Article
Energy & Fuels
Long Liu, Qihao Mei, Weinan Jia
Summary: This study aims to develop a flexible spray model for quick and robust prediction of spray tip penetration in diesel engines, in order to assess the spray mixing process and optimize injection and combustion strategy. The newly developed models are validated experimentally and show good flexibility and accuracy under various injection strategies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Joanna Grochowalska, Piotr Jaworski, Lukasz Jan Kapusta, Jerzy Kowalski
Summary: This paper aims to develop a model of diesel fuel spray for the early stage of fuel spray in marine diesel engines, considering technical aspects such as nozzle diameter and backpressure. Experimental studies were conducted to propose a new model for fuel spray parameters, with lower error than existing models. The research highlights the importance of the early stage of fuel spray evolution for self-ignition in marine diesel engines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NUMERICAL METHODS FOR HEAT & FLUID FLOW
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Anupam Ghosh, R. V. Ravikrishna
Summary: This study investigates the spray characteristics of methanol-in-diesel emulsions from a common rail diesel injection system under evaporating conditions. Different surfactants were used to stabilize emulsions with varying methanol content, which affected the liquid-length of the spray. Results show that the spray characteristics are influenced by injection pressure, methanol percentage, and surfactant used.
Review
Energy & Fuels
Masataka Arai
Summary: Tip penetration of diesel spray is an important parameter for evaluating diesel combustion dynamics. It is closely related to ignition delay, combustion modes, and engine performance. By using non-dimensional expression, the tip penetration of different spray sizes can be discussed and scaled, providing a basis for the similarity law of diesel spray.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Arman Rostampour, Mohammad Hassan Shojaeefard, Gholam Reza Molaeimanesh
Summary: Spray simulation is crucial for engine simulations, and the Kelvin-Helmholtz/Rayleigh-Taylor (KH-RT) model is commonly used. This study investigates the effects of KH-RT model constants, LES, and RANS turbulence models on spray penetration length and shape of diesel spray contour. The results show that both LES and RANS turbulence models, along with the KH-RT model, accurately predict the spray penetration length. However, the RANS model fails to accurately capture the soft edges of the spray contour.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART C-JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Panos Sphicas, Apostolos Pesyridis
Summary: In this study, an electrically heated, constant-volume, pressurized vessel was designed and manufactured to investigate Diesel sprays in engine conditions. The controlling electronics and software were developed to ensure safe and precise operation. The spray spatial and temporal development were analyzed using a high-speed shadowgraph technique, and models were derived to describe the temporal evolution of the liquid core, which can be used to predict the Diesel spray behavior and engine performance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chunhua Zhang, Ke Yang, Gang Li, Jiayi Dai, Timothy H. Lee
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of IBE on the spray evaporation characteristics of diesel and finds that blending IBE into diesel can significantly improve the spray evaporation. The penetration depth and spray area of the liquid spray decrease when IBE is added to diesel, and the reduction becomes more pronounced with higher volumetric ratios. Moreover, the time for the spray to reach the stable stage decreases with more IBE blended into diesel. The study also highlights the influence of ambient temperature on the spray evaporation of both pure diesel and IBE/diesel blends, where higher ambient temperatures further enhance the spray evaporation of IBE/diesel blends.
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Gopal Kumar Deshmukh, Ameenur Rehman, Rajesh Gupta
Summary: The increasing demand for energy due to the rise in vehicles with internal combustion engines has raised concerns in industrial and automotive fields about fossil fuel depletion, environmental issues, and energy conservation. This has driven the world to explore alternative sources of energy. The use of biodiesel as engine fuel has prompted researchers to regulate emissions and enhance engine performance.
JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yejun Wang, Ayush Jain, Christian Schweizer, Waruna D. Kulatilaka
Summary: Comparison of flame structure, PAH, and soot formation characteristics of commercial diesel and a diesel surrogate was conducted using optical diagnostics. The study found that diesel produced approximately 1.5 times more soot than the diesel surrogate, indicating the need for more appropriate diesel surrogates.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinyi Zhou, Tie Li, Ping Yi
Summary: In this paper, a new 0-D model describing the spray development during the transient processes at the start of injection in diesel engines is proposed. Experimental results show that the spray tip penetration behavior deviates from conventional models, providing valuable insights for engineers and researchers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Muteeb Ul Haq, Ali Turab Jafry, Saad Ahmad, Taqi Ahmad Cheema, Munib Qasim Ansari, Naseem Abbas
Summary: Spray characteristics are crucial for the performance and emissions of compression ignition engines. This study investigates the impact of fuel properties and injection conditions on spray characteristics. Higher injection pressures result in longer penetration lengths, better atomization, and reduced mean diameter. Liquid properties and structural properties play vital roles in the spray formation of fuel blends.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xinyi Zhou, Tie Li
Summary: The study investigates the influence of the start and end injection transients on spray behavior and establishes a theoretical model for the entire spray tip penetration development process, validated through experiments. Four key time points and five stages in the spray development process are analyzed.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Cangsu Xu, Kai Liu, Chong Chen, Maohui Su, Qianwen Wang, Chenxi Su, Rui Yang, Xiaolu Li, Wenhua Zhou
Summary: This study examines the effects of ambient pressure and injection parameters on the macro-characteristics of air-assisted diesel spray. High ambient pressure delays the formation of vortex ring and hinders the development of spray. Extending fuel injection duration reduces the spray penetration and increases the spray angles, while increasing fuel injection pressure creates more small-sized droplets and facilitates lateral diffusion.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hua Xia, Zhong Wang, Shuai Liu
Summary: The fuel spray characteristics have a significant impact on the combustion process and pollutants of diesel engines. The addition of methanol to the fuel changes the physical characteristics of the fuel and affects the fuel transport characteristics and spray characteristics, thereby impacting the combustion process. Experimental results show that the spray penetration distance, spray projection area, and spray cone angle of Fischer-Tropsch diesel/methanol blends undergo changes under different injection pressures and back pressure conditions.
ENERGY SOURCES PART A-RECOVERY UTILIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
(2022)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Djati Wibowo Djamari, Muhammad Idris, Permana Andi Paristiawan, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Olusegun David Samuel, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Safarudin Gazali Herawan, Davannendran Chandran, Abdulfatah Abdu Yusuf, Hitesh Panchal, Ibham Veza
Summary: Research and development in the internal combustion engine have been growing, and diesel engines have advantages in efficiency, power output, and reliability. Although observing diesel spray is complex due to its high-speed, high-pressure, and high-temperature conditions, some mechanisms have been explained and suggestions have been made. This paper comprehensively reviews the current status of theoretical diesel spray and modeling.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Larissa Gomes dos Reis, Vishal Chaugule, David F. Fletcher, Paul M. Young, Daniela Traini, Julio Soria
Summary: Inhalation drug delivery using dry powder inhalers (DPIs) for chronic respiratory conditions has been on the rise, but faces challenges due to low efficiencies and drug losses. This study used in-vitro and particle image velocimetry (PIV) to assess the aerosol performance of DPI devices, finding that device models with grid design showed improved drug delivery efficiency.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ashkan Vatani, Sam Liao, Aidan J. C. Burrell, Josie Carberry, Marjan Azimi, Ulrich Steinseifer, Jutta Arens, Julio Soria, Vincent Pellegrino, David Kaye, Shaun D. Gregory
Summary: This study aims to numerically investigate the effect of cannula design parameters on local fluid dynamics and thrombosis potential in ECMO drainage cannulas. By comparing the simulated flow dynamics of a control cannula with other designs, it was found that simple geometrical changes can significantly reduce the risk of thrombosis.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
V Chaugule, C. Y. Wong, K. Inthavong, D. F. Fletcher, P. M. Young, J. Soria, D. Traini
Summary: Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are crucial in the field of drug treatment, and fast regulatory approval is essential. By combining experimental techniques and computational methods, the suitable design of inhaler can be determined rapidly and its performance can be optimized. Collaborations among multidisciplinary teams can maximize the benefits for pharmaceutical companies.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
F. Z. Sierra-Espinosa, S. Amjad, F. Carrillo, J. Soria, C. Atkinson
Summary: The study investigated heat transfer and momentum transfer due to water flow in a cylinder-stirred reactor of square cross section, revealing a fluid motion resembling Taylor-Couette vortex under different Reynolds numbers. The results suggest enhanced mixing performance in this reactor compared to other types of reactors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sushant Powar, Farin Yazdan Parast, Ashwin Nandagiri, Avinash S. Gaikwad, David L. Potter, Moira K. O'Bryan, Ranganathan Prabhakar, Julio Soria, Reza Nosrati
Summary: This study introduces an automated platform that uses thin-lens approximation and high-speed dark field microscopy to reconstruct sperm flagellar waveform in 3D, enabling analysis of sperm swimming behavior. The study found that head-tethered mouse sperm exhibit a rolling beating behavior in 3D, and discovered the properties of their flagellar waveform.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Tushar Sikroria, Richard Sandberg, Andrew Ooi, Shahram Karami, Julio Soria
Summary: Flow unsteadiness in supersonic impinging jets can cause practical issues such as ground erosion and high noise levels. Studying shear-layer instabilities requires time-resolved measurements of flow velocity fields, which can be challenging in high-speed flow applications. A novel approach using time-unresolved dual-time digital PIV coupled with dynamic mode decomposition analysis is being applied to investigate the dynamics of shear-layer instabilities in supersonic impinging jets.
