Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Simita Gaglani, Edgar Gonzalez-Kozlova, Dara J. Lundon, Ashutosh K. Tewari, Navneet Dogra, Natasha Kyprianou
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in non-invasive liquid biopsy for cancer detection, with exosomes having significant diagnostic value in prostate cancer and potential therapeutic applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Wendy W. Y. Choi, Catherine Sanchez, Jiao Jiao Li, Mojdeh Dinarvand, Hans Adomat, Mazyar Ghaffari, Leila Khoja, Fatemeh Vafaee, Anthony M. Joshua, Kim N. Chi, Emma S. Tomlinson Guns, Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
Summary: EV secreted from cancer cells, which carry distinct cellular components, could be potential markers for disease initiation, progression, and treatment response. The study found significant differences in the composition of EV derived from biological fluids of castration-resistant prostate cancer patients compared to healthy controls. Specific EV proteins common in both serum and urine samples of prostate cancer patients were identified, suggesting their potential as markers for prostate cancer.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Luigi Pasini, Michela Notarangelo, Alessandro Vagheggini, Marco Angelo Burgio, Lucio Crino, Elisa Chiadini, Andrea Iamurri Prochowski, Angelo Delmonte, Paola Ulivi, Vito Giuseppe D'Agostino
Summary: This study compared extracellular vesicle RNA as a source for multidimensional and longitudinal EGFR profiling in NSCLC patients and validated its effectiveness. The mutation analysis based on EV-RNA showed unprecedented sensitivity, and the resistance-associated mutation T790M was found to frequently pre-exist in patients.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Garima Jain, Parimal Das, Prashant Ranjan, Ferran Neha, Ferran Valderrama, Clara Cieza-Borrella
Summary: Prostate cancer is the second most common male cancer worldwide, with the highest incidence rates in Western Europe. However, the current gold standard for PCa diagnosis, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, is not considered reliable due to its lower sensitivity and poor predictive score. Therefore, there is a need to identify and validate new PCa biomarkers that can provide accurate diagnosis and prognosis. Researchers have explored various biomarkers such as miRNAs, mRNAs, small proteins, genomic rearrangements, and gene expression in body fluids and non-solid tissues. Although miRNAs in body fluids initially sparked interest, their potential as liquid biopsy biomarkers in PCa is still in its early stages compared to other established tools. In this review, the focus is on the analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) for the identification of miRNA-based PCa-specific biomarkers.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sun Shin, Yong Hyun Park, Seung-Hyun Jung, Sun-Hee Jang, Mee Young Kim, Ji Youl Lee, Yeun-Jun Chung
Summary: This study identified urinary exosomal miRNAs miR-21, miR-451, and miR-636 as potential markers for predicting metastasis in prostate cancer. A PCa-MRS model was developed based on these miRNAs, showing superior stratification power and significant association with biochemical recurrence-free survival.
NPJ GENOMIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Gurneet S. Sangha, Callie M. Weber, Ryan M. Sapp, Saini Setua, Kiruphagaran Thangaraju, Morgan Pettebone, Stephen C. Rogers, Allan Doctor, Paul W. Buehler, Alisa M. Clyne
Summary: This study investigated the generation and isolation of high concentrations of red blood cell extracellular vesicles (RBC-EVs) using shear stress and piezo1 ion channel stimulation. The results showed that treating RBCs at 6% hematocrit with 10 μM yoda1 for 30 min and isolating RBC-EVs via ultracentrifugation produced the highest yield and purity, and had consistent preparations. Furthermore, co-isolated contaminants in impure samples induced vasodilation in mouse carotid artery, while piezo1 RBC-EVs did not.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sara Baldassari, Alice Balboni, Giuliana Drava, Daniela Donghia, Paolo Canepa, Giorgia Ailuno, Gabriele Caviglioli
Summary: The majority of anticancer agents currently used are derived from plants, which are rich in natural compounds that exhibit antitumor activity. However, many of these molecules suffer from poor pharmacokinetics and limited specificity, which can be overcome by incorporating them into nanovehicles. Cell-derived nanovesicles have shown promise in targeted drug delivery, but their large-scale production and application in clinics are challenging. Bioinspired vesicles that combine cell-derived and artificial membranes have been developed as an alternative, showing flexibility and efficient drug delivery. This review highlights the recent advances in using these vesicles for targeted delivery of anticancer compounds from plants, focusing on vehicle manufacturing, characterization, and effectiveness evaluation through in vitro and in vivo assays. The outlook for these vesicles is promising in terms of efficient drug loading and selective targeting of tumor cells, suggesting future exciting developments.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hao Zhang, Gui-Yuan Zhang, Wei-Chao Su, Ya-Ting Chen, Yu-Feng Liu, Dong Wei, Yan-Xi Zhang, Qiu-Yi Tang, Yu-Xiang Liu, Shi-Zhi Wang, Wen-Chao Li, Anke Wesselius, Maurice P. Zeegers, Zi-Yu Zhang, Yan-Hong Gu, W. Andy Tao, Evan Yi-Wen Yu
