Article
Thermodynamics
Na Zhong, Xueyong Ren, Long Cheng, Minna Yamamoto, Timo Leskinen, Jukka Lommi, Hui Zhu, Tom Granstrom, Jack Saddler, Xiaotao Bi
Summary: High-value utilization of residual lignin is crucial for bioethanol production. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is an effective strategy for converting residual lignin into bio-crude and biochar. This study systematically explored the performance of microwave-assisted pyrolysis with in-situ catalysis using commercial residual lignin and black liquor lignin. The results showed that residual chemicals in the lignin samples served as microwave absorbers and catalysts, leading to a more economically feasible process. Optimized pyrolysis parameters resulted in bio-oil production from residual lignin and biochar production from black liquor lignin. Both lignin samples produced higher yield and better-quality biochar compared to raw sawdust. Additionally, homogeneous bio-oil production was achieved through process optimization.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ahmed Elsayed Mahmoud Fodah, Manoj Kumar Ghosal, Debaraj Behera
Summary: The study found that increasing microwave power and adding catalyst can improve bio-oil yield and enhance its properties in the microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis process, while having minimal impact on biochar yield.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rongge Zou, Chenxi Wang, Moriko Qian, Erguang Huo, Xiao Kong, Yunpu Wang, Leilei Dai, Lu Wang, Xuesong Zhang, Wendy C. Mateo, Roger Ruan, Hanwu Lei
Summary: In this study, microwave-assisted corn stover biochar was used as a catalyst, and it was found that the biochar significantly increased the selectivity of hydrogen in the syngas, reduced the wax yield, and showed good reusability.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Badr A. Mohamed, Xiaotao Bi, Loretta Y. Li, Lijian Leng, El-Sayed Salama, Hui Zhou
Summary: The study demonstrates that the synergistic effects of BR can only be triggered when mixed with another efficient microwave-absorbing catalyst, such as K3PO4 or clinoptilolite. This mixture significantly increases the microwave heating rate, enhances the quality of biochar and bio-oil, and improves the overall efficiency of biomass microwave pyrolysis.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Zhiyue Zhao, Zhiwei Jiang, Lu Lin, Rongliang Qiu, Kai Yan
Summary: Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) with self-made MoS2 catalysts was used to selectively produce alkoxyphenols-rich bio-oil from wood powder. The bio-oil yield was controlled by adjusting microwave power, temperature and catalyst weight content, and the self-made MoS2 catalysts showed higher content of general phenol species and specific alkoxyphenols compared to commercial MoS2-catalyzed and non-catalyzed MAP. The study also highlighted the bifunctional roles of MoS2 as both microwave absorbent and catalyst, promoting bio-oil production and inhibiting carbonization while selectively upgrading noncondensable gas to bio-oil, leading to the efficient synthesis of alkoxyphenols-rich bio-oil. This work provides guidance for producing phenols-rich bio-oil and other highly value-added products through the microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of biomass over transition metal dichalcogenides materials.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Mauro Giorcelli, Oisik Das, Gabriel Sas, Michael Forsth, Mattia Bartoli
Summary: Microwave-induced pyrolysis is a promising method for producing high-value bio-oils, with significant potential in sustainable development.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ahmed Elsayed Mahmoud Fodah, Manoj Kumar Ghosal, Debaraj Behera
Summary: By using adsorbents such as activated carbon and silicon carbide, the study aimed to enhance microwave absorption, increase the yields of bio-oil and gas, and improve the quality of the products. The addition of these adsorbents led to higher temperatures and heating rates during microwave heating, resulting in increased bio-oil and gas yields with improved physical properties.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Shumei Zhang, Jianyun Xiong, Jiaxin Lu, Nan Zhou, Hui Li, Xian Cui, Qi Zhang, Yuhuan Liu, Roger Ruan, Yunpu Wang
