Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gimena Fernandez, Pablo N. De Francesco, Maria P. Cornejo, Agustina Cabral, Julieta P. Aguggia, Victor J. Duque, Nilufer Sayar, Sonia Cantel, Juan Burgos, Jean-Alain Fehrentz, Rodrigo Rorato, Deniz Atasoy, Andre S. Mecawi, Mario Perello
Summary: This study provides neuroanatomical and functional characterization of the neuronal types mediating ghrelin actions in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The results suggest that ghrelin mainly acts on neurons expressing nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1), and can increase c-Fos expression and phosphorylation of NOS1 in the paraventricular nucleus. Systemically injected ghrelin at a high dose increases ghrelin levels in cerebrospinal fluid and induces activation of a subset of NOS1 neurons in the paraventricular nucleus. Inhibition of nitric oxide production impairs ghrelin-induced calcium increase in corticotropin-releasing hormone neurons and partially impairs the increase of plasma glucocorticoid levels. These findings suggest that ghrelin can directly target specific neurons in the paraventricular nucleus involved in the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal neuroendocrine axis.
Article
Neurosciences
Rachel Chudoba, Joanna Dabrowska
Summary: Defensive behaviors in response to threats are common across the animal kingdom. Different populations of CRF neurons in the CeA and BNST play divergent but complementary roles in mediating defensive responses, such as vigilance, avoidance, and active escape. Understanding the contributions of specific CRF neurons is important for understanding their dysregulation in fear and anxiety disorders.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mauro Chivite, Rosa M. Ceinos, Jose M. Cerda-Reverter, Jose L. Soengas, Manuel Aldegunde, Marcos A. Lopez-Patino, Jesus M. Miguez
Summary: This study investigated changes in brain serotonin content, activity, and hypothalamic neuropeptide mRNA abundance during feeding time in rainbow trout, as well as the effects of fasting. The results showed that serotonin increased during feeding and remained elevated during the postprandial period. This increase was associated with higher levels of pomca1 mRNA, suggesting that serotonin may promote satiety by acting on neuropeptides. However, further research is needed to better understand the interaction between serotonin and brain centers involved in processing food-related signals.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amber L. Alhadeff
Summary: The coordination between the gut and the brain is crucial for appropriate food intake, with gastrointestinal signals influencing neural activity and feeding behavior. Recent research has advanced our understanding of gut-brain signaling and food intake control, leading to potential new treatment strategies for diseases related to body weight control.
Article
Fisheries
Sara Comesan, Cristina Velasco, Jose L. Soengas
Summary: Results from an in vitro study suggest that rainbow trout hypothalamus responds to changes in leucine levels in a similar way to in vivo observations, activating amino acid sensing systems and GCN2 kinase. However, the activation of mTOR signaling pathway by leucine observed in vivo appears to be indirect, potentially due to the lack of connections between hypothalamus and other brain areas or changes in hormone levels such as insulin.
Article
Neurosciences
Lucas Barretto-de-Souza, Ricardo Benini, Lilian L. Reis-Silva, Carlos C. Crestani
Summary: The study found that CRFergic neurotransmission in the LH facilitates tachycardia observed during aversive threats through activation of CRF1 receptors, without affecting pressor and tail skin temperature responses. Additionally, LH CRFergic neurotransmission is involved in the tonic maintenance of cardiovascular function.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Raoni Conceicao dos-Santos, Brook L. W. Sweeten, Claire E. Stelly, Jeffrey G. Tasker
Summary: Stress has effects on the nervous system at different signaling levels and time scales. Glucocorticoids, the main effectors of stress plasticity, act on multiple receptor subtypes in different cellular compartments, leading to changes in synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability. This review focuses on the rapid actions of acute stress-induced glucocorticoids in modulating synaptic and intrinsic neuronal properties. The stress-related brain structures, such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex, exhibit synaptic plasticity in response to single or short-term stress exposure.