Summary: This study demonstrates a translational workflow to identify EV proteins as molecular markers for improved clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer. By isolating urinary EVs and conducting mass spectrometry analysis, 18 EV proteins associated with prostate cancer were identified, and 3 of them were consistently upregulated. In addition, it was found that 6 of these EV proteins have been developed as drug targets, and protein-protein interactions were observed. Furthermore, the potential mechanistic pathways of these EV proteins were enriched in metabolic, immune, and inflammatory activities. Classification assessment showed that some of these EV proteins, along with age, prostate size, body mass index, and prostate-specific antigen, add predictable value in the clinical diagnosis of prostate cancer.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Cristina Catoni, Veronica Di Paolo, Elisabetta Rossi, Luigi Quintieri, Rita Zamarchi
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication, particularly in cancer, where they have been shown to have immunosuppressive effects and promote tumor progression. EVs are being researched as potential biomarkers for liquid biopsy, as well as drug delivery systems and targets for anticancer therapy.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Carla Fernanda Furtado Gardani, Eduardo Luiz Pedrazza, Victoria Santos Paz, Gabriele Goulart Zanirati, Jaderson Costa da Costa, Roberta Andrejew, Henning Ulrich, Juliete Nathali Scholl, Fabricio Figueiro, Liliana Rockenbach, Fernanda Bueno Morrone
Summary: This study investigated the expression of CD39 and CD73 enzymes in prostate cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets. The results showed higher levels of CD39 expression compared to CD73 in tissue samples and a correlation with Gleason score. In blood samples, CD39 expression in extracellular vesicles was significantly increased and positively correlated with ADP hydrolysis and Gleason score.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rui Miguel Marques Bernardino, Ricardo Leao, Rui Henrique, Luis Campos Pinheiro, Prashant Kumar, Prashanth Suravajhala, Hans Christian Beck, Ana Sofia Carvalho, Rune Matthiesen
Summary: The study explores possible strategies for urinary biomarker discovery, especially focused on proteome of urine EVs for PCa. Through reanalysis of proteomics data and network analysis, the findings suggest that urinary EVs may provide potential biomarkers with higher protein coverage compared to other sample sources and may fully characterize the heterogeneity of PCa.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Bajo-Santos, Agnese Brokane, Pawel Zayakin, Edgars Endzelins, Kristine Sobolevska, Alberts Belovs, Juris Jansons, Maris Sperga, Alicia Llorente, Ilze Radovica-Spalvina, Vilnis Lietuvietis, Aija Line
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a potential source of cancer-derived RNA biomarkers for cancer detection and monitoring. In this study, RNA sequencing analysis was performed on plasma and urinary EVs from prostate cancer patients to identify cancer-derived RNA biomarkers. The analysis revealed specific RNA biomarkers present in tumor tissues and pre-operation urinary EVs but not in post-operation urinary EVs or plasma EVs. These findings suggest that urinary EVs may be a more suitable source for detecting and tracking prostate cancer-derived RNAs.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rupa Haldavnekar, Krishnan Venkatakrishnan, Bo Tan
Summary: The translation describes the importance of liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis and how a new liquid biopsy using CSC EVs can provide a reliable solution. The research successfully demonstrated the molecular and functional profiling of CSC EVs using nanoengineered 3D sensors.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Qi Niu, Yun Shu, Yuanqiang Chen, Zhi Huang, Zhixian Yao, Xiaofeng Chen, Fanghe Lin, Jianzhou Feng, Chen Huang, Hua Wang, Hongming Ding, Chaoyong Yang, Lingling Wu
Summary: The study develops a microfluidic chip named FluidmagFace for efficient isolation, release, and protein profiling of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (T-EVs). The FluidmagFace increases affinity by 105-fold and improves isolation efficiency by 13.9% compared to a non-fluid interface. It minimizes contamination and increases sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. With the chip, T-EVs were detected in all tested cancer samples and differentially expressed proteins were identified compared to healthy controls. The FluidmagFace opens a new avenue for cancer diagnosis and biomarker discovery.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jelle Penders, Anika Nagelkerke, Eoghan M. Cunnane, Simon Pedersen, Isaac J. Pence, R. Charles Coombes, Molly M. Stevens
Summary: The study focuses on extracellular vesicles (EVs) and introduces a high-throughput label-free EV analysis method for cancer diagnosis and monitoring, eliminating interpreter bias. By developing a dedicated device and using dimensional reduction analysis (DRA), a convenient and comprehensive approach for comparing multiple EV spectra is demonstrated. The study shows the high sensitivity and specificity of the dedicated SPARTA system in differentiating cancer and noncancer EVs, and its consistent predictive ability across multiple EV isolations.