Summary: In this study, CaO was prepared from waste eggshell, preserved egg shell, clam shell, and crab shell to catalyze pyrolysis of waste cooking oil. The results showed that eggshell and clam shell had higher CaO content and better pore properties. The effects of CaO type and catalytic mode on pyrolysis were studied, and different CaO types and catalytic modes produced different amounts of aromatics.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shasha Liu, Gang Wu, Yi Gao, Bin Li, Yu Feng, Jianbin Zhou, Xun Hu, Yong Huang, Shu Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: The study showed that catalytic reaction with activated char could increase the relative content of phenolic substances in bio-oil and create more active sites. At higher temperatures, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in bio-oil increased while oxygen-containing compounds (such as ketones, acids, aldehydes) decreased.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Cui Yong, Wang Wenliang, Chang Jianmin
Summary: Microwave-assisted pyrolysis of wood-based panels bonded by isocyanate adhesive shows significant synergetic effects, resulting in bio-oil and biochar production. The bio-oil mainly contains oxygen and nitrogen-containing compounds with potential high value-added applications, while the biochar exhibits porous properties and abundant nitrogen functionalities, enhancing adsorption capability and electrochemical performance.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Qiuhao Wu, Lin Jiang, Yunpu Wang, Leilei Dai, Yuhuan Liu, Rongge Zou, Xiaojie Tian, Linyao Ke, Xiuhua Yang, Roger Ruan
Summary: The growth of SiC nanowires improved the specific surface area and dielectric properties of the ZSM-5/SiC nanowires catalyst, leading to good aromatization performance in a microwave-assisted series system. The composite catalyst performed well even after five-cycle regeneration, maintaining a high hydrocarbon content similar to the original catalyst.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Raissa Aparecida da Silveira Rossi, Leilei Dai, Marcos Antonio de Souza Barrozo, Luiz Gustavo Martins Vieira, Carla Eponina Hori, Kirk Cobb, Paul Chen, Roger Ruan
Summary: This study investigates the catalytic microwave-assisted pyrolysis of microalgae in a tandem catalytic bed, aiming to reduce the formation of unwanted compounds and enhance aromatic hydrocarbon production. The results show that the hydrotalcite catalyst promotes de-acidification and de-nitrification reactions, while the zeolite catalyst converts intermediate compounds into hydrocarbons. The maximum hydrocarbon and benzene yields are achieved at a temperature of 500 degrees C and a NiHTC/SiC:NiHZSM-5/SiC catalyst ratio of 1:1. The study also provides important data on energy recovery and bio-oil quality during the catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Zhang, Yunfei Wu, Yiming Wang, Mei Zhong, Guijin Wang, Yanpeng Ban, Shun Zhao, Haoquan Hu, Lijun Jin
Summary: This study applied a CO2-enhanced water leaching method to remove alkali/alkaline earth metallic species from biochar and used the demineralized biochar as a catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis biooil. The results showed that the pore structure of the catalyst played a dominant role in increasing phenols contents, while alkali/alkaline earth metallic species enhanced the polymerization of aromatic hydrocarbons and the decarbonylation of oxygenated compounds.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Meiling Xia, Yunpu Wang, Qiuhao Wu, Yuan Zeng, Shumei Zhang, Leilei Dai, Rongge Zou, Yuhuan Liu, Roger Ruan
Summary: In this study, biochar was prepared from Camellia oleifera Abel shell using HNO3 impregnation and pyrolysis, and used as a catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of waste vegetable oil to produce bio-oil. The results showed that HNO3 treatment significantly affected the composition and structure of the biochar catalyst, and the catalyst exhibited remarkable catalytic performance.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xiuhua Yang, Linyao Ke, Qiuhao Wu, Xian Cui, Qi Zhang, Xiaojie Tian, Yuan Zeng, Kirk Cobb, Yuhuan Liu, Roger Ruan, Yunpu Wang
Summary: The study shows that microwave-assisted pyrolysis is an efficient and fast method for producing aromatic bio-oil from spent bleaching clay (SBC). Compared to electric heating, microwave heating not only saves reaction time and energy consumption but also promotes the formation of aromatic hydrocarbons. The optimal pyrolysis conditions include a temperature of 500°C, a feedstock to catalyst mass ratio of 10/1, and a nitrogen flow rate of 50 mL/min.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pu Yang, Can Cui, Lixu Li, Weijian Chen, Yaping Shi, Zhifu Mi, Dabo Guan
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2020)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shan Zhou, Pu Yang
Review
Environmental Studies
