Clostridium difficile Toxins: Mediators of Inflammation

Super toxins from a super bug: structure and function ofClostridium difficiletoxins

(2011) Abigail H. Davies et al.   BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL

Risk Factors for Mortality Following Emergency Colectomy for Fulminant Clostridium difficile Infection

(2011) Jacques Pepin et al.   DISEASES OF THE COLON & RECTUM

Binding of Clostridium difficile toxins to human milk oligosaccharides

(2011) Amr El-Hawiet et al.   GLYCOBIOLOGY

Membrane Translocation of Binary Actin-ADP-Ribosylating Toxins from Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens Is Facilitated by Cyclophilin A and Hsp90

(2011) Eva Kaiser et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Toll-Like Receptor 5 Stimulation Protects Mice from AcuteClostridium difficileColitis

(2011) Irene Jarchum et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Cholesterol- and Sphingolipid-rich Microdomains Are Essential for Microtubule-based Membrane Protrusions Induced byClostridium difficileTransferase (CDT)

(2011) Carsten Schwan et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

The host immune response to Clostridium difficile

(2011) C. P. Kelly et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Structural determinants for membrane insertion, pore formation and translocation of Clostridium difficile toxin B

(2011) Selda Genisyuerek et al.   MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY

Host S-nitrosylation inhibits clostridial small molecule–activated glucosylating toxins

(2011) Tor C Savidge et al.   NATURE MEDICINE

Defining an allosteric circuit in the cysteine protease domain of Clostridium difficile toxins

(2011) Aimee Shen et al.   NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

The Repetitive Oligopeptide Sequences Modulate Cytopathic Potency but Are Not Crucial for Cellular Uptake of Clostridium difficile Toxin A

(2011) Alexandra Olling et al.   PLoS One

Biology of Clostridium difficile: Implications for Epidemiology and Diagnosis

(2010) Carroll Karen C. et al.   Annual Review of Microbiology

Rational Design of Inhibitors and Activity-Based Probes Targeting Clostridium difficile Virulence Factor TcdB

(2010) Aaron W. Puri et al.   CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY

Management ofClostridium difficileInfection: Thinking Inside and Outside the Box

(2010) Dale N. Gerding et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Clostridium difficile Toxin–Induced Inflammation and Intestinal Injury Are Mediated by the Inflammasome

(2010) Jeffrey Ng et al.   GASTROENTEROLOGY

Clostridium difficileToxin A Decreases Acetylation of Tubulin, Leading to Microtubule Depolymerization through Activation of Histone Deacetylase 6, and This Mediates Acute Inflammation

(2010) Hyo Jung Nam et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Allosteric regulation of protease activity by small molecules

(2010) Aimee Shen   Molecular BioSystems

The role of toxin A and toxin B in Clostridium difficile infection

(2010) Sarah A. Kuehne et al.   NATURE

Autoproteolytic cleavage mediates cytotoxicity of Clostridium difficile toxin A

(2010) Isa Kreimeyer et al.   NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERGS ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY

Clostridial Glucosylating Toxins Enter Cells via Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis

(2010) Panagiotis Papatheodorou et al.   PLoS One

Structural organization of the functional domains of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B

(2010) R. N. Pruitt et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Identification of a conserved membrane localization domain within numerous large bacterial protein toxins

(2010) B. Geissler et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Expression, purification and cell cytotoxicity of actin-modifying binary toxin from Clostridium difficile

(2010) Amit Sundriyal et al.   PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION

Caspase-1 Activation via Rho GTPases: A Common Theme in Mucosal Infections?

(2010) Andreas J. Müller et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Variations in TcdB Activity and the Hypervirulence of Emerging Strains of Clostridium difficile

(2010) Jordi M. Lanis et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Inositol Hexakisphosphate-Induced Autoprocessing of Large Bacterial Protein Toxins

(2010) Martina Egerer et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Antibiotic Treatment of Clostridium difficile Carrier Mice Triggers a Supershedder State, Spore-Mediated Transmission, and Severe Disease in Immunocompromised Hosts

(2009) T. D. Lawley et al.   INFECTION AND IMMUNITY

Structural Basis for Substrate Recognition in the Enzymatic Component of ADP-ribosyltransferase Toxin CDTa fromClostridium difficile

(2009) Amit Sundriyal et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

Structure-Function Analysis of Inositol Hexakisphosphate-induced Autoprocessing inClostridium difficileToxin A

(2009) Rory N. Pruitt et al.   JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY

The ClosTron: Mutagenesis in Clostridium refined and streamlined

(2009) John T. Heap et al.   JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS

Toxin B is essential for virulence of Clostridium difficile

(2009) Dena Lyras et al.   NATURE

Mechanistic and structural insights into the proteolytic activation of Vibrio cholerae MARTX toxin

(2009) Aimee Shen et al.   Nature Chemical Biology

Clostridium difficile infection: new developments in epidemiology and pathogenesis

(2009) Maja Rupnik et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY

MEROPS: the peptidase database

(2009) Neil D. Rawlings et al.   NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH

Trapping Moving Targets with Small Molecules

(2009) G. M. Lee et al.   SCIENCE

Clostridium difficile Toxin CDT Induces Formation of Microtubule-Based Protrusions and Increases Adherence of Bacteria

(2009) Carsten Schwan et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Comparative genome and phenotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile 027 strains provides insight into the evolution of a hypervirulent bacterium

(2009) Richard A Stabler et al.   GENOME BIOLOGY

Functional properties of the carboxy-terminal host cell-binding domains of the two toxins, TcdA and TcdB, expressed by Clostridium difficile

(2008) T. Dingle et al.   GLYCOBIOLOGY

Inflammasomes: guardians of cytosolic sanctity

(2008) Mohamed Lamkanfi et al.   IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS

Increased Sporulation Rate of Epidemic Clostridium difficile Type 027/NAP1

(2008) T. Akerlund et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Comparative analysis of BI/NAP1/027 hypervirulent strains reveals novel toxin B-encoding gene (tcdB) sequences

(2008) R. A. Stabler et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Glucosylation of Rho GTPases by Clostridium difficile toxin A triggers apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells

(2008) R. Gerhard et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Mammalian Rho GTPases: new insights into their functions from in vivo studies

(2008) Sarah J. Heasman et al.   NATURE REVIEWS MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY

Structure and mode of action of clostridial glucosylating toxins: the ABCD model

(2008) Thomas Jank et al.   TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY