Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Tamagno, Michela Guglielmotto, Valeria Vasciaveo, Massimo Tabaton
Summary: The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease involves the accumulation of beta amyloid and vulnerability of the brain to oxidative stress, which are linked to each other. It is difficult to determine which comes first, Aβ or oxidative stress. Evidence suggests that oxidative stress occurs early in the development of Alzheimer's disease and plays a crucial role in the manifestation of clinical and pathological symptoms.
Article
Biology
Ankita Srivastava, Maryann Johnson, Heather A. Renna, Katie M. Sheehan, Saba Ahmed, Thomas Palaia, Aaron Pinkhasov, Irving H. Gomolin, Joshua De Leon, Allison B. Reiss
Summary: P110, a peptide that inhibits mitochondrial fission, has shown neuroprotective effects in Alzheimer's disease by maintaining mitochondrial function and attenuating amyloid-beta generation. Cell culture studies revealed that P110 increased the expression of genes related to AD, while reducing the protein levels of APP and BACE1.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ratnakar Jadhav, Yogesh A. Kulkarni
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by progressive loss of memory and cognitive dysfunction, particularly in older individuals. The prevalence of the disease has increased due to the global aging population. Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease have limited efficacy and adverse effects. Recent research suggests that natural products, such as baicalein, could be potential treatment options for Alzheimer's disease. Baicalein, a flavonoid from the flavone subclass, has shown neuroprotective properties through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, AChE enzyme inhibitory, and anti-amyloid protein aggregation activities.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrila E. Collins, Tarek M. Saleh, Bettina E. Kalisch
Summary: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is estimated to double by 2040. Current treatments do not address the underlying causes of the disease, but research suggests that antioxidants may help mitigate oxidative stress. Recent studies have focused on natural antioxidants as potential preventatives and treatments for neurodegenerative conditions associated with oxidative stress.
Article
Immunology
Liu Yang, Huimin Zhou, Lei Huang, Yong Su, Liangliang Kong, Pengmin Ji, Ran Sun, Chao Wang, Weiping Li, Weizu Li
Summary: Chronic glucocorticoid exposure can accelerate neuronal damage and beta-amyloid production by activating oxidative stress and NLRP1 inflammasome, leading to the deterioration of Alzheimer's disease. Inhibition of NLRP1 inflammasome may be an important strategy in improving chronic glucocorticoid-induced neuronal injury.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruifeng Zhang, Miao Zeng, Xiaolu Zhang, Yujia Zheng, Nuan Lv, Luming Wang, Jiali Gan, Yawen Li, Xijuan Jiang, Lin Yang
Summary: Saponins, specifically ginsenoside Rg1 and pseudoginsenoside-F11, show the most promise in treating Alzheimer's disease by reducing amyloid beta peptide deposition, inhibiting tau phosphorylation, modulating oxidative stress, reducing inflammation, and antiapoptosis. This review provides a comprehensive summary and classification of common saponins studied for their therapeutic potential in Alzheimer's disease, showcasing their underlying mechanisms.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gong Peng, Ming Li, Zhaoli Meng
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a devastating disease with no disease-modified treatment discovered yet. Recent studies have shown that polysaccharides potentially have benefits in alleviating the pathological damage and improving cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer's disease, but further research is needed.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin Chen, Santosh Pandit, Lei Shi, Vaishnavi Ravikumar, Julie Bonne Kohler, Ema Svetlicic, Zhejian Cao, Abhroop Garg, Dina Petranovic, Ivan Mijakovic
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the aggregation of misfolded amyloid-beta peptides in the brain. Graphene oxide nanoflakes have been found to effectively inhibit A beta aggregation in vitro. In this study using yeast as a model, it is shown that graphene oxide can penetrate yeast cells and reduce A beta 42 toxicity. The findings provide insights for designing graphene oxide-based therapies for attenuating cytotoxicity of A beta 42 and other misfolded proteins involved in neurodegenerative pathology.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Silvia De Caro, Giulia De Soricellis, Simone Dell'Acqua, Enrico Monzani, Stefania Nicolis
Summary: Both beta-amyloid peptides and oxidative stress are important factors in Alzheimer's disease. Hemin, which has redox properties, contributes to the disease's development and its level increases in pathological conditions and traumatic brain injuries. This study aimed to investigate the reactivity of the hemin-beta-amyloid(16) complex and found that it can catalyze oxidation and nitration reactions. The results showed that the complex binds negatively charged substrates with higher affinity and the tyrosine residue is the target of nitration. The study also found that hemin degradation is partly prevented by the coordinated peptide.
