Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Joseph Paez Chavez, Karunia Putra Wijaya, Carla M. A. Pinto, Clara Burgos-Simon
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient production of insulin. This paper proposes a cell model to explain the development of T1D in HIV-infected individuals during immune restoration and antiretroviral therapy. The study verifies theoretical predictions through numerical simulations and establishes accurate parameter thresholds for effective disease treatment.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Borrajo Lopez, Maria Aranzazu Penedo, Tania Rivera-Baltanas, Daniel Perez-Rodriguez, David Alonso-Crespo, Carlos Fernandez-Pereira, Jose Manuel Olivares, Roberto Carlos Agis-Balboa
Summary: Current use of combined antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced deaths and comorbidities associated with HIV-1 infection, but cannot eliminate the virus from long-lived cellular reservoirs. Research on microglial cells as the primary target cells for HIV-1 in the CNS, and investigating the viral latency mechanisms and potential treatments, are important steps towards preventing and curing HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gilles Force, Idir Ghout, Jacques Ropers, Guislaine Carcelain, Dhiba Marigot-Outtandy, Valerie Hahn, Natacha Darchy, Helene Defferriere, Elodie Bouaziz-Amar, Robert Carlier, Karim Dorgham, Jacques Callebert, Gilles Peytavin, Constance Delaugerre, Pierre de Truchis
Summary: The study showed that intensifying ARV therapy with higher CNS penetration effectiveness scoring can lead to significant cognitive improvement in patients with HAND. Additionally, an increase in CD4 lymphocyte at week 48 and a decrease in plasma CXCL10 at week 96 were significantly associated with cognitive improvement.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yiwen Qian, Luoziyi Wang, Jing Jiang, Jinshan Suo, Huan Weng, Xin Che, Hongzhou Lu, Zhiliang Wang
Summary: Cytomegalovirus-immune recovery retinitis is a newly diagnosed ocular complication in HIV patients under effective antiretroviral therapy. The study suggests that antiretroviral therapy may accelerate the progression of cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with low CD4 cell counts.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Qingrong Zhang, Hu Wang, Yi Jin, Na Zhou, Lijun Sun, Hao Wu, Haitao Chen, Taiyi Jiang
Summary: This study examined the association of baseline clinical factors with the rate of HBsAg clearance in Chinese patients with HIV/HBV coinfection treated with combination antiretroviral therapy. The study found that long-term TDF-containing ART can lead to a HBsAg clearance rate of 7.2%. Advanced age, high CD4 cell count, and positive HBeAg at baseline could be potential predictors for HBsAg clearance.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Sophia Dahmani, Nicholas Kaliss, John W. VanMeter, David J. Moore, Ronald J. Ellis, Xiong Jiang
Summary: The study revealed that alterations in brain metabolites in people with HIV are primarily affected in the basal ganglia. While combination antiretroviral therapy can partially control neuroinflammation, neuronal dysfunction and neuroinflammation persist, contributing to cognitive impairment in chronic HIV infection.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ann Emery, Sarah B. Joseph, Ronald Swanstrom
Summary: The study found that despite optimal adherence to ART, some treatment-adherent patients still experience extended times of detectable viremia. This is due to clonally expanded T cells carrying HIV-1 proviruses with small deletions or mutations in the 5 '-leader, which affect viral RNA-splicing efficiency and packaging. These mutations result in the production of noninfectious virus particles without the required surface protein and mature capsid cone for cell entry and infectivity. This research enhances our understanding of nonsuppressible viremia and provides implications for improved care in individuals with this condition.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jun-Jie Xu, Meng-Jie Han, Yong-Jun Jiang, Hai-Bo Ding, Xi Li, Xiao-Xu Han, Fan Lv, Qing-Feng Chen, Zi-Ning Zhang, Hua-Lu Cui, Wen-Qing Geng, Jing Zhang, Qi Wang, Jing Kang, Xiao-Lin Li, Hong Sun, Ya-Jing Fu, Ming-Hui An, Qing-Hai Hu, Zhen-Xing Chu, Ying-Jie Liu, Hong Shang
Summary: China has made progress in combating HIV/AIDS, including measures such as legislation and widespread nucleic acid testing to prevent infections and providing free ART treatment. In the future, efforts should focus on controlling the spread through sexual transmission, closing the gap in identifying HIV cases, and ensuring the long-term effectiveness and safety of ART.
CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peter Vanes Ebasone, Nasheeta Peer, Anastase Dzudie, Andre Pascal Kengne
Summary: This protocol aims to estimate the global prevalence of selected cardiometabolic risk factors in ART-naive PLHIV and their association with HIV specific factors. The study will conduct a systematic search and analysis of observational studies to collect relevant data.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Stela Halichidis, Mariana Aschie, Georgeta Camelia Cozaru, Mihaela Manea, Nicolae Dobrin, Sabina E. Vlad, Elena Matei, Gabriela Izabela Baltatescu, Anca Florentina Mitroi, Mihai Catalin Rosu, Bogdan Florentin Nitu, Ghiulendan Resul, Anca Antonela Nicolau, Ana Maria Cretu, Anca Chisoi
Summary: The study aimed to determine the prevalence of CMV infection among women living with HIV in Southeastern Romania and to evaluate the correlation between antiretroviral therapy (ART) with CD4 level and CMV disease evolution. The results showed weak positive correlation between IgG CMV values and ART therapy length, and a negative statistically significant correlation with CD4 values. CMV avidity also had a negative correlation with CD4 value.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Virology
Osman N. Kanwugu, Parise Adadi
Summary: This review provides an overview of SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH, discussing whether HIV-infected individuals are at increased risk of COVID-19 and severe disease, as well as exploring the potential protective effects of antiretroviral therapy or HIV-related immunosuppression.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stephani C. Wang, Gurleen Kaur, Joshua Schulman-Marcus, Scott Purga, Sulagna Mookherjee, Cyndi Miller, Mandeep S. Sidhu, Robert S. Rosenson
Summary: The availability of highly effective antiretroviral therapies has reduced mortality in persons living with HIV, but has led to an increase in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and other chronic illnesses. Although there has been a decline in morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, studies continue to report higher rates of cardiovascular events among HIV patients. HIV has been identified as a risk enhancer for cardiovascular disease, but the utilization of cholesterol-lowering therapies remains low in this population. The use of statin therapy is complicated by drug-drug interactions and comorbidities associated with HIV.
CARDIOVASCULAR DRUGS AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yuta Hikichi, Rachel Van Duyne, Phuong Pham, Jennifer L. Groebner, Ann Wiegand, John W. Mellors, Mary F. Kearney, Eric O. Freed
Summary: The presence of mutations in the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) can lead to reduced susceptibility to multiple classes of antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and may contribute to virological failure in patients. The accumulation of Env mutations in individuals failing integrase inhibitor therapy suggests a possible mechanism for drug resistance development without mutations in target genes. Understanding how Env mutations affect drug resistance may influence therapeutic strategies for ARV-treated patients.
Review
Cell Biology
Ashley O. Otto, Christina G. Rivera, John D. Zeuli, Zelalem Temesgen
Summary: Contemporary antiretroviral agents provide enhanced potency and safety for HIV patients, although adverse drug reactions can still occur. This review categorizes antiretroviral agents based on their mechanism of action and discusses hepatoxicity seen in clinical literature. Summative overviews of hepatic adverse reactions associated with contemporary antiretroviral drugs are provided.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yuanyuan Zhang, Qianqian Yin, Ming Ni, Tingting Liu, Chen Wang, Chuan Song, Lingjie Liao, Hui Xing, Shibo Jiang, Yiming Shao, Chen Chen, Liying Ma
Summary: This study investigated the dynamics of intrahost HIV quasispecies diversity in patients on antiretroviral therapy and found that drug-resistance mutations accumulated faster in patients experiencing treatment failure. These results provide a novel insight into the persistence of HIV and development of drug-resistance mutations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kelsey C. Hewitt, David E. Marra, Cady Block, Lucette A. Cysique, Daniel L. Drane, Michelle M. Haddad, Emilia Lojek, Carrie R. McDonald, Anny Reyes, Kara Eversole, Dawn Bowers
Summary: This paper provides a critical review of the neurological complications of COVID-19, highlighting the broader effects of the virus on renal, vascular, and neurological body systems. While the question of cognitive deficits has not been extensively studied, neuropsychologists will undoubtedly play a crucial role in the future.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lucette A. Cysique, Emilia Lojek, Theodore Ching-Kong Cheung, Breda Cullen, Anna Rita Egbert, Jonathan Evans, Maite Garolera, Natalia Gawron, Hetta Gouse, Karolina Hansen, Pawel Holas, Sylwia Hyniewska, Ewa Malinowska, Bernice A. Marcopulos, Tricia L. Merkley, Jose A. Munoz-Moreno, Clare Ramsden, Christian Salas, Sietske A. M. Sikkes, Ana Rita Silva, Imane Zouhar
Summary: The study proposed a set of internationally harmonized procedures and methods for assessing neurocognitive functions, smell, taste, mental, and psychosocial health in adults with COVID-19. Three levels of harmonization were suggested, including screening, medium-sized assessment, and comprehensive evaluation, each with specific contexts and guidance outlined.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
David Jakabek, Caroline D. Rae, Bruce J. Brew, Lucette A. Cysique
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the contributions of HIV infection, age, and cardiovascular risk factors to subcortical brain atrophy in PWH. The results showed that HIV infection was associated with smaller volumes of most subcortical structures, older PWH had a more rapid decline in caudate volumes, and cardiovascular risk factors were associated with smaller volumes and a more rapid decline in striatal volumes.
Article
Nursing
Maede S. Etesami, Deborah L. Jones, Vahid Sadeghi-Firoozabadi, Ladan Abbasian, Morteza Ghayomzadeh, Minoo Mohraz, David E. Vance, Lucette A. Cysique, Mojtaba Habibi Asgarabad
Summary: The prevalence rate of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) among Iranian people living with HIV (PLWH) was found to be around 57.14%, significantly higher than the rate of 19.05% among adults living without HIV. Except for visual memory and selective attention, global neurocognitive performance and all cognitive domains were significantly different between the PLWH and non-HIV groups. This study suggests the need for a strategy to screen Iranian PLWH for NCI, as the prevalence rate in Iran is similar to that reported globally.
JANAC-JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF NURSES IN AIDS CARE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Bruce J. Brew
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Htein Linn Aung, Thomas M. Gates, Limin Mao, Bruce J. Brew, Sean B. Rourke, Lucette A. Cysique
Summary: Through the integration of data from two longitudinal studies, it was found that age has a significant impact on neurocognitive impairment in people with HIV, with the risk of NCI increasing as age increases. Additionally, factors such as nonwhite ethnicity, comorbidities, severity of cognitive symptoms, abnormal creatinine level, and plasma viral load greater than 200 copies/ml were also associated with an increased risk of NCI.
Article
Oncology
Janette L. Vardy, Gregory R. Pond, Lucette A. Cysique, Thomas M. Gates, Jim Lagopoulos, Corrinne Renton, Louise M. Waite, Ian F. Tannock, Haryana M. Dhillon
Summary: There was no difference in cognitive capacity and function between CRC survivors and controls 6-12 years after diagnosis. Differences in neuroimaging require confirmation in a larger sample.
SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiaoying Yu, Judith D. D. Lobo, Erin Sundermann, Darren J. J. Baker, Russell P. P. Tracy, George A. A. Kuchel, Kathryn E. E. Stephenson, Scott L. L. Letendre, Bruce Brew, Lucette A. A. Cysique, Sannisha K. K. Dale, Chelsie Wallen, Ken M. M. Kunisaki, Giovanni Guaraldi, Jovana Milic, Alan Winston, David J. J. Moore, Joseph B. B. Margolick, Kristine M. M. Erlandson
Summary: This article summarizes the key oral presentations from the 12th Annual International Workshop on HIV and Aging, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities of HIV and aging research under the COVID-19 pandemic. The workshop enriched our understanding of HIV and aging, identified the impact of COVID-19 on HIV communities, and offered future research directions.
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Monokesh K. K. Sen, Md Jakir Hossain, David A. A. Mahns, Bruce J. Brew
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex and unpredictable neuroinflammatory disease. Identifying a reliable biomarker to predict disease progression and guide treatment decisions is imperative. Recent studies have suggested that the protein serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) could be an ideal prognostic biomarker for MS. However, unresolved factors currently prevent its routine clinical use. This review critiques these findings and highlights areas for further research to facilitate the use of sNfL as a prognostic biomarker in MS management.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Htein Linn Aung, Mark Bloch, Trina Vincent, Limin Mao, Bruce J. Brew, Lucette A. Cysique
Summary: This study aims to assess the incidence rate of non-HIV age-related neurological disorders among PLHIV and found that older PLHIV had a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and combined ARC. However, non-HIV age-related neurological disorders are uncommon in older PLHIV.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kazuo Suzuki, John Zaunders, Thomas M. Gates, Angelique Levert, Shannen Butterly, Zhixin Liu, Takaomi Ishida, Sarah Palmer, Caroline D. Rae, Lauriane Juge, Lucette A. Cysique, Bruce J. Brew
Summary: This study investigated the association between elevated HIV-1 RNA transcripts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells and brain injury in people living with HIV-1 infection. The findings suggest that the cellular source of these transcripts is likely memory CD4(+) T cells from blood rather than trafficking monocytes. Future research should focus on inhibitors of this transcription to reduce potential neurotoxic and inflammatory viral products.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Bruce Brew, Steven G. Faux, Elizabeth Blanchard
Summary: This study aims to assess the accuracy of a novel smartwatch algorithm for fall detection and identifies factors influencing its effectiveness. The results show that the sensitivity of the smartwatch app for falls is 77% with an accuracy of 89%. Falls are more likely to be detected if they occur on the same side as the wrist with the smartwatch, but the influence of smartwatch brands and operating systems on sensitivity did not reach statistical significance.
JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kurt Lancaster, Ying Xu, Greg Savage, Lucette A. Cysique, Ruth Peters
Summary: This systematic review found that there is currently insufficient evidence and mixed study quality regarding the impact of high blood pressure in early life on cognitive performance. More research is needed to evaluate the potential relationship between high blood pressure and poorer cognition in early life.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN CHRONIC DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fintan Thompson, Linton R. Harriss, Sarah Russell, Sean Taylor, Lucette A. Cysique, Edward Strivens, Paul Maruff, Robyn McDermott
Summary: Type 2 Diabetes has a subtle negative impact on cognition, particularly on working memory, in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander residents of the Torres Strait. Further research is needed to explore the potential factors affecting cognitive function in diabetic populations, particularly among younger age groups.
ENDOCRINOLOGY DIABETES & METABOLISM
(2022)