Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lingyu Shi, Zongyi Wang, Yujiao Li, Zheng Song, Wu Yin, Bing Hu
Summary: This study reveals the critical role of chd7 in oligodendrocyte migration and myelination in zebrafish, potentially associated with CHARGE syndrome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Young Rae Jo, Hye Ran Kim, So Young Jang, Hana Go, Min-Young Song, Da Kyeong Park, Yuna Oh, Juyeon Jo, Yoon Kyung Shin, Sung Joong Lee, Sang-Myung Cheon, Hyun Kyoung Lee, Kyung Eun Lee, Young Hye Kim, Hwan Tae Park
Summary: The study found that a large population of central neurons are derived from Cnp-expressing neuroglial stem cells; conditional gene targeting using the Cnp promoter, known to be OL-specific, can induce neuron-autonomous phenotypes.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Christina Dimovasili, Ashley E. Fair, Isabella R. Garza, Katelyn Batterman, Farzad Mortazavi, Tara L. Moore, Douglas L. Rosene
Summary: Age-associated cognitive decline is common among healthy elderly individuals. This study found that white matter loss and myelin damage are strongly associated with this decline. The regenerative capacity of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) is reduced in aging, leading to impaired myelin production and remyelination. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining optimal myelin regeneration for preserving cognitive function in aging.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Assia Tiane, Melissa Schepers, Renzo Riemens, Ben Rombaut, Patrick Vandormael, Veerle Somers, Jos Prickaerts, Niels Hellings, Daniel van den Hove, Tim Vanmierlo
Summary: In this study, researchers identified Id2 and Id4 as targets of DNA methylation during the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Using CRISPR technology, they confirmed that methylation of Id2/Id4 could drive cell differentiation. Furthermore, they found alterations in methylation and gene expression levels of these genes in multiple sclerosis patients compared to controls.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jan Spaas, Lieve van Veggel, Melissa Schepers, Assia Tiane, Jack van Horssen, David M. Wilson, Pablo R. Moya, Elisabeth Piccart, Niels Hellings, Bert O. Eijnde, Wim Derave, Rudy Schreiber, Tim Vanmierlo
Summary: Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) play a crucial role in various neurodegenerative disorders, with oxidative/carbonyl stress potentially impacting their differentiation and function, contributing to disease progression. Investigating how oxidative/carbonyl stress disrupts OPC differentiation may offer new directions for therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative disorders.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Tomohiro Torii, Tomohiro Miyasaka, Hiroaki Misonou
Summary: This review article discusses the presence of tau in oligodendrocytes and its potential impact on oligodendrocyte function. The study shows that the expression levels of tau significantly change in hypomyelination models and in demyelination regions.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ning Li, Min Yao, Jiaxin Liu, Zhiyuan Zhu, Tsz-Lung Lam, Pingde Zhang, Karrie Mei-Yee Kiang, Gilberto Ka-Kit Leung
Summary: The study showed that VitD treatment improved hindlimb movement in rats post-TSCI, but those with prior deficiency did not benefit. Maintaining sufficient VitD levels was essential for preserving myelin integrity after injury.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Irena Smaga
Summary: This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of myelin-related changes in depression, as well as the relationship among maternal malnutrition, myelination, and depression. The findings suggest that myelin alterations play a significant role in the development of depression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruyi Mei, Wanwan Qiu, Yingying Yang, Siyu Xu, Yueyu Rao, Qingxin Li, Yuhao Luo, Hao Huang, Aifen Yang, Huaping Tao, Mengsheng Qiu, Xiaofeng Zhao
Summary: This study reveals that Ddr1 is selectively upregulated in newly differentiated oligodendrocytes in the early postnatal CNS and plays a crucial role in oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Ddr1 deficiency leads to compromised axonal myelination and motor dysfunction, activating the ERK pathway in the CNS. Additionally, Ddr1 is important for myelin repair after lysolecithin-induced demyelination. Overall, this study sheds light on the role of Ddr1 in myelin development and repair in the CNS and provides a novel target for treating demyelinating diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Shuang-Ling Wu, Bin Yu, Yong-Jie Cheng, Shu-Yu Ren, Fei Wang, Lan Xiao, Jing-Fei Chen, Feng Mei
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of aggregated amyloid beta-protein (Aβ). Recent evidence suggests that inadequate myelinogenesis plays a role in AD-related functional deficits. The relationship between Aβ and myelinogenesis in AD brains, however, remains unclear.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Sui Sawaguchi, Mizuki Goto, Yukino Kato, Marina Tanaka, Kenji Tago, Hiroaki Oizumi, Katsuya Ohbuchi, Kazushige Mizoguchi, Yuki Miyamoto, Junji Yamauchi
Summary: PMD, also known as HLD1, is an X-linked recessive disease affecting the CNS, while HLD15 is an autosomal recessive disease affecting the EPRS1 gene. Mutant EPRS1 proteins associated with HLD15 modulate Rab7 signaling to inhibit cell morphological differentiation.
