recorded in the 1200-1650 cm(-1) region by high resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy at the Canadian Light Source (CLS) and converted to absorption cross sections. The samples were at different temperatures and nitrogen pressure. The previously published cross sections in the CH stretching region were recalibrated and checked with additional spectra recorded in a broader frequency range. Local mode calculations were performed for the CH stretching modes, including interactions with the overtones of the CH2 scissor vibrations to achieve agreement with experimental results. (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Optics
Peter F. Bernath, Randika Dodangodage, Jianbao Zhao, Brant Billinghurst
Summary: Infrared absorption cross sections of propene were determined using high-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy with H2 and N2 as broadening gases, in the ranges of 2680-3220 cm-1 and 450-1250 cm-1 respectively. Propene has been measured in the planetary atmospheres of Earth and Titan, and may be detected in the giant planets using infrared spectroscopy.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Optics
Michael J. Lecours, Peter F. Bernath, Jason J. Sorensen, Chris Boone, Ryan M. Johnson, Keith LaBelle
Summary: Clouds and aerosols play a crucial role in Earth's climate. Monitoring polar mesospheric clouds, polar stratospheric clouds, and aerosols is valuable for studying climate change and atmospheric chemistry. The ACE satellite data provides an infrared spectral atlas of various clouds and aerosols, allowing for the modeling of their optical properties and the calculation of sunlight extinction.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Optics
Michael Lecours, Peter Bernath, Chris Boone, Jeff Crouse
Summary: Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) play a crucial role in polar ozone depletion. The study utilized the Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) on the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) satellite to record infrared transmittance spectra of PSCs and determine their composition and properties. The research identified PSCs as nitric acid trihydrate (NAT), supercooled nitric acid (SNA), supercooled ternary solutions (STS) of nitric and sulfuric acid, and ice. This classification is vital for understanding and modeling polar stratospheric ozone depletion.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Optics
P. Bernath, C. Boone, A. Pastorek, D. Cameron, M. Lecours
Summary: Large volcanic eruptions lead to the formation of sulfate aerosols in the stratosphere, which have long-lasting effects on climate and stratospheric chemistry. These aerosols cool the Earth's surface by reflecting sunlight back to space and heat the stratosphere by absorbing outgoing thermal radiation. However, the exact properties of sulfate aerosols are uncertain, causing errors in climate model predictions. A new empirical formula is derived to predict the composition of stratospheric sulfate aerosols from volcanic eruptions based on air temperature and water vapor pressure. By analyzing satellite measurements of infrared transmittance, the properties of volcanic aerosols in the stratosphere can be reliably predicted in atmospheric models. (c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
P. F. Bernath, R. Dodangodage, J. Lievin
Summary: This study analyzes the characteristics of LaO bands in the spectra of cool S-type stars and calculates spectroscopic constants and radiative lifetimes for the A(2)pi state. A line list for the LaO bands is provided, which can be used to determine the abundance of LaO in stars.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Optics
P. Bernath, D. Cameron
Summary: The TiO A3 & phi;-X3 & UDelta; electronic transition (& gamma; system) plays an important role in the opacity of M dwarf stars and hot Jupiter exoplanet atmospheres. The spectroscopic constants and line positions for the minor isotopologues 46TiO, 47TiO, 49TiO, and 50TiO in the 0-0 and 0-1 bands have been analyzed based on experimental data. A total of 8248 lines in the A3 & phi;-X3 & UDelta; transition, covering wavenumbers from 12,827 cm-1 to 14,172 cm-1 (780-706 nm) with J values from 1 to 70, have been fitted. The TiO emission spectrum used for analysis was recorded at the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope in Kitt Peak, Arizona.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Optics
P. Bernath, D. English, C. Boone, D. Cameron
Summary: Using ACE satellite data, the global patterns and seasonal trends of stratospheric NO2 and HNO3, including their 15N isotopes, have been investigated. The study reveals that different isotopes of NO2 and HNO3 exhibit variations in abundance at different latitudes and altitudes.
JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER
(2023)