Michael Grubb, Claudia Wieners, Pu Yang
Summary: The study examines how Integrated Assessment Models, like the DICE model, represent the cost of emissions abatement. It highlights the importance of considering inertia, induced innovation, and path dependence in emitting systems, as these dynamic factors can significantly impact the optimal level of abatement expenditure and policy conclusions.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-CLIMATE CHANGE
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Pu Yang, Zhifu Mi, D'Maris Coffman, Yun-Fei Cao, Yun-Fei Yao, Jinkai Li
Summary: This paper explores the impact of climate change attitudes on optimal mitigation strategies in different regions, demonstrating that developing countries are more sensitive to these attitudes and have a significantly higher average social carbon cost compared to developed countries.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiaolong Ma, Dandan Jiang, Jiang Lu, Xiaoyu Fang, Pu Yang, Dongqing Xia
Summary: The effects of clay type and water content on the formation and dissociation of natural gas hydrates in clayey silt sediments were experimentally investigated. The study found that the water-to-hydrate conversion ratio decreased with an increase in water content in silt and illite-silt sediments, but increased in montmorillonite-silt sediments. The temperature of sediments with lower water content decreased more during hydrate dissociation, and the temperature dropped below the freezing point due to the inhibition effect of montmorillonite on hydrate phase equilibrium. This study provides insights into the production behavior of clayey silt hydrate reservoirs.
JOURNAL OF NATURAL GAS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Pu Yang, Dening Jia, Bingcheng Lin, Xiuzheng Zhuang, Xiaotao Bi
Summary: This study for the first time investigated the feasibility of microwave-assisted catalytic pyrolysis of refuse-derived fuel to produce high quality biochar. The combination of K2CO3 and bentonite was identified as a promising catalyst due to its high heating rate and large specific surface area of biochar. Additionally, K2CO3 showed superior performance compared to K3PO4, and the addition of bentonite or clinoptilolite significantly improved microwave heating rate.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yuhang Ye, Hale Oguzlu, Jiaying Zhu, Penghui Zhu, Pu Yang, Yeling Zhu, Zhangmin Wan, Orlando J. Rojas, Feng Jiang
Summary: This study focuses on the application demands of reliable ionic conduction and mechanical performance under extreme conditions, and achieves comprehensive performance improvement by controlling the hydration interaction in ionic liquid (IL)-based conductive gels (ionogels). By balancing the competitive interactions between IL, water, and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), the nanoscale morphology of CNF is preserved while enhancing both mechanical performance and ionic conductivity.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Zigeng Fang, Jiayi Yan, Qiuchen Lu, Long Chen, Pu Yang, Junqing Tang, Feng Jiang, Tim Broyd, Jingke Hong
Summary: There is an urgent need for the construction industry, as a major producer of greenhouse gases, to optimize its carbon footprint decision-making processes. This study reviewed relevant literature, evaluated researchers' contributions, and developed a generalized framework for carbon footprint management, filling knowledge gaps in the field.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Christopher J. Smith, Alaa Al Khourdajie, Pu Yang, Doris Folini
Summary: This study uses the DICE model with the FaIR model to analyze climate policy. It finds that including climate uncertainty leads to more refined estimates for the social cost of carbon and provides more certainty about the optimal rate of emissions abatement in different climate scenarios.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yunqian Chen, Zheng Ran, Ya-nan Wang, Xiaoping Liu, Pu Yang, Kun Han, Xiaoge Yin, Chao Zou, Rui Wu, Hongjun Mao, Taosheng Jin
Summary: Traffic emissions in downtown Tianjin, China contribute to ambient air pollution and have detrimental health effects. This study investigated the reduction of traffic emissions and assessed its health benefits using vehicle emission inventory, air quality modeling, and health impact assessment. The results showed a decline in PM2.5 and CO concentrations from 2015 to 2019, leading to a decrease in cumulative deaths from cardiovascular and respiratory disease. The integrated framework used in this study can be used for further research on the health effects of air quality improvement.