Article
Biology
Cristina Velasco, Marta Conde-Sieira, Sara Comesana, Mauro Chivite, Jesus M. Miguez, Jose L. Soengas
Summary: In this study using rainbow trout as a model, the G protein-coupled receptors GPR84 and GPR119 were investigated for their roles in food intake regulation. The treatment with agonists for these receptors induced an anorectic response in the fish, leading to changes in mRNA abundance of neuropeptides and related transcription factors. These changes were associated with phosphorylation status of FOXO1, AMPKa, and Akt, as well as signaling pathways related to PLC beta and IP3.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zsolt Bagosi, Kira Megyesi, Jazmin Ayman, Hanna Rudersdorf, Maieda Khan Ayaz, Krisztina Csabafi
Summary: Since the discovery of CRF and CRF-related peptides, their involvement in various aspects of social behavior in rodents has been investigated. The CRF system consists of different ligands, receptors, and binding proteins, and plays a crucial role in neuroendocrine regulation and stress responses. The experiments reviewed in this study highlight the importance of CRF and the urocortins in social behavior, including sociability, social novelty preference, social recognition, discrimination, and memory, as well as the involvement of specific brain regions and pathways. However, differences in species, strains, and sexes make it challenging to translate these findings to humans.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hongyun Zhang, Ziying Wang, Guangqiang Wang, Xin Song, Yangyang Qian, Zhuan Liao, Li Sui, Lianzhong Ai, Yongjun Xia
Summary: Long-term exposure to psychological stress caused by adverse life events can negatively affect physical health and increase the risk of psychological illnesses. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) plays a key role in the stress response and can disrupt the gastrointestinal system, leading to gut microbiota dysbiosis and functional gastrointestinal diseases. CRF also triggers immune responses, affects intestinal stem cell differentiation, and damages the intestinal epithelial barrier, resulting in increased permeability and bacterial translocation. The gut microbiota interacts with stress, and probiotics and the Mediterranean diet can alleviate the negative effects of stress on the gut and microbiota.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Lanfei He, Xuefei Zhang, Zhiwei Li, Peng Xiao, Ziming Wei, Xu Cheng, Shaocheng Qu
Summary: This paper proposes a progressive multitype feature fusion model to recognize Chinese named entity from unstructured maintenance records for power primary equipment. The model analyzes the textual characteristics and word separation difficulties, selects key entity categories, and trains the model using labeled maintenance records. The model utilizes deep learning methods to extract contextual information and achieves effective results through comparative experiments.
Article
Neurosciences
Hannah M. Baumgartner, Jay Schulkin, Kent C. Berridge
Summary: Activation of CRF neurons in the CeA and NAc enhances incentive motivation and promotes reward pursuit and consumption, while activation of CRF neurons in the BNST produces negative valence and aversive effects, suppressing the pursuit and consumption of rewards.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Xiangsheng Zhang, Chaokai Huang, Yuhang Yang, Xiangkai Li, Chen Guo, Zheng Yang, Shichao Xie, Jiaxiang Luo, Tingting Zhu, Wenli Zhao, Min Jin, Qicun Zhou
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary corn starch levels on glucose metabolic responses in Portunus trituberculatus. The results showed that the glucose concentration in hemolymph was affected by corn starch levels and sampling time. Enzyme activities and gene expressions related to glucose metabolism were also influenced.
AQUACULTURE NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Xia Lv, Zhong Xie, Dexin Xu, Xiangguo Jin, Kai Ma, Liufeng Tao, Qinjun Qiu, Yongsheng Pan
Summary: Geological named entity recognition is crucial in information extraction and knowledge discovery. The proposed BERT-BiGRU-CRF model is specifically designed to address linguistic irregularities in geological text, offering an alternative approach for further study.
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Adrian Diaz-Rua, Mauro Chivite, Cristina Velasco, Sara Comesana, Jose L. Soengas, Marta Conde-Sieira
Summary: This study evaluated the main components of the cannabinoid system related to feeding conditions in fish. The results suggest a potential role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of food intake in fish, but further research is needed.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Adrian Diaz-Rua, Mauro Chivite, Cristina Velasco, Sara Comesana, Jose L. Soengas, Marta Conde-Sieira
Summary: This study evaluated the main components of the cannabinoid system related to feeding conditions in fish. The results suggest a potential role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of food intake in fish, but further research is needed.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nuria Saiz, Lisbeth Herrera-Castillo, Esther Isorna, Maria Jesus Delgado, Marta Conde-Sieira, Jose Luis Soengas, Nuria de Pedro
Summary: This study demonstrates, for the first time in fish, the effects of REV-ERB alpha activation via SR9009, promoting a negative energy balance by reducing energetic inputs and regulating lipid and glucose metabolism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Adrian Diaz-Rua, Mauro Chivite, Sara Comesana, Marta Conde-Sieira, Jose L. Soengas
Summary: We investigated the role of the opioid system in the regulation of food intake in rainbow trout. Our results suggest that the opioid system is not critical for the homeostatic regulation of food intake, but it may play a role in the hedonic regulation.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Antia Verde, Jesus M. Miguez, Mercedes Gallardo
Summary: The role of melatonin during the growth and ripening of apple fruit was studied using local varieties. It was found that melatonin stimulates fruit ripening through the induction of ethylene synthesis, and melatonin treatments before ripening improve the final fruit quality.
