Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jee-hyun Hwang, Haengdueng Jeong, Nahyun Lee, Sumin Hur, Nakyum Lee, Jeong Jun Han, Hye Won Jang, Wang Keun Choi, Ki Taek Nam, Kyung-Min Lim
Summary: The study found that the ex vivo live full-thickness porcine skin model is an excellent alternative to animal experiments for research on the safety and efficacy of cosmetic ingredients. Lactobionic acid showed the best improvement in skin barrier function, and the model could measure TEWL, confirming the significant skin barrier-protective effects of PHAs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrej Kovacik, Petra Pullmannova, Lukas Opalka, Michaela Silarova, Jaroslav Maixner, Katerina Vavrova
Summary: The study shows that different types of ceramides play distinct roles in the structural organization and function of the skin lipid barrier, with their effects on lipid models varying depending on the sphingoid base chain and configuration at the alpha-carbon.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joke A. Bouwstra, Andreea Nadaban, Wim Bras, Clare McCabe, Annette Bunge, Gerrit S. Gooris
Summary: The barrier function of the skin is primarily located in the outermost layer called stratum corneum (SC), which contains lipid lamellae that play a crucial role in permeation of compounds. Analyzing the lipid composition is essential in understanding the skin barrier function and its impairment in inflammatory skin diseases.
PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hye-Jin Ahn, Hae Jin Kim, Hyein Ham, Ji Hwoon Baek, Young Lee, Mahin Alamgir, Babar Rao, Min Kyung Shin
Summary: Objective assessments to evaluate sensitive skin do not well correlate with symptoms. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) was used to compare transepidermal application of zinc in sensitive and non-sensitive skin, showing deeper and higher zinc reflectance in sensitive skin with visualized structural differences. RCM is suggested as a useful tool for evaluating skin barrier integrity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
John C. Kissel, Ivan A. Titaley, Derek J. Muensterman, Jennifer A. Field
Summary: Exposures to PFAS are of concern, but existing assessments focus on ingestion and inhalation, neglecting dermal absorption. This study explores the potential dermal absorption of neutral PFAS from liquid and vapor. Results suggest that direct transdermal absorption may be an important exposure pathway for certain neutral PFAS, and further investigations on consumer products and indoor air are needed for confirmation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sabrina Wiemann, Cornelia M. Keck
Summary: This study systematically investigated the influence of dispersed particles within a topical formulation on the dermal penetration efficacy of active compounds dissolved in the water phase. The results demonstrated that the addition of particles significantly increased the dermal penetration efficacy, whereas skin hydrating excipients had limited effects.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yao Chen, Mingrui Liao, Kun Ma, Zi Wang, Bruno Deme, Jeff Penfold, Jian R. Lu, John R. P. Webster, Peixun Li
Summary: This study investigated how surfactants interact with a lipid SC model using neutron diffraction and MD simulations, revealing the impact of surfactant molecular architecture on their interaction. It demonstrated that surfactants can enhance membrane hydration and reduce phase separated crystalline cholesterol, depending on the surfactant chain length, branching, and double bond, providing useful guidance for selecting or designing surfactants for transdermal applications.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Pronalis Tapfumaneyi, Mohammad Imran, Seyed Ebrahim Alavi, Yousuf Mohammed
Summary: Studies have shown that the thermodynamic activity of drugs plays a significant role in skin drug delivery by increasing drug absorption. This activity can be altered based on the physicochemical parameters of the drug in the vehicle. Thermodynamic principles have been utilized to develop novel delivery systems and enhance drug permeation through the skin. This review provides insights into the importance of thermodynamic principles in optimizing topical and transdermal drug delivery systems.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nichola J. Starr, Mohammed H. Khan, Max K. Edney, Gustavo F. Trindade, Stefanie Kern, Alexander Pirkl, Matthias Kleine-Boymann, Christopher Elms, Mark M. O'Mahony, Mike Bell, Morgan R. Alexander, David J. Scurr
Summary: In this study, the 3D OrbiSIMS technique was used to analyze the molecular chemistry of human skin tissue and provide unprecedented details about the nonhomogeneity of the stratum corneum. The analysis resolved debates about chemical gradients within the epidermis and revealed similarities in epidermal compounds between human and porcine skin. Additionally, the study demonstrated the permeation of an antiaging peptide into the human stratum corneum.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Charlotte M. Beddoes, Denise E. Rensen, Gert S. Gooris, Marc Malfois, Joke A. Bouwstra
Summary: The study found that the effects of FFA chain lengths on lamellar phases and lateral packing vary, with a threshold for water permeability at FFA C16.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Andrea Pensado, Anita McGrogan, K. A. Jane White, Annette L. Bunge, Richard H. Guy, M. Begona Delgado-Charro
Summary: Predicting the dermal bioavailability of topically delivered drugs is challenging. The study found that the uptake of betamethasone valerate into the stratum corneum was significantly higher at a dose of 5 mg/cm² compared to doses of 2 and 10 mg/cm². Skin blanching responses varied widely and were not sensitive to the dose of cream applied. The tape-stripping method was able to detect differences between applied doses, providing quantitative metrics for corticosteroid delivery.
