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Chemistry, Physical
Mizuki Takenaka, Sachi Takenaka, Tatjana Barthel, Brody Frink, Sascha Haag, Daniil Verbitskiy, Bastian Oldenkott, Mareike Schallenberg-Rudinger, Christian G. Feiler, Manfred S. Weiss, Gottfried J. Palm, Gert Weber
Summary: RNA editosomes selectively deaminate cytidines to uridines to restore protein functionality in plant organellar transcripts; DYW domains contain a cytidine deaminase fold and a C-terminal DYW motif, regulated by a gated zinc shutter in the deaminase fold.
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Farazul Haque, Tasuku Honjo, Nasim A. Begum
Summary: The transcriptional coactivator Med12 plays a crucial role in gene expression regulation through its kinase module. However, this study reveals a kinase module-independent function of Med12 in class switch recombination (CSR). Med12 collaborates with p300-Jmjd6/Carm1 coactivator complexes to activate super-enhancers, and its loss impairs H3K27 acetylation and eRNA transcription, resulting in defects in AID-induced DNA breaks, S-S synapse formation, and 3' RR-E mu interaction. The study also demonstrates the importance of 3' RR-derived eRNAs in promoting S region epigenetic regulation, synapse formation, and the recruitment of Med12 and AID. Furthermore, mutations in Med12 associated with XLID syndrome affect both 3' RR eRNA transcription and CSR, suggesting cell-specific dysfunctions of super-enhancers in B and neuronal cells. In conclusion, Med12 is crucial for the activation of IgH 3' RR and eRNA transcription, and plays a central role in AID-induced antibody gene diversification and genomic instability in B cells.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanmei Luo, Jin Li, Yuliang Zong, Mengxin Sun, Wan Zheng, Jiapeng Zhu, Liu Liu, Bing Liu
Summary: This study identifies a potent SHP2 allosteric inhibitor and provides insights into its structure-activity relationship through comparison of co-crystal structures. These results have implications for understanding the mode of action and designing other allosteric inhibitors of SHP2.
JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
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Chemistry, Physical
Jiae Wu, Chang Liu, Hao Zhang, Zhaofei Ge, Hanyu Tu, Wentao Deng, Hongshuai Hou, Xiaobo Ji
Summary: The addition of electronegative nitrogen and sulfur-codoped carbon dots (NSCDs) as an electrolyte additive showed significant improvement in the electrochemical performance of aqueous zinc-ion batteries, enhancing their stability and efficiency.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akinori Kidera, Kei Moritsugu, Toru Ekimoto, Mitsunori Ikeguchi
Summary: This study highlights the potential therapeutic target of SARS-CoV-2 3CL(pro) for COVID-19 and analyzes its dynamic regulation. By examining the crystal structure ensemble, the motion characteristics of loops like C-loop and ligand binding sites were identified, as well as the impact of the T285A mutation on conformation.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
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Immunology
Lesly Calderon, Karina Schindler, Stephen G. Malin, Alexandra Schebesta, Qiong Sun, Tanja Schwickert, Chiara Alberti, Maria Fischer, Markus Jaritz, Hiromi Tagoh, Anja Ebert, Martina Minnich, Adrian Liston, Luisa Cochella, Meinrad Busslinger
Summary: Pax5 plays a crucial role in mature B cells by inhibiting PTEN protein expression, which promotes differentiation and survival of B cells, thereby enhancing humoral immunity.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
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Cell Biology
Marc Descatoire, Remi Fritzen, Samuel Rotman, Genevieve Kuntzelman, Xavier Charles Leber, Stephanie Droz-Georget, Adrian J. Thrasher, Elisabetta Traggiai, Fabio Candotti
Summary: A main feature of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is increased susceptibility to autoimmunity, with WAS protein playing a key role in controlling peripheral tolerance in germinal center B cells, leading to the development of self-reactive antibodies and kidney pathology.