Article
Fisheries
Ana Basto, Luisa M. P. Valente, Jose L. Soengas, Marta Conde-Sieira
Summary: Understanding the regulation of food intake in fish is crucial for formulating aquafeeds. This study evaluated the short- and mid-term response of European sea bass fed diets with partial and total fishmeal replacement by defatted Tenebrio molitor larvae meal (dTM). The results showed that dTM replacement did not affect food intake regulation in sea bass, but may lead to long-term changes in intermediary metabolism.
Article
Fisheries
Sara Comesana, Mauro Chivite, Ayelen M. Blanco, Maria Alborja-Valado, Jessica Calo, Marta Conde-Sieira, Jose L. Soengas
Summary: This study clarifies the importance of mTOR in the central orexigenic effect of valine in fish. The activation of mTOR is associated with increased feed intake levels, but the precise mechanisms are still unclear.
AQUACULTURE NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Jessica Calo, Marta Conde-Sieira, Sara Comesana, Jose L. Soengas, Ayelen M. Blanco
Summary: This study demonstrates the presence of a gut-brain axis in fish, as different types and lengths of fatty acids impact feed intake and appetite-regulatory centers in rainbow trout. The findings have important implications for aquaculture due to variations in fatty acid composition in aquafeeds.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mauro Chivite, Sara Comesana, Jessica Calo, Jose L. Soengas, Marta Conde-Sieira
Summary: This study demonstrated the presence of a rewarding response mediated by the endocannabinoid system (ECs) in rainbow trout fed a lipid-enriched diet. The agonists of ECs had a bimodal effect on feed intake, and the involvement of specific receptors of ECs in this response was assessed using receptor antagonists.
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Jessica Calo, Jose L. Soengas, Jose J. Pastor, Ayelen M. Blanco, Sofia Morais
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the amino acid sensing capacity and hormone production in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of rainbow trout in response to proline, fishmeal amino acids, and fishmeal aqueous extract. The results showed that the presence of proline in the GIT led to changes in amino acid sensing systems and hormone production, especially in the proximal regions, accompanied by anorectic response in the hypothalamus. Both the fishmeal aqueous extract and the fishmeal amino acids induced anorectic responses in the hypothalamus, accompanied by increased production of anorectic hormones in the intestine.
Article
Fisheries
F. Lai, S. Comesana, A. S. Gomes, D. Flatejord, I. Tolas, M. Espe, C. De Santis, M. B. Hartviksen, T. Verri, J. L. Soengas, I. Ronnestad
Summary: This study found that high leucine diets reduce feed intake, growth, and hepatosomatic index in Atlantic salmon. It was also found that high leucine diets activate amino acid sensing mechanisms in the brain, which further affects the expression of genes related to appetite control.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jessica Calo, Sara Comesana, Angel L. Alonso-Gomez, Jose L. Soengas, Ayelen M. Blanco
Summary: This study provides the first evidence of fatty acid sensing mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish and identifies differences in these mechanisms between rainbow trout and mammals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nuria Saiz, Cristina Velasco, Nuria de Pedro, Jose Luis Soengas, Esther Isorna
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential role of insulin as an intake signal mediating liver entrainment in fish. The experiments showed that the presence of insulin directly increased the abundance of per1a and per2 transcripts in the fish liver. It was found that the involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway is crucial for insulin-mediated liver entrainment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alejandra Godino-Gimeno, Per-Ove Thornqvist, Mauro Chivite, Jesus M. Miguez, Svante Winberg, Jose Miguel Cerda-Reverter
Summary: In the past decade, the zebrafish has become an important model organism for studying behavior, neurological disorders, and metabolic diseases. This study used the zebrafish model to investigate how obesity induced by overfeeding affects emotional and cognitive processes. The results showed that obesity impaired short-term memory in zebrafish, but had no effect on anxiety-like behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ana Basto, Luisa M. P. Valente, Vera Sousa, Marta Conde-Sieira, Jose L. Soengas
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of partial and total fishmeal replacement by insect meal on intermediary metabolism of European sea bass. The results showed that the selected insect meal can replace 50% of fishmeal without adversely affecting liver health or intermediary metabolism. However, total fishmeal replacement may compromise fish health in the long-term.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)