Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marjorie Reyes-Farias, Julia Fos-Domenech, Dolors Serra, Laura Herrero, David Sanchez-Infantes
Summary: Both obesity and aging are linked to metabolic diseases like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissue plays a role in the progression of these diseases. Obesity and aging lead to alterations in adipose tissue, triggering a pro-inflammatory phenotype in resident immune cells. They also share characteristics such as a higher visceral fat to subcutaneous fat ratio and a reduced lifespan.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yiheng Huang, Donghong Cui, Liujun Chen, Haibin Tong, Hong Wu, Grace K. Muller, Yadan Qi, Shuxia Wang, Jinjie Xu, Xiang Gao, Kathleen E. Fifield, Lingyan Wang, Zhengyuan Xia, Jacqueline L. Vanderluit, Suixin Liu, Lin Leng, Guang Sun, John McGuire, Lawrence H. Young, Richard Bucala, Dake Qi
Summary: This study reports a non-inflammatory adipose mechanism of high fat-induced insulin resistance mediated by the loss of Pref-1. Pref-1, released from adipose Pref-1+ cells, inhibits MIF release from both Pref-1+ cells and adipocytes. High palmitic acid induces PAR2 expression in Pref-1+ cells, downregulating Pref-1 expression and release in an AMPK-dependent manner. The loss of Pref-1 increases adipose MIF secretion contributing to non-inflammatory insulin resistance in obesity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aline Almeida da Silva, Elisangela Martins da Silva Perez, Ingrid Samantha Tavares de Figueiredo, Nylane Maria Nunes de Alencar, Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves, Fabiano Andre Narciso Fernandes, Renata Prado Vasconcelos, Ariclecio Cunha de Oliveira, Socorro Vanesca Frota Gaban
Summary: This study investigated the effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on body weight, white fat depots, and biochemical and morphological parameters in male Swiss mice fed standard (SD) or high-fat (HFD) diets. The results showed that low-dose VCO supplementation did not improve obesity, had no effects on hepatic or renal function, and had beneficial effects on the lipid profile only in animals fed HFD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yugo Kato, Yoshinori Aoki, Chikako Kiyose, Koji Fukui
Summary: T3s attenuate obesity by inhibiting body fat and serum cholesterol increase, and also improve cognitive function.
Article
Cell Biology
Ashraf Al Madhoun, Shihab Kochumon, Dania Haddad, Reeby Thomas, Rasheeba Nizam, Lavina Miranda, Sardar Sindhu, Milad S. Bitar, Rasheed Ahmad, Fahd Al-Mulla
Summary: Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Obese individuals have higher levels of CAV1 protein in adipose tissues. This study found a positive correlation between CAV1 gene expression and TNF-a. and NF -KB gene expression in obese adipose tissues.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masaki Kobayashi, Yusuke Deguchi, Yuka Nozaki, Yoshikazu Higami
Summary: PGC-1 alpha plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial function and adipocyte-specific functions in white adipose tissue, with its function being affected by metabolic changes such as obesity and caloric restriction.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mingzhu Yan, Suwei Jin, Zhi Wang, Tianji Xia, Yongguang Liu, Qi Chang
Summary: Limonin, a compound found in citrus fruits, has been found to effectively combat obesity by reducing fat mass and body weight gain, and improving fatty liver and hyperlipidemia caused by a high-fat diet. It also promotes the browning of white adipose tissues and prevents the whitening of brown adipose tissue in mice. These effects are associated with the activation of PGC-1 alpha pathway. Overall, limonin shows great potential for regulating energy balance and treating obesity.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Seyyed Mohammad Reza Hashemnia, Reza Meshkani, Fahimeh Zamani-Garmsiri, Maryam Shabani, Maryam Tajabadi-Ebrahimi, Iraj Ragerdi Kashani, Seyed Davar Siadat, Samaneh Mohassel Azadi, Solaleh Emamgholipour
Summary: New evidence suggests that B. coagulans can be a promising alternative for treating metabolic disorders. However, its effects on obesity-induced adipose tissue inflammation are still unknown.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Cheryl Li, Xenia Davis, Patrick Lahni, Joanna Stuck, Lauren Williamson, Jennifer Kaplan
Summary: White adipose tissue browning is detrimental in patients with burn injury and cancer. WAT browning occurs in nonobese mice and can be induced by beta receptor norepinephrine infusion, but obese mice are resistant to sepsis-induced and norepinephrine-induced WAT browning. Obese mice may be protected from sepsis due to the lack of WAT browning and unchanged inflammatory cytokine response.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chaowei Li, Qi Chen, Yanrong Liu, Zhuwen Sun, Zhentong Shen, Shuhan Li, Dingrui Cha, Chao Sun
Summary: In this study, it was found that MetEnk effectively prevented obesity and improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. It also improved mitochondrial function, promoted lipolysis and thermogenesis through the activation of the cAMP/PKA pathway.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Natalia Santillana, Camila Astudillo-Guerrero, Amanda D'Espessailles, Gonzalo Cruz