Article
Neurosciences
Yan Tan, Jiani Zhang, Ke Yang, Zihui Xu, Huawei Zhang, Weihang Chen, Tiantian Peng, Xu Wang, Zhaoheng Liu, Peng Wei, Na Li, Zhenqiang Zhang, Tonghua Liu, Qian Hua
Summary: This study found that these four anti-stroke CHMs regulate A beta PP processing through different mechanisms, with T2 being a promising candidate for AD treatment.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaqi Bian, Yan Chen, Xiufen Wang, Guozhen Cui, Carolina Oi Lam Ung, Jia-Hong Lu, Weihong Cong, Benqin Tang, Simon Ming-Yuen Lee
Summary: This study explored the potential therapeutic actions of oxyphylla A, a novel compound extracted from Alpinia oxyphylla, in reducing the expression levels of APP and Aβ proteins, as well as in attenuating cognitive decline in SAMP8 mice. Oxyphylla A was found to exert an antioxidative effect through the Akt-GSK36 and Nrf2-Keap1-HO-1 pathways, suggesting a new horizon for the discovery of therapeutic agents for AD.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ratnakar Jadhav, Yogesh A. A. Kulkarni
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a common form of dementia, and there are few approved medications for its treatment. Baicalein, a flavonoid, has shown neuroprotective effects, while memantine is an important drug for Alzheimer's treatment. This study investigated the combination of baicalein and memantine in treating aluminum chloride-induced neurotoxicity in rats. The combination treatment showed significant improvement in behavior, reduced oxidative stress and amyloid plaque formation, and increased BDNF expression. These findings suggest that baicalein and memantine may slow neurodegeneration progression.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wataru Araki, Fuyuki Kametani
Summary: Soluble oligomeric assemblies of amyloid beta-protein (A beta), called A beta oligomers (A beta Os), play a critical role in the pathological progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent studies have shown that small molecules with antioxidative properties can reduce the neurotoxicity of A beta Os and have potential as drug candidates for the prevention and treatment of AD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ramona Pap, Edina Pandur, Gergely Janosa, Katalin Sipos, Tamas Nagy, Attila Agocs, Jozsef Deli
Summary: The xanthophyll carotenoid lutein has been shown to have protective effects in light-induced oxidative stress and may also play a neuroprotective role. Glutamate, a major neurotransmitter, can cause oxidative stress and neurotoxicity. This study demonstrates that glutamate affects oxidative stress, inflammation, iron metabolism, and lipid peroxidation in neuroblastoma cells, while lutein attenuates these effects. These findings suggest that lutein could be a beneficial treatment in neurodegenerative disorders.
Article
Neurosciences
Yan He, Junjie Li, Liling Yi, Xiaohuan Li, Man Luo, Yayan Pang, Maoju Wang, Zhaolun Li, Mingliang Xu, Zhifang Dong, Yehong Du
Summary: The diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI)-derived peptide octadecaneuropeptide (ODN) has been found to have potent neuroprotective effects against amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ)-induced neurotoxicity and memory decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its antioxidant properties contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis. These findings suggest that ODN may be a potential therapeutic agent for AD.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Parinee Kittimongkolsuk, Mariana Roxo, Hanmei Li, Siriporn Chuchawankul, Michael Wink, Tewin Tencomnao
Summary: The study found that extracts from the tiger milk mushroom have antioxidant and anti-aging properties, protecting Caenorhabditis elegans from oxidative stress through the DAF-16/FOXO pathway and extending lifespan while reducing markers of aging like lipofuscin and pharyngeal pumping rate. Dietary restriction was not observed. Further research is needed to confirm their potential as antioxidant supplements.
Article
Biology
Parinee Kittimongkolsuk, Nattaporn Pattarachotanant, Siriporn Chuchawankul, Michael Wink, Tewin Tencomnao
Summary: The study established the neuroprotective effects of LR's ethanol extract (LRE) both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting potential for LRE as a candidate neuroprotectant.
Article
Biology
Aunchalee Tonsomboon, Mani Iyer Prasanth, Waluga Plaingam, Tewin Tencomnao
Summary: The study demonstrates that the K. parviflora rhizome extract has neuroprotective effects on mouse hippocampal HT-22 neuronal cells and extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans.