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Arya Kadukkattil Ramanunny, Sheetu Wadhwa, Monica Gulati, Sachin Kumar Singh, Bhupinder Kapoor, Harish Dureja, Dinesh Kumar Chellappan, Krishnan Anand, Kamal Dua, Rubiya Khursheed, Ankit Awasthi, Rajan Kumar, Jaskiran Kaur, Leander Corrie, Narendra Kumar Pandey
Summary: Skin diseases are a significant burden on the global economy and affect patients' quality of life. Traditional treatment approaches face limitations, but nanomedicine offers efficient targeted drug delivery solutions.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiun-Wen Guo, Shiou-Hwa Jee
Summary: The treatment of inflammatory skin diseases poses challenges, with topical therapy being the first line of management. The key to success lies in the effectiveness and adaptability of the pharmaceutical formulation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
S. Bielfeldt, F. Bonnier, H. J. Byrne, I. Chourpa, Y. Dancik
Summary: The study of human skin is significant in various fields including dermatology, toxicology, pharmacology, and cosmetology. Current measurement methods do not provide chemically specific results regarding skin penetration and permeation. However, Raman microspectroscopy can serve as an alternative method for non-destructive, non-invasive, and chemically specific investigations.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ewa Olkowska, Goran Grzinic
Summary: This article discusses the available alternative skin models for phthalate permeation studies, including ex vivo animal skin, human reconstructed skin, and artificial skin models. The use of these models is crucial for evaluating the impact and toxicity of phthalate compounds.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Karoline K. Barkjohn, Christina Norris, Xiaoxing Cui, Lin Fang, Tongshu Zheng, James J. Schauer, Zhen Li, Yinping Zhang, Marilyn Black, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang, Michael H. Bergin
Summary: The study found that the use of air cleaners significantly reduced indoor PM(2.5) concentrations and personal exposure to PM(2.5), but the majority of indoor PM(2.5) was still from outdoor sources. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce outdoor PM(2.5) levels simultaneously or clean indoor air in multiple locations to further improve air quality.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Wei Liu, Jing Huang, Yan Lin, Chaorui Cai, Yan Zhao, Yanbo Teng, Jinhan Mo, Lijun Xue, Li Liu, Wei Xu, Xinbiao Guo, Yinping Zhang, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
Summary: The study found that while the use of negative ion air purifiers (NIAPs) can reduce indoor particulate matter concentrations, it also increases negative ion levels and urinary concentration of malondialdehyde, a biomarker of systemic oxidative stress. There were no significant net effects of NIAPs on various health outcomes related to lung function, vascular tone, arterial stiffness, and inflammation, indicating that the downsides of using NIAPs do not outweigh the benefits in reducing PM2.5 exposure.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Clara M. A. Eichler, Elaine A. Cohen Hubal, Ying Xu, Jianping Cao, Chenyang Bi, Charles J. Weschler, Tunga Salthammer, Glenn C. Morrison, Antti Joonas Koivisto, Yinping Zhang, Corinne Mandin, Wenjuan Wei, Patrice Blondeau, Dustin Poppendieck, Xiaoyu Liu, Christiaan J. E. Delmaar, Peter Fantke, Olivier Jolliet, Hyeong-Moo Shin, Miriam L. Diamond, Manabu Shiraiwa, Andreas Zuend, Philip K. Hopke, Natalie von Goetz, Markku Kulmala, John C. Little
Summary: A critical review of indoor chemical emissions and exposure led to the proposal of a modular mechanistic framework for predicting human exposure to SVOCs. The framework allows for integration of new knowledge, other chemical classes of indoor pollutants, and mechanistic processes relevant to human exposure indoors.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Nijing Wang, Nora Zannoni, Lisa Ernle, Gabriel Beko, Pawel Wargocki, Mengze Li, Charles J. Weschler, Jonathan Williams
Summary: Humans are a significant source of VOCs in indoor environments, with direct anthropogenic emissions becoming increasingly important. This study quantified human emissions of OH reactivity and found no significant shortfall, but observed influences of ozone on breath and dermal emissions. Age groups showed differences in total OH reactivity with and without ozone exposure.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Engineering, Environmental
Allen H. Goldstein, William W. Nazaroff, Charles J. Weschler, Jonathan Williams
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yingjun Liu, Pawel K. Misztal, Caleb Arata, Charles J. Weschler, William W. Nazaroff, Allen H. Goldstein