Article
Mechanics
Hui Zhao, Dung Nguyen, Daniel Edgington-Mitchell, Julio Soria, Hai-Feng Liu, Damon Honnery
Summary: This study aims to investigate the largest diameter of falling drop in the up-gas flow. The phenomenon of drop breakup in the airflow, known as secondary atomization, is commonly observed in nature and industry. The critical Weber number is used to determine the beginning of drop breakup. This study explains the different critical Weber numbers for free-fall raindrops breakup and secondary atomization based on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. The study proposes a theoretical criterion for the largest raindrop size and suggests a map of falling drop size regions to explain the occurrence of super-large raindrops. Additionally, the findings of this study have practical implications for reducing drop entrainment in washing towers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shoaib Amjad, Julio Soria, Callum Atkinson
Summary: Tomographic background-oriented schlieren (TBOS) is a promising optical technique for measuring the 3D density field in turbulent flows. It captures path-integrated information on refractive index gradients by observing apparent displacements of textured background patterns. By reconstructing the three-dimensional refractive index gradients, the instantaneous three-dimensional density field can be obtained. Most TBOS measurements so far have been limited by temporal and/or defocus blurring, but our 15-camera set-up using a pulsed laser and laser-speckle background pattern achieves low blurring and high resolution measurements.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shaun Davey, Callum Atkinson, Julio Soria
Summary: Surface drag can be reduced by surface treatment in order to decrease energy usage and emission in various transport and engineering applications. This study compares two neural network approaches for determining the temporal derivatives of experimental data, with the results showing that neural networks trained directly on the experimental displacement data can reduce the uncertainty of the temporal derivatives to a level similar to that of the differential equation approach.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Minghang Li, Shahram Karami, Richard Sandberg, Julio Soria, Andrew Ooi
Summary: This study investigates the physics of impingement heat transfer in under-expanded supersonic impinging jets using wall-resolved large-eddy simulations. It is found that the impinging jets exhibit a strong oscillation of a stand-off shock, resulting in two peaks of the mean heat transfer coefficients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND FLUID FLOW
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Vishal Chaugule, Larissa Gomes dos Reis, David F. Fletcher, Paul M. Young, Daniela Traini, Julio Soria
Summary: A novel design concept for a dry powder inhaler is proposed to improve its aerosol performance and achieve higher lung deposition. The design includes a varying inner cross-section of the device, resulting in improved flow characteristics and an increased fine particle fraction. This design concept was further adapted with the use of a honeycomb grid, which showed a reduction in fine particle fraction when placed after the tangential inlets but had no significant effect on throat deposition when placed at the mouthpiece exit.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Vishal Chaugule, Alexis Duddridge, Tushar Sikroria, Callum Atkinson, Julio Soria
Summary: This paper presents a novel approach to study the spatio-temporal coherent structures in turbulent high-speed jet flows. It introduces the use of high-spatial resolution dual-particle image velocimetry coupled with dynamic mode decomposition. The results demonstrate the capability of this technique to identify the dominant frequencies and their associated spatial structures in high-speed turbulent flows.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Varsha Komalla, Chun Yuen Jerry Wong, Imco Sibum, Bernhard Muellinger, Wietze Nijdam, Vishal Chaugule, Julio Soria, Hui Xin Ong, Nicolas A. Buchmann, D. Traini
Summary: Soft mist inhalers (SMIs) are propellant-free inhalers that deliver slow mist to patients, minimizing loss and requiring less coordination. SMIs offer advantages for delivering advanced particle formulations, biologics, and repurposed drugs, and can also be used for systemic diseases. Digitalizing SMIs would improve patient adherence and provide insights for treatment progress.
EXPERT OPINION ON DRUG DELIVERY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Respiratory System
Vishal Chaugule, Suzanna Olofsson, Larissa Gomes Dos Reis, David F. Fletcher, Paul M. Young, Daniela Traini, Julio Soria
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL MEDICINE AND PULMONARY DRUG DELIVERY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Avinash Gaikwad, Ashwin Nandagiri, David Potter, Ranganathan Prabhakar, Sameer Jadhav, Julio Soria, Reza Nosrati, Moira O'Bryan
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.
