Article
Physics, Applied
Eiji Kusano
Summary: The discharge characteristics of Mg-CF4 DC and RF magnetron sputtering were investigated, revealing the impact of different CF4/(Ar + CF4) ratios on plasma potential and electron temperature. Moreover, a high negative-ion/electron ratio was observed for high CF4/(Ar + CF4) ratios.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Phitsanu Poolcharuansin, Artit Chingsungnoen, Nitisak Pasaja, Mati Horprathum, James W. Bradley
Summary: The magnetic-filtering probe is used to measure the flux of negative oxygen ions in a dc reactive magnetron discharge, showing effectiveness in oxide mode of Ti-Ar/O-2 magnetron sputtering discharge. The probe can be used as a real-time diagnostic tool to monitor the sputtered O- flux and oxide state of the target surface.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
M. Rudolph, N. Brenning, H. Hajihoseini, M. A. Raadu, J. Fischer, J. T. Gudmundsson, D. Lundin
Summary: Magnetron sputtering combines glow discharge with target sputtering and discusses ways to limit the detrimental effect of target erosion on the film deposition process. Maintaining a constant peak discharge current is recommended for HiPIMS discharges.
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Alif Din
Summary: The need for negative hydrogen ion sources for heating in future fusion devices demands a full investigation of its production and interaction with plasma. In this study, a one-dimensional collisionless kinetic model is developed to investigate the interaction between emitted negative ions and the plasma sheath. The authors analyze the influence of surface-produced negative ions on sheath structures and observe the formation of potential well and inverse sheath at high and very high emitted negative ion temperatures, respectively. They also discuss the inverse sheath solutions for floating and current-carrying negative ion-emitting electrode/grid.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Chao Yue, Yuxuan Li, Lynn Kistler, Qianli Ma, Haobo Fu, Geoffrey D. Reeves, Xuzhi Zhou, Qiugang Zong, Harlan E. Spence
Summary: In this study, the properties of background cold ions were statistically investigated based on Van Allen Probe observations. It was found that the cold ions could often be detected near the dusk sector and exhibited a clear dawn-dusk asymmetry with plasmaspheric plume-like structures. The location of the plasmapause boundary for cold proton ions moved toward the Earth as geomagnetic activity increased, similar to cold electrons. Our results also revealed changes in ion compositions with increasing geomagnetic activity, with increased percentage of oxygen and decreased percentage of protons.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Yoshinobu Matsuda, Koki Watanabe, Shoma Uzunoe, Tomohiro Furusato
Summary: The energy distribution function of negative ions incident on the substrate during magnetron sputtering of a metal-doped zinc oxide target was investigated using a homemade retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) with a magnetic field region. The introduction of a cross-field region in front of the RFEA injection aperture effectively suppressed the inflow of bulk electrons while leaving the negative ions emitted from the oxide target unaffected. The results showed that the negative ions mainly originated from the target erosion area and had energies equivalent to the applied voltage.
JAPANESE JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
M. Renner, J. Fischer, H. Hajihoseini, J. T. Gudmundsson, M. Rudolph, D. Lundin
Summary: The angular dependence of deposition rates in HiPIMS with a titanium target has been experimentally determined. The rates depend on the argon gas pressure, discharge current density, and pulse length. The total deposition rate exhibits a heart-shaped profile, with the peak ionized flux fraction on the discharge axis. This pattern is amplified at higher current densities and reduced at higher gas pressures. Low gas pressure is confirmed to be beneficial for achieving high deposition rates and high ionized flux fractions in HiPIMS operation.