AIR QUALITY ATMOSPHERE AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xinlu Sun, Zhifu Mi, Andrew Sudmant, D'Maris Coffman, Pu Yang, Richard Wood
Summary: Cities play a crucial role in the fight against climate change, but a lack of cost- and time-effective methods to calculate carbon footprints hinders intercity comparisons and responsibility allocations. In this study, a hybrid method combining top-down input-output analysis and bottom-up crowdsourced data was established to estimate the carbon footprints of 465 global cities in 2020. The results show a significant concentration of carbon emissions in a small number of cities, highlighting the importance of leadership from globally important urban centers.
ADVANCES IN APPLIED ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Pu Yang, Zhifu Mi, Yun-Fei Yao, Yun-Fei Cao, D'Maris Coffman, Lan-Cui Liu
Summary: The use of equity principles in reviewing NDCs is essential for more ambitious climate actions, but disagreements persist. By treating emission reduction as an economic behavior and exploring economic trade-offs, it is found that more ambitious NDCs are urgently needed to address climate change challenges.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shitong Fang, Houfan Du, Tao Yan, Keyu Chen, Zhiyuan Li, Xiaoqing Ma, Zhihui Lai, Shengxi Zhou
Summary: This paper proposes a new type of nonlinear VIV energy harvester (ANVEH) that compensates for the decrease in peak energy output at low wind speeds by introducing an auxiliary structure. Theoretical and experimental results show that ANVEH performs better than traditional nonlinear VIV energy harvesters under various system parameter variations.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Jiang, Shuo Zhang, Teng Wang, Yufei Zhang, Aimin Sha, Jingjing Xiao, Dongdong Yuan
Summary: A standardized method was developed to evaluate the availability of solar energy resources in road areas, which combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Geographic Information System (GIS). By analyzing critical factors and using a multi-indicator evaluation method, the method accurately evaluated the utilization of solar energy resources and guided the optimal location selection for road photovoltaic (PV) projects. The results provided guidance for the application of road PV projects and site selection for route corridors worldwide, promoting the integration of transportation and energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chang Liu, Jacob A. Wrubel, Elliot Padgett, Guido Bender
Summary: The study investigates the effects of coating defects on the performance of the anode porous transport layer (PTL) in water electrolyzers. The results show that an increasing fraction of uncoated regions on the PTL leads to decreased cell performance, with continuous uncoated regions having a more severe impact compared to multiple thin uncoated strips.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Marcos Tostado-Veliz, Xiaolong Jin, Rohit Bhakar, Francisco Jurado
Summary: In this paper, a coordinated charging price mechanism for clusters of parking lots is proposed. The research shows that enabling vehicle-to-grid characteristics can bring significant economic benefits for users and the cluster coordinator, and vehicle-to-grid impacts noticeably on the risk-averse character of the uncertainty-aware strategies. The developed pricing mechanism can reduce the cost for users, avoiding to directly translate the energy cost to charging points.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Duan Kang
Summary: Building an energy superpower is a key strategy for China and a long-term goal for other countries. This study proposes an evaluation system and index for measuring energy superpower, and finds that China has significantly improved its ranking over the past 21 years, surpassing other countries.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fucheng Deng, Yifei Wang, Xiaosen Li, Gang Li, Yi Wang, Bin Huang
Summary: This study investigated the synergistic blockage mechanism of sand and hydrate in gravel filling layer and the evolution of permeability in the layer. Experimental models and modified permeability models were established to analyze the effects of sand particles and hydrate formation on permeability. The study provided valuable insights for the safe and efficient exploitation of hydrate reservoirs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hao Wang, Xiwen Chen, Natan Vital, Edward Duffy, Abolfazl Razi
Summary: This study proposes a HVAC energy optimization model based on deep reinforcement learning algorithm. It achieves 37% energy savings and ensures thermal comfort for open office buildings. The model has a low complexity, uses a few controllable factors, and has a short training time with good generalizability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Moyue Cong, Yongzhuo Gao, Weidong Wang, Long He, Xiwang Mao, Yi Long, Wei Dong