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Immunology
Amanda Bello, Antonia Mueller, Gianna Hirth, Liane N. Giebeler, Katrin Boettcher, Stefanie Voigt, Berit Jungnickel
Summary: Secondary Ig diversification in B cells requires the enzyme activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) to introduce DNA damage into Ig genes. The regulation of this process is important to prevent lymphomagenesis. This study investigated the cell cycle contribution to the regulation of somatic hypermutation, class switch recombination, and Ig gene conversion in B cells. The results show that AID activity in G1 phase is essential for efficient secondary Ig diversification mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valeria Conforte, Lisandro Horacio Otero, Laila Toum, Serena Sirigu, Giuliano Tomas Antelo, Jimena Rinaldi, Sabrina Foscaldi, Sebastian Klinke, Leonard Michel Gabriel Chavas, Adrian Alberto Vojnov, Fernando Alberto Goldbaum, Florencia Malamud, Hernan Ruy Bonomi
Summary: The study reveals that variants affecting the XccBphP photocycle have an impact on xanthan production and stomatal aperture in the bacterial signaling pathway. These findings suggest a novel approach where the Pr state of XccBphP acts as a negative regulator of virulence mechanisms in Xcc.
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Crystallography
Jisub Hwang, Hackwon Do, Youn-Soo Shim, Jun Hyuck Lee
Summary: The crystal structure of Burkholderiaceae sp. SFGH (BuSFGH) was determined, revealing a typical alpha/beta hydrolase fold and a stable dimer form. BuSFGH showed high activity and specificity towards p-nitrophenyl esters. Molecular modeling studies identified crucial residues involved in substrate binding. These findings provide insights into the substrate-binding mechanism and substrate specificity of BuSFGH, and could guide the design of modified BuSFGHs with different substrate specificities.
Review
Plant Sciences
Jibril Lubega, Saima Umbreen, Gary J. Loake
Summary: S-nitrosylation is a key regulatory post-translational modification controlling the plant immune response by regulating the activities of proteins such as GSNO and GSNOR1, thereby affecting processes like antioxidant defense and selective autophagy.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
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Chemistry, Physical
Youzhi Li, Michel Nguyen, Laure Vendier, Anne Robert, Yan Liu, Bernard Meunier
Summary: TDMQ chelators have been designed as drug-candidates for regulating copper homeostasis and reducing oxidative stress in the brain of Alzheimer's patients. By studying the correlation between the structures and physicochemical properties of Cu- and Zn-TDMQ complexes, it helps to select the most promising drug-candidates for further biological studies.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE
(2022)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeremy D. Osko, Nicholas J. Porter, Christophe Decroos, Matthew S. Lee, Paris R. Watson, Sarah E. Raible, Ian D. Krantz, Matthew A. Deardorff, David W. Christianson
Summary: CdLS and associated spectrum disorders are characterized by congenital anomalies and linked to defects in the protein complex cohesin, with missense mutations in HDAC8 identified in children diagnosed with CdLS. The structure-function relationships of four mutations in HDAC8 have been outlined, shedding light on the importance of long-range interactions in the protein scaffold that can influence catalytic function.
JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
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Neurosciences
Enjiang Wu, Jilin Zhang, Jiwei Zhang, Shujia Zhu
Summary: NMDARs, belonging to iGluRs superfamily, play a crucial role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. The advancement in structure elucidation of NMDARs provides valuable insights for drug design and treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christian Krintel, Jerzy Dorosz, Andreas Haahr Larsen, Thor Seneca Thorsen, Raminta Venskutonyte, Osman Mirza, Michael Gajhede, Thomas Boesen, Jette Sandholm Kastrup
Summary: Ionotropic glutamate receptors are key channels in neurotransmission in the central nervous system, with various antagonists including competitive and noncompetitive types. Research shows that different antagonists have varying effects on receptor forms, primarily dependent on the ligand bound in the glutamate binding site.
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Cell Biology
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
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