Review
Neurosciences
Minkyung Kang, Yao Yao
Summary: Oligodendrocytes are crucial cells in the central nervous system responsible for myelinating axons and supporting the function of neurons. The function and development of oligodendrocytes are tightly regulated by various molecules, with laminin playing a significant role in processes such as survival, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and myelination. Understanding the specific molecular targets and signaling pathways in oligodendrocyte biology may have implications for therapeutic interventions in demyelinating diseases.
Article
Neurosciences
He Wang, Mengjia Liu, Zhuoyang Ye, Cuihua Zhou, Huiru Bi, Long Wang, Chen Zhang, Hui Fu, Ying Shen, Jian-Jun Yang, Yimin Hu, Guiquan Chen
Summary: This study reveals that the phosphorylation of FoxO1 by Akt plays a critical role in Sox10 expression and OL differentiation. Deletion of all three Akt isoforms leads to downregulation of Sox10, and mutant FoxO1 inhibits Sox10 promoter activity.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Matthew Swire, Peggy Assinck, Peter A. McNaughton, David A. Lyons, Charles Ffrench-Constant, Matthew R. Livesey
Summary: HCN2 ion channels play a key role in regulating myelin sheath length in the central nervous system. Pharmacological blockade or genetic knockout of HCN2 can affect myelin sheath length, highlighting their importance in the relationship between neuronal activity and myelin formation.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kristin D. Dahl, Adam R. Almeida, Hannah A. Hathaway, Jennifer Bourne, Tanya L. Brown, Lisbet T. Finseth, Teresa L. Wood, Wendy B. Macklin
Summary: In the Central Nervous System (CNS), oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes that generate myelin, crucial for normal nervous system function. This study focused on the role of mTORC2 signaling in OPCs using PDGFRa-Cre X Rictorfl/fl mice. Loss of mTORC2 in OPCs led to early reduction in myelin RNAs and proteins, with more severe hypomyelination and increased unmyelinated axons observed in the corpus callosum compared to the spinal cord. The study revealed regionally specific effects of mTORC2 signaling in OPCs, particularly in the corpus callosum.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria L. Elkjaer, Arkadiusz Nawrocki, Tim Kacprowski, Pernille Lassen, Anja Hviid Simonsen, Romain Marignier, Tobias Sejbaek, Helle H. Nielsen, Lene Wermuth, Alyaa Yakut Rashid, Peter Hogh, Finn Sellebjerg, Richard Reynolds, Jan Baumbach, Martin R. Larsen, Zsolt Illes
Summary: Using proteomic approaches, 8 proteins were found to differentiate multiple sclerosis subtypes, with secondary progressive MS showing the largest difference from controls. The genes of these proteins were also present in MS brain lesions, suggesting potential biomarkers for differentiation.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ynn van Olst, Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda, Carmen Picon, Svenja Kiljan, Rachel E. James, Alwin Kamermans, Susanne M. A. van der Pol, Lydian Knoop, Iliana Michailidou, Evelien Drost, Marc Franssen, Geert J. Schenk, Jeroen J. G. Geurts, Sandra Amor, Nicholas D. Mazarakis, Jack van Horssen, Helga E. de Vries, Richard Reynolds, Maarten E. Witte
Summary: The study identified two distinct microglial populations, MS1 and MS2, in the cortex of progressive MS patients, which differentially associate with neurodegeneration. Results suggest that microglia may initially protect neurons from meningeal inflammation-induced cell death by regulating synaptic location and phagocytosis, but over time, this protective property may be lost.
ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Matteo Pardini, J. William L. Brown, Roberta Magliozzi, Richard Reynolds, Declan T. Chard
Summary: While multiple sclerosis can affect any part of the CNS, it does not do so evenly. Lesions tend to occur around the ventricles in white matter, and mainly in the outermost cortex in grey matter. Neuronal loss is greater in the outermost layers of cortical grey matter, with the most severe abnormalities near the ventricular surface. The cause of these gradients remains uncertain, but factors released from meningeal inflammation into the CSF may play a role.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Qing Wang, Yuqi Luo, K. Ray Chaudhuri, Richard Reynolds, Eng-King Tan, Sven Pettersson
Summary: Parkinson's disease patients show unique changes in gut microbiota, which may serve as early biomarkers of the disease. The alterations in gut microbiota composition may be related to the cause and symptoms of Parkinson's disease, but the specific mechanisms remain unclear. The microbiota-gut-brain axis provides a new pathway for understanding the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.
Article
Neurosciences
Haitao Tu, Zhi Wei Zhang, Lifeng Qiu, Yuning Lin, Mei Jiang, Sook-Yoong Chia, Yanfei Wei, Adeline S. L. Ng, Richard Reynolds, Eng-King Tan, Li Zeng
Summary: By systematically studying a series of AD and PD pathogenesis markers, as well as mitochondria, mitophagy, and neuroinflammation-related indicators, researchers have identified a set of signature proteins that can help understand the pathology and etiology of PDD and DLB at the molecular level. These findings provide valuable insights into distinguishing between PDD and DLB based on protein markers.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Benjamin J. Cooze, Matthew Dickerson, Rukshikah Loganathan, Lewis M. Watkins, Ethan Grounds, Ben R. Pearson, Ryan Jack Bevan, B. Paul Morgan, Roberta Magliozzi, Richard Reynolds, James W. Neal, Owain W. Howell
Summary: The extent of grey matter demyelination and neurodegeneration in the progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) brains is associated with more severe disease. The thalamus in PMS is invariably affected by demyelination and has a higher proportion of active inflammatory lesions compared to forebrain cortical tissue. Thalamic neuronal loss is correlated with white matter pathology in other forebrain areas and disease duration and age of death.
Review
Neurosciences
Anusha Jayaraman, Richard Reynolds
Summary: Necroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death pathway, plays a significant role in Alzheimer's disease by involving multiple molecular mechanisms that interact and contribute to cellular vulnerability at different disease stages. Targeting these diverse pathways for therapeutic intervention remains a challenge due to their complex synergistic or inhibitory effects on each other.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Roberta Magliozzi, Giulia Fadda, Robert A. Brown, Amit Bar-Or, Owain W. Howell, Simon Hametner, Damiano Marastoni, Alberto Poli, Richard Nicholas, Massimiliano Calabrese, Salvatore Monaco, Richard Reynolds
Summary: Leptomeningeal and perivenular infiltrates play important roles in cortical grey matter damage and disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study investigated the potential gradient of damage in deep grey matter nuclei and found substantial subependymal-in gradient of neuro-axonal loss and microglia activation in active thalamic lesions of progressive MS cases. The presence of increased leptomeningeal and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammation was associated with the altered graded pathology and more severe disease progression.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Rachel E. James Bates, Eleanor Browne, Renee Schalks, Heather Jacobs, Li Tan, Puja Parekh, Roberta Magliozzi, Massimiliano Calabrese, Nicholas D. Mazarakis, Richard Reynolds
Summary: This study suggests that persistent increased levels of lymphotoxin-alpha in the cerebral meninges can lead to the formation of lymphoid-like structures and subsequent neurodegenerative and demyelinating pathology, similar to that seen in the progressive multiple sclerosis brain.