Article
Oncology
Farhad Ghasemi, Morgan Black, Frederick Vizeacoumar, Nicole Pinto, Kara M. Ruicci, Carson Cao Son Huu Le, Matthew R. Lowerison, Hon Sing Leong, John Yoo, Kevin Fung, Danielle MacNeil, David A. Palma, Eric Winquist, Joe S. Mymryk, Paul C. Boutros, Alessandro Datti, John W. Barrett, Anthony C. Nichols
Article
Oncology
Zhenqing Ye, Haidong Dong, Ying Li, Tao Ma, Haojie Huang, Hon Sing Leong, Jeanette Eckel-Passow, Jean-Pierre A. Kocher, Han Liang, Liguo Wang
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2018)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Richard B. Berish, Aymon N. Ali, Patrick G. Telmer, John A. Ronald, Hon S. Leong
NATURE REVIEWS UROLOGY
(2018)
Article
Oncology
Juan Tornin, Francisco Hermida-Prado, Ranjit Singh Padda, M. Victoria Gonzalez, Carlos Alvarez-Fernandez, Veronica Rey, Lucia Martinez-Cruzado, Oscar Estupinan, Sofia T. Menendez, Lucia Fernandez-Nevado, Aurora Astudillo, Juan P. Rodrigo, Fabrice Lucien, Yohan Kim, Hon S. Leong, Juana Maria Garcia-Pedrero, Rene Rodriguez
Article
Cell Biology
Sohrab N. Ali, Thamara K. Dayarathna, Aymon N. Ali, Tijani Osumah, Mohamed Ahmed, Tyler T. Cooper, Nicholas E. Power, Dongxing Zhang, Dajung Kim, Rachel Kim, Andre St Amant, Jinqiang Hou, Thomas Tailly, Jun Yang, Len Luyt, Paul A. Spagnuolo, Jeremy P. Burton, Hassan Razvi, Hon S. Leong
DISEASE MODELS & MECHANISMS
(2018)
Article
Hematology
Janice Gomes, Fabrice Lucien, Tyler T. Cooper, Yohan Kim, Karla C. Williams, XinYang Liao, Lauren Kaufman, Francois Lagugne-Labarthet, Oliver Kenyon, Justin Boysen, Neil E. Kay, Christopher W. McIntyre, Hon S. Leong
THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2018)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Brendan A. Daisley, Mark Trinder, Tim W. McDowell, Hylke Welle, Josh S. Dube, Sohrab N. Ali, Hon S. Leong, Mark W. Sumarah, Gregor Reid
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2017)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabrice Lucien, Hon S. Leong
BIOCHEMICAL SOCIETY TRANSACTIONS
(2019)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karla C. Williams, Mario A. Cepeda, Sumreen Javed, Karlee Searle, Katie M. Parkins, Ashley V. Makela, Amanda M. Hamilton, Sepideh Soukhtehzari, Yohan Kim, Alan B. Tuck, John A. Ronald, Paula J. Foster, Ann F. Chambers, Hon S. Leong
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicole Pinto, Stephenie D. Prokopec, Frederick Vizeacoumar, Karlee Searle, Matthew Lowerison, Kara M. Ruicci, John Yoo, Kevin Fung, Danielle MacNeil, Jim C. Lacefield, Hon S. Leong, Joe S. Mymryk, John W. Barrett, Alessandro Datti, Paul C. Boutros, Anthony C. Nichols
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ranjit S. Padda, Florence K. Deng, Sabine I. Brett, Colleen N. Biggs, Paul N. Durfee, Charles J. Brinker, Karla C. Williams, Hon S. Leong
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
France-Helene Joncas, Fabrice Lucien, Melanie Rouleau, Fannie Morin, Hon Sing Leong, Frederic Pouliot, Yves Fradet, Caroline Gilbert, Paul Toren
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kimberly S. Butler, C. Jeffrey Brinker, Hon Sing Leong
Summary: The avian embryo and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model provides a valuable in vivo preclinical platform for evaluating the behavior and performance of nanoparticles. It allows for the study of nanoparticle stability, distribution, and interactions at a cellular level, and can be used to accelerate the development of nanoparticle delivery and imaging agents.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yue Ying Yao, Dennis K. Lee, Stephanie Jarvi, Marjan Farshadi, Minzhi Sheng, Sara Mar, Ori Nevo, Hon S. Leong
Summary: The umbilical cord (UC) shows potential as an alternative graft option due to its immunological profile. The presence of HLA-E in the UC suggests its immunosuppressive properties, while the role of HLA-G remains unclear.
BIOENGINEERING-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Aruz Mesci, Xiaoyong Huang, Samira Taeb, Sahar Jahangiri, Yohan Kim, Emmanouil Fokas, Jeff Bruce, Hon S. Leong, Stanley K. Liu
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2017)