Article
Biology
Chatrawee Duangjan, Panthakarn Rangsinth, Shaoxiong Zhang, Xiaojie Gu, Michael Wink, Tewin Tencomnao
Summary: The GZM extract demonstrated neuroprotective effects by suppressing ROS generation and enhancing antioxidant enzyme expression in cultured neuronal cells. It also triggered the expression of SIRT1/Nrf2 proteins and antioxidant genes, showing promising potential for treating oxidative stress-induced neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
Review
Biology
Rita Flores, Angela Carneiro, Sandra Tenreiro, Miguel C. Seabra
Summary: Early and intermediate AMD patients have varying risks of disease progression, highlighting the importance of predictive biomarkers. Traditional clinical parameters have been replaced by multimodal retinal assessment, which provides more accurate image biomarkers.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rita Flores, Angela Carneiro, Guilherme Neri, Ana C. Fradinho, Bruno Quenderra, Maria Joao Barata, Sandra Tenreiro, Miguel C. Seabra
Summary: This study evaluates choroidal and retinal vascular parameters in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and finds that the vasculature is impaired in intermediate AMD patients. Vascular parameters may serve as new prognostic biomarkers. This research is important for understanding the pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets for AMD.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Varaporn Rakkhittawattana, Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant, Mani Prasanth, James M. Brimson, Tewin Tencomnao
Summary: In this study, Rhinacanthin-C and -D were isolated from Rhinacanthus nasustus, and their neuroprotective effects against glutamate-induced apoptosis in HT-22 cells were investigated. It was found that Rhinacanthin-C inhibited autophagy and increased ER stress, while low concentrations of Rhinacanthin-C prevented ER stress and CHOP expression. All concentrations of Rhinacanthin-C prevented ROS production and ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Chanichon Chomchoei, James Michael Brimson, Sirikalaya Brimson
Summary: Childhood cancer has a low cure rate in low-income countries, and a cheaper treatment option is needed. Fluoxetine, a well-tested drug, may be effective in treating acute leukemia by targeting the sigma-1 receptor.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
James Michael Brimson, Mani Iyer Prasanth, Kishoree Krishna Kumaree, Premrutai Thitilertdecha, Dicson Sheeja Malar, Tewin Tencomnao, Anchalee Prasansuklab
Summary: Tea plants have been traditionally consumed as tea for their health benefits. This review focuses on their role in treating metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. The potential benefits of tea plants and their bioactive components as anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-cardiovascular agents are highlighted, but further clinical trials are needed for drug development.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Dicson S. Malar, Premrutai Thitilertdecha, Kanokphorn S. Ruckvongacheep, Sirikalaya Brimson, Tewin Tencomnao, James M. Brimson
Summary: The sigma-1 receptor and sigma-2 receptor are two protein types expressed in neuronal tissues. They have become targets for treating various neurological diseases. Ligands for these receptors, such as blarcamesine and dextromethorphan for sigma-1 receptor, and CT1812 and rivastigmine for sigma-2 receptor, show promising effectiveness in treating multiple aspects of neurological diseases.
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mani Iyer Prasanth, James Michael Brimson, Tewin Tencomnao
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Panthakarn Rangsinth, Rajasekharan Sharika, Nattaporn Pattarachotanant, Chatrawee Duangjan, Chamaiphron Wongwan, Chanin Sillapachaiyaporn, Sunita Nilkhet, Nichaporn Wongsirojkul, Anchalee Prasansuklab, Tewin Tencomnao, George Pak-Heng Leung, Siriporn Chuchawankul
Summary: Ergosterol, a sterol found in edible mushrooms, is not only a precursor to vitamin D2 but also exhibits various pharmacological effects, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and anti-neurodegenerative activities. This review provides an overview of the pharmacological effects of ergosterol, its underlying mechanisms, and potential applications.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mani Iyer Prasanth, Dicson Sheeja Malar, Tewin Tencomnao, James Michael Brimson
Summary: Autophagy is a crucial cellular mechanism for clearing damaged components, and sigma-1 receptor plays a role in promoting autophagy and neuroprotection, making it a potential target for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Investigating the link between autophagy, sigma-1 receptor, and Alzheimer's disease could lead to new therapeutic strategies.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2021)