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Longjia Yan, Dan Li, Yi Le, Ping Dong, Li Liu
Summary: Fluoride detection is crucial for environmental monitoring and disease screening. Small molecule fluorescent probes have gained rapid development in recent years due to their high efficiency, selectivity, and low cost. In this study, a novel phenothiazine-based fluorescent probe PHT was designed and synthesized for the quick detection of fluoride ions. PHT exhibited a response time of only 1 minute and a detection limit of 1.3 ppb. Furthermore, PHT showed a stoke shift of around 140 nm, which surpassed previous reports. Finally, the PHT probe was successfully utilized for HepG2 imaging and detection of biological samples with endemic disease.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Lei Xia, Yan Zhao, Xi Zhang, Yangbo Qiu, Jiahui Shao, Raf Dewil, Bart Van der Bruggen, Xing Yang
Summary: This study proposes a new design strategy for ion exchange membranes, utilizing ionic control strategy and ZIF framework to enhance the transport and separation of target ions. Experimental results demonstrate that the S@ZIF-AMX membrane significantly improves the separation efficiency and permselectivity of PO43-/Cl- and SO42-/Cl- in electrodialysis.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Heng Li, Xin Zhang, Yuhong Xu, Guangjiu Lei, Katsuyoshi Tsumori, Mitsutaka Isobe, Akihiro Shimizu, Zilin Cui, Yiqin Zhu, Jun Hu, Yuxiang Ni, Shaofei Geng, Haifeng Liu, Xianqu Wang, Jie Huang, Hai Liu, Jun Cheng, Changjian Tang
Summary: The work function of cesium deposition and co-deposition with electronegative elements on the plasma grid was studied using first-principles calculations. It was found that the minimum work functions were achieved at partial monolayers for pure cesium deposition on Mo (110), W (110), and Mo (112). An appropriate co-deposition model with cesium and electronegative elements further decreased the work function. The F-Cs co-deposition model showed the lowest work function, where the Cs and F atoms were aligned along the surface normal.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. Depla
Summary: This paper discusses the impact of negative oxygen ions on film properties during reactive sputtering. Despite numerous studies on the subject, quantification is often lacking due to limited knowledge of negative ion yield for various oxides. The compilation of multiple literature sources provides a quantitative framework for the discussed trends.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN SOLID STATE AND MATERIALS SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
I. S. Park, T. Lho, I. J. Kang, S. H. Lee, K. -S Chung
Summary: The effect of negative ions on the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) of plasma was studied by comparing the electron energies of pure argon and mixed gas (Ar + O-2) plasmas. The EEDFs were measured using an electric probe, along with other plasma parameters. The study found that increasing the oxygen flow rate led to a decrease in both EEDF and electron temperature, while the ratio of electron density to ion density increased.
JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Amine Assel, Meagan M. Stanley, Rashid Mia, Besma Boulila, Peter J. Cragg, Iyanuoluwani Owolabie, Meredith Hetrick, Alex Flynt, Karl J. Wallace, Hichem Ben Jannet
Summary: Two quinidine-functionalized coumarin molecular probes have been synthesized to bind metal cations with high affinity. The probes exhibit fluorescence turn-on upon coordination with the metal ions and can be monitored using confocal microscopy. This research is significant for metal ion detection in cells.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Edyta Budzynska, Izabela Wolanska, Jaroslaw Puton
Summary: The presented work focuses on the impact of ionization mechanisms on detection sensitivity in negative-mode ion mobility spectrometry. The research was conducted on selected organic analytes using DT IMS in the negative mode of operation. Two ionization mechanisms, electron capture and ion-molecule reactions, can be used in the negative mode of detection depending on the carrier gas. The experiments were carried out using air and nitrogen as carrier gases, allowing for a comparison of the ionization mechanisms. The study also investigated the effect of oxygen and water admixtures in carrier gases on the detection efficiency of selected organic compounds.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yongxin Li, Yaoling Zhang, Min Wang, Daojiong Wang, Kai Chen, Pengcheng Lin, Yushu Ge, Weisheng Liu, Jiang Wu
Summary: This study successfully developed a peptide fluorescence probe TP-2, which can selectively and sensitively detect Hg2+ with high sensitivity, high cell permeability, and low biotoxicity, allowing for live cell imaging in complex biological environments.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)