Article
Environmental Sciences
Haiying Lu, Ruiyan Xie, Hesham S. Almoallim, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, G. K. Jhanani, T. R. Praveenkumar, Changlei Xia, A. Anderson
Summary: In this study, microalgae biochar was used to produce fuel pellets, and the results showed that the inclusion of microalgae biochar could enhance the calorific value, heating value, and bulk density of the pellets. The mechanical strength of microalgae-based pellets was also higher compared to other biomass, and their combustion time was longer due to their higher calorific value.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Oraleou Sangue Djandja, Zhicong Wang, Peigao Duan, Feng Wang, Yuping Xu
Summary: The study aimed to improve properties of waste tire pyrolysis oil by reducing nitrogen and sulfur contents using a combination of tetralin and hydrogen source. Various factors such as catalyst type, temperature, catalyst loading, time, and hydrogen pressure were examined to optimize the upgraded oil with Pt/C showing the highest performance. The upgraded oil had higher heating values and mainly consisted of aromatic compounds, with monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accounting for about 40% of the total content.
Article
Polymer Science
Johannes Karthaeuser, Vladimirs Biziks, Holm Frauendorf, Carsten Mai, Holger Militz
Summary: Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a method to obtain higher-value organic chemicals from technical lignins. The origin of the lignin source significantly influences the pyrolysis products, with variations in yields and chemical composition.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Felipe Campuzano, Juan Daniel Martinez, Andres F. Agudelo Santamaria, S. Mani Sarathy, William L. Roberts
Summary: Pyrolysis is seen as a crucial step in the transition from a linear to a circular economy and the defossilization of various economic sectors. Tire pyrolysis oil (TPO), derived from the pyrolysis of end-of-life tires, contains valuable chemicals that are building blocks of the petrochemical industry. This study reviews different pathways for producing value-added products from TPO and focuses on implementing conventional refinery practices such as distillation, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), hydroprocessing, and steam cracking for TPO post-treatment.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Xueyong Ren, Mohammad Shanb Ghazani, Hui Zhu, Wenya Ao, Han Zhang, Emma Moreside, Jinjiao Zhu, Pu Yang, Na Zhong, Xiaotao Bi
Summary: Microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis is an emerging technology for converting solid biomass to valuable products. The challenges lie in efficient biomass heating by microwaves and improving product quality through catalysis. Different heating and catalysis strategies have been explored, including direct, indirect, and hybrid heating modes, as well as in-situ, ex-situ, and hybrid catalysis configurations. Techno-economic-environmental assessments have shown the benefits of these strategies, but further research is needed to evaluate integration, synergistic effects, and scaling up.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongqing Shi, Yunlei Cui, Yaning Zhang, Wenke Zhao, Wei Liu, Roger Ruan
Summary: Polypropylene waste causes environmental problems. Using microwave assisted heating, this study found that the optimal gas yield was obtained at 900 degrees C, 1000 Watts, and 60:15 mass ratio.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sichen Fan, Yaning Zhang, Longfei Cui, Qingang Xiong, Tariq Maqsood
Summary: This study investigated the conversion of polystyrene plastic into aviation fuel through microwave-assisted pyrolysis using different iron-based microwave absorbents (Fe, Fe3O4, and FeS2). The results showed that Fe3O4 had the highest heating rate, Fe had good selectivity for cycloalkenes, and FeS2 had good selectivity for olefins. The highest oil yield was achieved at a pyrolysis temperature of 460 degrees C, microwave power of 650 W, and Fe load of 90 g, and the oil compositions mainly consisted of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins, and cycloalkenes.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yunlei Cui, Yaning Zhang, Longfei Cui, Yifan Liu, Bingxi Li, Wei Liu
Summary: The objective of this study was to enhance the yield and quality of liquid oil derived from polypropylene plastics through microwave-assisted pyrolysis. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, microwave power, and PP loading on oil products were experimentally analyzed. An optimal oil yield was 0.793 g/g when the microwave power, pyrolysis temperature, and PP loading were 500 W, 450 degrees C, and 30 g respectively, and the oil was rich in cyclanes, alkenes, and alkanes.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Rafael Perez-Campos, Jose Fayos-Fernandez, Juan Monzo-Cabrera, Fernando Martin Salamanca, Juan Lopez Valentin, Jose Manuel Catala-Civera, Pedro Plaza-Gonzalez, Juan Rafael Sanchez-Marin
Summary: Efforts are being made to find innovative ways of recycling rubber from end-of-life tires through devulcanization. This study shows that microwave heating is a controllable and efficient method for devulcanizing the rubber, and the changes in the rubber's permittivity can be used to monitor the process.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Guangcan Su, Hwai Chyuan Ong, Mei Yee Cheah, Wei-Hsin Chen, Su Shiung Lam, Yuhan Huang
Summary: The emergence of bioenergy provides a solution to the environment and energy crises. Pyrolysis technology has broad application prospects, and both conventional and microwave-assisted pyrolysis have their advantages and limitations, with differences in product distribution and economic feasibility.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muhammad Irfan, Rishmail Saleem, Bilal Shoukat, Hammad Hussain, Shazia Shukrullah, Muhammad Yasin Naz, Saifur Rahman, Abdulnour Ali Jazem Ghanim, Grzegorz Nawalany, Tomasz Jakubowski