Summary: White adipose tissue dysfunction is crucial in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic alterations related to obesity. Dysfunction is characterized by limited expansion capacity, increased adipocyte hypertrophy, altered adipokine secretion, macrophage accumulation and inflammation. Simple tools are needed to identify individuals with dysfunctional adipose tissue who are at risk of developing metabolic alterations. This review highlights the current pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging measurements for assessing white adipose tissue functionality.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ilona Juchnicka, Mariusz Kuzmicki, Jacek Szamatowicz
Summary: Obesity is a growing global concern, significantly contributing to the development of diseases like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Excessive lipid accumulation in tissues leads to inflammation and metabolic dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laura M. Laiglesia, Xavier Escote, Neira Sainz, Elisa Felix-Soriano, Eva Santamaria, Maria Collantes, Marta Fernandez-Galilea, Ignacio Colon-Mesa, Leyre Martinez-Fernandez, Tania Quesada-Lopez, Sergio Quesada-Vazquez, Carlos Rodriguez-Ortigosa, Jose M. Arbones-Mainar, Angela M. Valverde, J. Alfredo Martinez, Jesmond Dalli, Laura Herrero, Silvia Lorente-Cebrian, Francesc Villarroya, Maria J. Moreno-Aliaga
Summary: In this study, MaR1 is identified as a novel drug that promotes BAT activation and WAT browning by regulating thermogenic program in adipocytes and M2 polarization of macrophages.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Long Cheng, Shuofeng Zhang, Fei Shang, Yibo Ning, Zhiqi Huang, Runcheng He, Jianning Sun, Shifen Dong
Summary: The study found that emodin could reduce body weight and food intake in obese mice, improve glucose tolerance, and decrease blood lipids. Emodin treatment induced beiging of white adipose tissue and increased markers of beige adipocytes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). Furthermore, emodin perturbed the lipidomic profiles in scWAT and BAT of obese mice, indicating selective remodeling in tissue lipid content in response to emodin treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Irem Altun, Xiaocheng Yan, Siegfried Ussar
Summary: Adipose tissue is important for energy storage and regulating metabolism. Obesity can lead to dysfunction in adipose tissue, affecting the composition and function of stromal cells. Immune cells in adipose tissue play essential roles in regulating adipocyte function. Macrophages, mast cells, innate lymphoid cells, and T cells all have a significant impact on adipocyte progenitor proliferation, differentiation, and lineage commitment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
John D. Clarke, Petr Novak, April D. Lake, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, Nathan J. Cherrington
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2017)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
John D. Clarke, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, April D. Lake, Andrew J. Lickteig, Michael J. Goedken, Curtis D. Klaassen, Nathan J. Cherrington
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2014)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kyunghee Yang, Nathan D. Pfeifer, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, Wei Yue, Paul W. Stewart, Kim L. R. Brouwer
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2014)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
April D. Lake, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, Christopher P. Leamon, Philip S. Low, Nathan J. Cherrington
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Marine P. M. Letertre, Nyasha Munjoma, Kate Wolfer, Alexandros Pechlivanis, Julie A. K. McDonald, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, Nathan J. Cherrington, Muireann Coen, Jeremy K. Nicholson, Lesley Hoyles, Jonathan R. Swann, Ian D. Wilson
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2020)
Editorial Material
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Peter Loskill, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, Adrian Roth
Summary: This commentary presents a thought experiment on starting a new drug discovery program that prioritizes human and disease-relevant models throughout the entire process, challenging traditional methods in the field.
Article
Toxicology
Rhiannon N. Hardwick, Patrick Brassil, Ilaria Badagnani, Kimberly Perkins, Glenmar P. Obedencio, Andrea S. Kim, Michael W. Conner, David L. Bourdet, Eric B. Harstad
Summary: Izencitinib, an oral JAK inhibitor, has been developed for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases with a focus on optimal efficacy in the gastrointestinal tract and minimal systemic exposures. Nonclinical studies demonstrated that izencitinib had minimal systemic findings and low systemic concentrations in rats and dogs, suggesting the potential for reduced systemic safety concerns. The gut-selective approach of izencitinib highlights the importance of organ-selective drugs in reducing systemic side effects.