Summary: This study explored indoor ozone chemistry in a house in California with two adult inhabitants, finding that multiple VOCs exhibited clear contributions from ozone-initiated chemistry indoors. These chemicals include compounds commonly reported from ozone interactions with indoor surfaces and human skin lipids. Additionally, the study observed that ozone-driven chemistry continued to produce specific VOCs even after the occupants had been away from the house for several days.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Nora Zannoni, Mengze Li, Nijing Wang, Lisa Ernle, Gabriel Beko, Pawel Wargocki, Sarka Langer, Charles J. Weschler, Glenn Morrison, Jonathan Williams
Summary: This study found that the total OH reactivity of human gaseous emissions is influenced by indoor temperature, humidity, clothing coverage, and indoor ozone concentration, primarily due to reactions between ozone and organic skin-oil constituents. The emission ratios of VOCs and ammonia remained relatively stable under different conditions, but the total OH reactivity exhibited greater diversity with higher temperature and humidity.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
William W. Nazaroff, Charles J. Weschler
Summary: Indoor exposure to ozone mainly comes from outdoor sources, but indoor emission sources can also impact concentrations. Factors affecting indoor ozone levels include mechanical ventilation systems, indoor surfaces, and human occupants. Mitigation technologies, such as activated carbon filtration, can help reduce indoor ozone levels.
Editorial Material
Construction & Building Technology
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Glenn C. Morrison, Vicki H. Grassian, Manabu Shiraiwa, Charles J. Weschler, Paul J. Ziemann
Letter
Critical Care Medicine
Linchen He, Charles J. Weschler, Yinping Zhang, Feng Li, Michael H. Bergin, Marilyn Black, Junfeng (Jim) Zhang
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Charles J. Weschler, William W. Nazaroff
Summary: This paper examines the relationship between indoor ozone concentration and ozone loss concept, and suggests that there is a proportional relationship between indoor ozone concentration and the total rate constant for ozone removal on surfaces, as well as an inverse relationship with the net removal of ozone by air exchange and surface reactions. Therefore, ozone loss can be used as a metric for analyzing the adverse health effects of indoor ozone chemistry products.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuekun Qu, Ziwei Zou, Charles J. Weschler, Yingjun Liu, Xudong Yang
Summary: Ozone reactions on human body surfaces produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that influence indoor air quality. The study found that emission fluxes of most targeted skin-oil oxidation products correlated linearly with ozone concentration. However, for the second-generation oxidation product 4-oxopentanal, a higher surface yield was observed at higher ozone concentrations. Furthermore, many VOCs were emitted in the absence of ozone. These findings provide new insights on ozone/skin oil chemistry in indoor air quality models.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lisa Ernle, Nijing Wang, Gabriel Bekoe, Glenn Morrison, Pawel Wargocki, Charles J. J. Weschler, Jonathan Williams
Summary: Proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is commonly used for monitoring volatile organic compounds in indoor and outdoor environments. However, the use of mass-to-charge ratio m/z 69.07 as an indicator of indoor isoprene can be affected by the presence of aldehydes, especially when ozone levels are high.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Charles J. Weschler, William W. Nazaroff
Summary: Human skin oil contains ozone-reactive compounds, such as squalene and unsaturated acyl groups. Ozone reacts with indoor surfaces, leading to lower ozone concentrations indoors compared to outdoors. Ozone reacts with skin oils on occupants' skin, hair, and clothing, as well as transfer to indoor surfaces. Skin oil contributes to the removal of outdoor ozone in indoor environments, particularly in high occupancy settings like classrooms.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Charles J. Weschler, William W. Nazaroff
Summary: Indoor ozone concentrations are generally lower than outdoor concentrations due to ozone reactions with indoor surfaces. The concept of ozone loss, which represents the net concentration of gaseous products derived from indoor ozone chemistry, can be used to differentiate the health effects of ozone's oxidation products from direct exposure to ozone itself. The ozone loss concentration is directly related to the rate of ozone removal on surfaces and inversely related to the net removal of ozone by air exchange and surface reactions. Ozone loss shows promise as a metric for studying the potential adverse health effects of indoor ozone chemistry, but its limitations should be considered.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)