Summary: This study introduces a multi-strategy ultra-wideband energy harvesting device that achieves high power output without the need for external power input. By utilizing asymmetry, stagger array, magnetic coupling, and nonlinearity strategies, the device maintains a stable output voltage and high power density output at non-resonant frequencies. Temperature and humidity monitoring are performed using Bluetooth sensors to adaptively assess the device.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Tianshu Dong, Xiudong Duan, Yuanyuan Huang, Danji Huang, Yingdong Luo, Ziyu Liu, Xiaomeng Ai, Jiakun Fang, Chaolong Song
Summary: Electrochemical water splitting is crucial for hydrogen production, and improving the hydrogen separation rate from the electrode is essential for enhancing water electrolyzer performance. However, issues such as air bubble adhesion to the electrode plate hinder the process. Therefore, a methodology to investigate the two-phase flow within the electrolyzer is in high demand. This study proposes using a microfluidic system as a simulator for the electrolyzer and optimizing the two-phase flow by manipulating the micro-structure of the flow.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Han, Yifan Yuan, Mengjiao He, Ziwen Zhao, Beibei Xu, Diyi Chen, Jakub Jurasz
Summary: Giving full play to the flexibility of hydropower and integrating more variable renewable energy is of great significance for accelerating the transformation of China's power energy system. This study proposes a novel day-ahead scheduling model that considers the flexibility limited by irregular vibration zones (VZs) and the probability of flexibility shortage in a hydropower-variable renewable energy hybrid generation system. The model is applied to a real hydropower station and effectively improves the flexibility supply capacity of hydropower, especially during heavy load demand in flood season.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhen Wang, Kangqi Fan, Shizhong Zhao, Shuxin Wu, Xuan Zhang, Kangjia Zhai, Zhiqi Li, Hua He
Summary: This study developed a high-performance rotary energy harvester (AI-REH) inspired by archery, which efficiently accumulates and releases ultralow-frequency vibration energy. By utilizing a magnetic coupling strategy and an accumulator spring, the AI-REH achieves significantly accelerated rotor speeds and enhanced electric outputs.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yi Yang, Qianyi Xing, Kang Wang, Caihong Li, Jianzhou Wang, Xiaojia Huang
Summary: In this study, a novel hybrid Quantile Regression (QR) model is proposed for Probabilistic Load Forecasting (PLF). The model integrates causal dilated convolution, residual connection, and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) for multi-scale feature extraction. In addition, a Combined Probabilistic Load Forecasting System (CPLFS) is proposed to overcome the inherent flaws of relying on a single model. Simulation results show that the hybrid QR outperforms traditional models and CPLFS exceeds the best benchmarks in terms of prediction accuracy and stability.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wen-Jiang Zou, Young-Bae Kim, Seunghun Jung
Summary: This paper proposes a dynamic prediction model for capacity fade in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). The model accurately predicts changes in electrolyte volume and capacity fade, enhancing the competitiveness of VRFBs in energy storage applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuechao Ma, Shengtie Wang, Guangchen Liu, Guizhen Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Ruiming Liu
Summary: This paper focuses on the balance of state of charge (SOC) among multiple battery energy storage units (MBESUs) and bus voltage balance in an islanded bipolar DC microgrid. A SOC automatic balancing strategy is proposed considering the energy flow relationship and utilizing the adaptive virtual resistance algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in achieving SOC balancing and decreasing bus voltage unbalance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raad Z. Homod, Basil Sh. Munahi, Hayder Ibrahim Mohammed, Musatafa Abbas Abbood Albadr, Aissa Abderrahmane, Jasim M. Mahdi, Mohamed Bechir Ben Hamida, Bilal Naji Alhasnawi, A. S. Albahri, Hussein Togun, Umar F. Alqsair, Zaher Mundher Yaseen
Summary: In this study, the control problem of the multiple-boiler system (MBS) is formulated as a dynamic Markov decision process and a deep clustering reinforcement learning approach is applied to obtain the optimal control policy. The proposed strategy, based on bang-bang action, shows superior response and achieves more than 32% energy saving compared to conventional fixed parameter controllers under dynamic indoor/outdoor actual conditions.