Summary: This study demonstrated the in-situ microwave pyrolysis of plastic waste using Zeolite Socony Mobil ZSM-5 catalyst, resulting in the production of hydrogen, liquid fuel, and carbon nanotubes. The use of activated carbon as a heat susceptor and moderate temperatures of 400-450 degrees C were employed. The effect of plastic composition, catalyst loading, and plastic type on the product yields was quantified.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bingchao Zhao, Han Wang, Zikun Yao, Saleh Alfarraj, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Ramakrishnan Krishnan, Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi, Kathirvel Brindhadevi
Summary: The production of biodiesel from plastic waste is an effective solution to the fossil fuel crisis and reduces carbon monoxide emissions. However, the combustion process of plastic fuel blends is affected by viscosity and the absence of oxygen molecules, leading to lower thermal efficiency.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hu Luo, Yanfei Zhang, He Zhu, Xinpeng Zhao, Lijun Zhu, Wang Liu, Mengya Sun, Gai Miao, Shenggang Li, Lingzhao Kong
Summary: Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is suitable for biomass valorization with benefits of temperature reduction and energy saving, but industrial applications are hindered by limited understanding of low-temperature behaviors and scale-up demonstration. Studies show that microwave heating shifts the temperature range of rice straw pyrolysis and reduces activation energy, providing a basis for designing pilot-scale equipment.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlei Cui, Yaning Zhang, Longfei Cui, Qingang Xiong, Ehab Mostafa
Summary: Conversion of plastic wastes into value added fuels is a good way for sustainable development. In this study, microwave-assisted fluidized bed reactor pyrolysis of polypropylene plastic for pyrolysis gas production was experimentally investigated. The effects of pyrolysis temperature, fluidizing velocity, and microwave power on the pyrolysis gas products were analyzed. An optimal pyrolysis gas yield of 76.1 wt% was obtained when the pyrolysis temperature was 900°C, fluidizing velocity was 2.36 x 10-3 m/s and microwave power was 800 W, and the pyrolysis gas was rich in C3H6, CH4, and C3H8 with a higher heating value of 51.8 MJ/m3. The produced gas has great potentials in applications, such as fuel cells.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Zhou, Xinping Li, Ronghui Zhang, Wei Zhou, Jun Jin, Chen Wang, Yu Tian, Kang Zhang
Summary: In this study, waste tire pyrolysis residue (WTPR) was used to prepare a water slurry, with the addition of dispersants to improve its performance. The adsorption of dispersants changed the surface properties of WTPR, with NP40 showing greater viscosity-reducing and stabilizing abilities. Additionally, all samples exhibited shear-thinning characteristics, with NP40 WTPRWS having the smallest yield stress.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mattia Bartoli, Luca Rosi, Atessio Giovannelli, Piero Frediani, Marco Frediani
WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Polymer Science
Francesca Cicogna, Guido Giachi, Luca Rosi, Elisa Passaglia, Serena Coiai, Roberto Spiniello, Federico Prescimone, Marco Frediani
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Benedetta Ciuffi, David Chiaramonti, Andrea Maria Rizzo, Marco Frediani, Luca Rosi
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2020)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Giovanni Ferraro, Giuditta Pecori, Luca Rosi, Lorenzo Bettucci, Emiliano Fratini, David Casini, Andrea Maria Rizzo, David Chiaramonti
Summary: The properties of biochar are highly dependent on the feedstock type and operational conditions during thermochemical processing, especially slow pyrolysis. This study investigated the surface area, pore size, and shape of biochars produced from different biomasses at various temperatures. The research found a strong correlation between the chemical composition of biochars and their retention capacity of ions, with higher temperatures reducing the cation exchange capacity.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Benedetta Ciuffi, Massimiliano Loppi, Andrea Maria Rizzo, David Chiaramonti, Luca Rosi
Summary: The study investigated the hydrothermal liquefaction reactions of lignin residue under subcritical conditions on a lab scale. The experiments were conducted with different temperatures, basic catalysts, and the presence/absence of a capping agent. Results suggest that the reaction likely occurs via an ionic route with radical species playing a minor role.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Arturo Di Fraia, Edoardo Miliotti, Andrea Maria Rizzo, Giulia Zoppi, Giuseppe Pipitone, Raffaele Pirone, Luca Rosi, David Chiaramonti, Samir Bensaid
Summary: This study converted lignin-rich stream from lignocellulosic ethanol production into biocrude through continuous hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), and produced hydrogen through aqueous phase reforming (APR). The use of NaOH catalyst resulted in a maximum biocrude yield of 27 wt%, and the phenolics in the co-produced aqueous phase were effectively removed through liquid-liquid extraction, improving the hydrogen yield of APR. Preliminary mass balances showed that APR can provide up to 46% of the theoretical hydrogen required for upgrading the HTL biocrude, enhancing the process performance and sustainability.