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Toxicology
Ivan Rusyn, Courtney Sakolish, Yuki Kato, Clifford Stephan, Leoncio Vergara, Philip Hewitt, Vasanthi Bhaskaran, Myrtle Davis, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, Stephen S. Ferguson, Jason P. Stanko, Piyush Bajaj, Karissa Adkins, Nisha S. Sipes, E. Sidney Hunter, Maria T. Baltazar, Paul L. Carmichael, Kritika Sadh, Richard A. Becker
Summary: This article provides a detailed account of a public-private collaboration in testing various microphysiological systems and offers considerations for their practical application in decision-making processes. The authors argue that the success of these systems depends more on the cells, reagents, and research staff's technical expertise rather than the devices themselves. Difficulties in extrapolating concentration-response effects in microphysiological systems to human blood or oral exposures, replicating whole organs, and maintaining long-term functionality are identified as critical challenges.
TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Xiaoting Wang, Anna K. Kopec, Mark Collinge, Rhiannon David, Christian Grant, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, Aaron Navratil, Nirav Patel, Wendy Rowan, Nikki B. Marshall
Summary: Immune responses play a crucial role in the regulation and pathogenesis of various human diseases. The immune system can act as a defense mechanism against infection and cancer, but it can also cause tissue damage when the response becomes excessive or uncontrolled. One challenge in drug development is the lack of suitable preclinical human models to study the efficacy and toxicity of immunomodulatory drugs. Recent advancements in human microphysiological systems (MPS) provide a promising platform to evaluate immune responses and reduce reliance on animal models.
ALTEX-ALTERNATIVES TO ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Rhiannon N. Hardwick, Catherine J. Betts, Jessica Whritenour, Radhakrishna Sura, Maike Thamsen, Elad H. Kaufmanf, Kristin Fabre
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
R. N. Hardwick, C. Viergever, A. E. Chen, D. G. Nguyen
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2017)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mark J. Canet, Matthew D. Merrell, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, Amy M. Bataille, Sarah N. Campion, Daniel W. Ferreira, Stavra A. Xanthakos, Jose E. Manautou, H. Hesham A-Kader, Robert P. Erickson, Nathan J. Cherrington
DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION
(2015)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mark J. Canet, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, April D. Lake, Anika L. Dzierlenga, John D. Clarke, Michael J. Goedken, Nathan J. Cherrington
DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION
(2015)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mark J. Canet, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, April D. Lake, Anika L. Dzierlenga, John D. Clarke, Nathan J. Cherrington
DRUG METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION
(2014)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
John D. Clarke, Rhiannon N. Hardwick, April D. Lake, Mark J. Canet, Nathan J. Cherrington
JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS
(2014)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Xiangge Meng, Chengping Li, Yu Hei, Xiang Zhou, Guoli Zhou
Summary: The study used IVT-SAPAS sequencing to analyze the dynamic changes of APA sites during adipogenesis in bovine subcutaneous preadipocytes and intramuscular preadipocytes. The results showed that APA plays an important role in adipocyte differentiation, and UTR-APA switching genes have different trends, with intramuscular preadipocytes tending to use shorter 3'UTR for differentiation. TRIB3, WWTR1, and INSIG1 play important roles in intramuscular preadipocyte differentiation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
S. Alizadeh, S. Khamse, N. Tajeddin, H. R. Khorram Khorshid, A. Delbari, M. Ohadi
Summary: This study identifies a specific genotype at a CG-rich trinucleotide short tandem repeat (STR) locus that is associated with late-onset neurocognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shougang Liu, Zhe Zhuang, Fanghua Liu, Xiuqing Yuan, Zeqiao Zhang, Xiaoqian Liang, Xinhui Li, Yongfeng Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effect and mechanism of RPL9 and TIFA in scalp psoriasis, and identified RPL9 as a potential therapeutic target for scalp psoriasis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shiting Wang, Jiaqi Chen, Zhichao Jin, Ying Xing, Ruiping Wang
Summary: This study suggests a causal association between hair color and skin cancers, with light hair colors (red, blonde, and light brown) being associated with an increased risk and dark brown hair being associated with a decreased risk.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Joseph Hawadak, Loick Pradel Kojom Foko, Rodrigue Roman Dongang Nana, Karmveer Yadav, Veena Pande, Aparup Das, Vineeta Singh