Article
Immunology
Maria L. Elkjaer, Lukas Simon, Tobias Frisch, Lisa-Marie Bente, Tim Kacprowski, Mads Thomassen, Richard Reynolds, Jan Baumbach, Richard Roettger, Zsolt Illes
Summary: Infectious agents have been implicated in the development of neurological diseases due to their interaction with genetic susceptibility and the environment. The role of bacteria in central nervous system autoimmunity has been highlighted by changes in the gut microbiota of patients with diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and multiple sclerosis, emphasizing the importance of the gut-brain axis. This article discusses the hypothesis of a brain microbiota, known as BrainBiota, which refers to bacteria living in symbiosis with brain cells. Evidence suggests the presence of various bacteria in the human brain, including morphological evidence, bacterial proteins, metabolites, transcripts, and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. The authors propose that these bacteria are integral to brain development, immune tolerance, and are directly linked to the gut microbiome. They also suggest that changes in the BrainBiota during brain diseases may be either a consequence or a cause of chronic inflammation, similar to the gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qing Wang, Jialing Zheng, Sven Pettersson, Richard Reynolds, Eng-King Tan
Summary: The neurovascular unit (NVU) consists of vascular cells, glial cells, and neurons. It plays an important role in maintaining the microenvironment homeostasis and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Disruption of the NVU and interactions among its components are involved in the pathophysiology of synucleinopathies, characterized by pathological accumulation of α-synuclein. Neuroinflammation contributes to the pathophysiology of synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. This review summarizes the neuroinflammatory response of glial cells and vascular cells in the NVU, as well as the cross-talk between different cell types within the NVU and the influence of α-synuclein on neuroinflammation and disease progression.
Review
Immunology
Joseph D. Quick, Cristian Silva, Jia Hui Wong, Kah Leong Lim, Richard Reynolds, Anna M. Barron, Jialiu Zeng, Chih Hung Lo
Summary: Microglia are innate immune cells in the brain that play a crucial role in immune responses and defense in the central nervous system. They are responsible for phagocytic and autophagic clearance of waste and toxic proteins, relying on lysosomal acidification. Impaired lysosomal acidification in microglia leads to dysfunction and neurodegeneration, while reacidification can reverse neurodegenerative pathology.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Roberta Magliozzi, Owain W. Howell, Massimiliano Calabrese, Richard Reynolds
Summary: Growing evidence suggests a central role for meningeal inflammation in driving multiple sclerosis (MS) pathology. The subarachnoid space and associated meningeal spaces play important roles in the entry and diffusion of immune cells and molecules into the brain tissue. Chronic meningeal inflammation is associated with a more severe clinical course of MS.
NATURE REVIEWS NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
B. Cooze, I. Farkas, Y. Leung, H. Yadanar, K. Gerhards, D. Gveric, R. Nicholas, J. W. Neal, D. R. Owen, R. Reynolds, O. W. Howell
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Patrick Vanderdonckt, Francesca Aloisi, Giancarlo Comi, Alexander de Bruyn, Hans-Peter Hartung, Inge Huitinga, Tanja Kuhlmann, Claudia F. Lucchinetti, Imke Metz, Richard Reynolds, Hans Lassmann
Summary: The article discusses the significance of brain tissues in multiple sclerosis research and suggests ways to increase the availability of suitable material. The authors propose methods to increase tissue donation and the creation of a registry for accessible tissues.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