Article
Polymer Science
Giulia Giuntoli, Marta Bini, Benedetta Ciuffi, Barbara Salvadori, Giovanni Baldi, Luca Rosi
Summary: The study found that a nanodispersion of TiO2 in water has the potential to reduce the molecular weight of Paraloid films, possibly leading to polymer degradation due to its photocatalytic properties. This material could be a promising option for removing protective films used in conservation.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Heejin Lee, Sadegh Papari, Giulio Bernardini, Riccardo Gallorini, Luca Rosi, Franco Berruti
Summary: The study aims to recycle cup waste efficiently through slow pyrolysis and investigate the characteristics and potential utilizations of the pyrolysis products. The results show that pyrolysis oil and activated char have great potential as value-added products, with slow pyrolysis outperforming microwave-assisted pyrolysis.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Werner Oberhauser, Marco Frediani, Iman Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh, Claudio Evangelisti, Lorenzo Poggini, Laura Capozzoli, Peyman Najafi Moghadam
Summary: Polymer-supported PdCu alloy nanoparticles with a Pd:Cu atom ratio of 1 were synthesized and applied in the semi-hydrogenation of alkynols, showing high selectivity and mild reaction conditions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luca Rosi, Marco Cenni, Benedetta Ciuffi, David Casini, Andrea Maria Rizzo, David Chiaramonti
Summary: This study investigates the impact of oxidized biochar on biogas production in anaerobic digestion processes. The results show that biochars with specific functional groups on their surfaces can significantly improve biogas production. Wheat straw and poplar biochars that were oxidized demonstrated the highest increase in biogas production compared to the control group.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Electrochemistry
Mohsin Muhyuddin, Davide Testa, Roberto Lorenzi, Giovanni Maria Vanacore, Federico Poli, Francesca Soavi, Stefania Specchia, Walter Giurlani, Massimo Innocenti, Luca Rosi, Carlo Santoro
Summary: The synthesis of Fe-N-C electrocatalyst from carbonaceous char derived from scrap tires was reported. The structural evaluation during each synthesis step was correlated with the ORR activity in different pH conditions. The developed Fe-N-C showed promising ORR activity in acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions.
ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilaria Agostini, Benedetta Ciuffi, Riccardo Gallorini, Andrea Maria Rizzo, David Chiaramonti, Luca Rosi
Summary: This study successfully extracted terephthalic acid (TPA) from a densified postconsumer plastic mix using hydrothermal liquefaction coupled with density separation, which can be used for new PET synthesis.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Riccardo Gallorini, Benedetta Ciuffi, Feliciana Real Fernandez, Cosimo Carozzini, Enrico Ravera, Anna Maria Papini, Luca Rosi
Summary: Enzymatic digestion is a promising alternative for plastic waste upconversion, as it allows for milder conditions compared to traditional chemical recycling methods. However, a pretreatment is required to overcome the limited penetration of enzymes into the plastic material. This study investigates hydrothermal liquefaction as a thermal pretreatment for a commercial polyurethane, followed by enzymatic digestion. The results demonstrate that hydrothermal liquefaction coupled with enzymatic digestion is a suitable alternative for handling polyurethane waste.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Aquilia, Sabrina Bianchi, Michele Pinna, Anna Maria Papini, Francesco Ciardelli, Claudia Bello, Luca Rosi
JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.