Summary: This study investigates the genetic diversity and natural selection of the Pfama-1 gene in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Cameroon. The study finds a considerable nucleotide and haplotype diversity, as well as specific mutations in Cameroonian isolates. Positive diversifying selection and the identification of selected codon sites suggest the potential implication of these genetic variations in host immune pressure and parasite-binding complex modulation. The findings provide valuable baseline data for malaria vaccine design.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Emily Biernat, Mansi Verma, Chhabi K. Govind
Summary: RSC is an essential ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It regulates nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) by sliding flanking nucleosomes away from NDRs. Depletion of RSC leads to nucleosome encroachment in NDRs and transcription initiation defects. The study compared the effects of catalytic-dead Sth1 and rapid depletion of Sth1 on transcription. Rapid depletion of Sth1 reduces recruitment of TBP and Pol II, while the catalytic-dead mutant exhibits a severe reduction in TBP binding but accumulates Pol II in coding regions. The results suggest a role for RSC in transcription elongation and termination processes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yunxiao Wei, Yuhan Song, Muhammad Aamir Khan, Chengzhen Liang, Zhigang Meng, Yuan Wang, Sandui Guo, Rui Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed the GhTPP protein family in upland cotton for the first time and identified the important role of GhTPPA_2 in regulating sugar metabolism, improving soluble sugar accumulation, and drought stress tolerance.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Yannan Geng, Rui Shao, Tiantong Xu, Lilong Zhang
Summary: A novel risk model based on SCUBE3, TNNC1, SPON1, SEPT12 and ULBP1 genes was developed for predicting PMOP risk, with higher risk score indicating higher risk of suffering from PMOP. Significant differences in signaling pathway activities were observed between the high-risk score group and the low-risk score group.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Randy P. Williams, Corina Lesseur, Haoxiang Cheng, Qian Li, Maya Deyssenroth, Christopher D. Molteno, Ernesta M. Meintjes, Sandra W. Jacobson, Joseph L. Jacobson, Helen Wainwright, Ke Hao, Jia Chen, R. Colin Carter
Summary: The study suggests that heavy alcohol exposure during pregnancy may impact the proportion of fetal placental villi macrophages and increase the expression of inflammatory genes. Further research is needed to explore these effects and evaluate the potential functional roles of placental inflammation in FASD.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lvjing Luo, Lishuang Sun, Shu Li, Huiting Liu, Zhengyu Chen, Shi Huang, Yinyin Mo, Genliang Li
Summary: This study analyzed the expression of Ptpn1 and miR-124-3p in testicular tissues of mice and investigated their regulatory relationship. The results showed that Ptpn1 expression was up-regulated in adult mouse testis compared to juvenile mouse testis, while miR-124-3p expression showed an opposite pattern. Further analysis suggested that the down-regulation of miR-124-3p may contribute to the high expression of Ptpn1 in adult mouse testis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Gairui Li, Dan Zhao, Xiaolin Peng, Yashuang Zhao
Summary: MiRNA-22 shows potential as a candidate for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The study found higher miR-22 expression levels in the CRC and CRA groups, suggesting its potential as a biomarker for CRC early screening.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Zhongqiu Zhu, Qianting Yang, Xiaoying Tian, Da Man, Jian Wang, Junfang Zhang, Bingshe Han
Summary: This study constructed a ceRNA network mediated by lncRNAs in cold-acclimated zebrafish ZF4 cells and revealed that upregulation of MSTRG3207 promotes apoptosis by sponging dre-miR-736 during cold acclimation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Weitao Chen, Denggao Xiang, Shang Gao, Shuli Zhu, Zhi Wu, Yuefei Li, Jie Li
Summary: Dam construction has negatively impacted the genetic diversity and structure of fish populations. This case study on the endangered Hemibagrus guttatus found low genetic diversity, high levels of inbreeding, and decreasing population size in fragmented populations. Genetic structure and differentiation were also observed, indicating the influence of dams on these fish populations.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Pooja Singh, Debleena Guin, Bijay Pattnaik, Ritushree Kukreti
Summary: Through systematic literature review and meta-analysis, it was found that idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is significantly associated with 222 polymorphisms in 118 genes. Four polymorphisms - rs35705950/MUC5B, rs2736100/TERT, rs2076295/DSP, and rs111521887/TOLLIP, exhibited substantial epidemiological evidence supporting their association with IPF risk.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jianping Zhang, Zhijun Cai, Fanzhe Feng, Yufeng Peng, Yi Cui, Yongiqing Xu
Summary: This study found that exosomes secreted by young BMSCs can promote the healing of tendon-bone interface after rotator cuff tears. These exosomes can improve extracellular matrix remodeling, osteogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and stemness of tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs). The exosomes from young BMSCs have better effects compared to those from aged BMSCs.
